Levels of biological organization and unicellular …mrbanksscience.weebly.com/.../protists_continued.pdf• Protists are like the junk drawer of eukaryotes. –If it’s not a plant,

• Eukaryotes!

• Animals, Plants, and Fungi are all

descended from primitive Protists.

• The name Protista means "the very first",

There are thousands and thousands of

species.

• Protists are like the junk drawer of

eukaryotes.

• Protists are like the junk drawer of

eukaryotes.

– If it’s not a plant, animal, fungus, or bacteria it

just goes in the kingdom Protista.

• Protist: An organism with a single eukaryotic

cell or colonies of cells, lacking tissues, and

eats, makes, or decomposes for food.

• Remember, Protists lack tissues.

– Which specimen below is a protist, and which

is an animal?

Answer! Protists do not have eyes because

an eye is made of tissue.

• Note: Some protists such as the Euglena

have a sensitive organelle called an eye spot

to detect light.

– It’s not a true eye.

• Which specimen below is a protist, and

which is an animal?

• Answer A. Protista do not have tissues

so they cannot have a heart.

• Is this a protist? Why or why not?

• Answer! No, because the specimen has

tissues such as eyes, and some sort of

digestive tract.

• Green Algae

• Green Algae (Autroph) (Chlorophyta)

• Brown Algae

• Brown Algae (A)

• Red Algae

• Red Algae (A)

• Cyanobacteria are bacteria that

photosynthesize (Unicellular)

• Algae are photosynthetic protists (Unicelluar

with no roots, leaves, stems)

• Algae are photosynthetic protists (Unicelluar

with no roots, leaves, stems)

• Plants are photosynthetic (Multi-cellular and

have leaves, roots, stems)

• Algae is an aquatic Protist.

• It can be incredibly small,

• It can be incredibly small, and also very

large.

• Algae produce more than 71% of the

Earth’s oxygen.

• Algae remove huge amounts of Carbon

Dioxide from the air.

• Algae remove huge amounts of Carbon

Dioxide from the air.

– Carbon Dioxide causes global warming, so algae

is one of our most important allies in the fight

against climate change.

• Algae can be found as bacteria, protists,

and plants.

• Diatoms

– Round shells made of glass.

• Diatoms

• Raise your hand if you have ever put

diatoms in your mouth?

• Raise your hand if you have ever put

diatoms in your mouth?

(Silicates - glass)

• Diatoms use silicon to make their glass

shells using a process called

biomineralization.

• Diatoms produce more oxygen for the

planet than all of the forests combined.

• Diatoms produce more oxygen for the

planet than all of the forests combined.

– About ¼ of all the oxygen on Earth comes

from diatoms.

• dinoflagellates

• Animation of Flagella.

• Video! Cilia and Flagella

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGAm6hM

• Dinoflagellates (Flagella)

• Red Tides can kill fish and can harm

humans if they eat shellfish (Neurotoxin)

• Euglena

• Euglena (A) (H)

A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy.

• Many of the plant-like protists are known as

phytoplankton,

• Many of the plant-like protists are known as

phytoplankton, they are eaten by zooplankton

which are animals.

• The sun provides the energy for the

phytoplankton.

phytoplankton. Phyto =Light.

• Zooplankton

• Zooplankton eat the phytoplankton.

• Watch the flow of energy with the arrows.

• Phytoplankton: Very small free floating

aquatic plants that get energy from the

– They produce oxygen for animals.

• Phytoplankton: Very small free floating

aquatic plants that get energy from the

– They produce oxygen for animals.

• Many animals migrate to these rich waters

to feed off of the zooplankton which eat

the phytoplankton.

• Zooplankton: Tiny animals that cannot

make their own food.

– Many eat phytoplankton.

“Yummy”, “Tiny

zooplankton.”

“Yummy”, “Tiny

zooplankton.”“Mmmm,

Zooplankton”

Phytoplankton

Zooplankton

Larger and less numerous

The aquatic

food chain

starts with

protists!

• Animal-like Protists (move, eat food, some

use the sun)

• Animal-like Protists (move, eat food, some

use the sun)

Primarily get energy by ingesting food

particles rather than by photosynthesis.

• Ciliates

– Cilia

• Cilia: Hairlike projections from the surface

of a cell, provides locomotion.

• Paramecium are ciliates.

• Animation of how many work together in

unison.

• Cilia can also be used to move / filter food

into the oral groove opening.

• Cilia can also be used to move / filter food

into the oral groove opening.

– Oral groove = “Mouth”

• We have cilia in our throat to move small

particles of food to our stomach.

• We have cilia in our throat to move small

particles of food to our stomach.

• Amoebas

• Amoebas (Heterotroph)

• Flagellates

– Use flagella for locomotion

• Fungus-like protists (get energy from

decomposing).

• Fungus-like protists (get energy from

decomposing).

Saprotrophs!

• The slime molds and water molds of protists

use to be in the Kingdom Fungi but have

been switched to the protists.

• Slime Mold

Energy is obtained from feeding on decomposing

things.

• Water Mold

• Which is a slime mold and which is a

water mold?

Levels of biological organization and unicellular …mrbanksscience.weebly.com/.../protists_continued.pdf• Protists are like the junk drawer of eukaryotes. –If it’s not a plant,

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