Life history characteristics.

Life history characteristics

R=Ruderal

S=StressC=Competition

Stress gradientD

istu

rban

ce g

radi

ent

Grime -CRS

R=exploitation

A=AdversityK=Efficiency

Density-Dependent vs Density IndependentC

ompe

titio

n gr

adie

nt

Greenslade Whittaker & GoodmanHairston et al

R=Ruderal

S=StressC=Competition

r=exploitation

K=Efficiency

A=Adversity

Grime: Competition-Stress

Grim

e: D

istu

rban

ce

Hai

rsto

n: D

D-D

I

Hairston: B-D

Southwood: H

et in space

Southwood: Adve

rsity

selecti

on. Het in

time