Levels of biological organization and unicellular …mrbanksscience.weebly.com/.../protists_continued.pdf• Protists are like the junk drawer of eukaryotes. –If it’s not a plant,

• Eukaryotes!

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Animals, Plants, and Fungi are all

descended from primitive Protists.

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• The name Protista means "the very first",

There are thousands and thousands of

species.




species.




species.




species.


• Protists are like the junk drawer of

eukaryotes.

• Protists are like the junk drawer of

eukaryotes.

– If it’s not a plant, animal, fungus, or bacteria it

just goes in the kingdom Protista.

• Protist: An organism with a single eukaryotic

cell or colonies of cells, lacking tissues, and

eats, makes, or decomposes for food.


• Remember, Protists lack tissues.

– Which specimen below is a protist, and which

is an animal?


Answer! Protists do not have eyes because

an eye is made of tissue.


• Note: Some protists such as the Euglena

have a sensitive organelle called an eye spot

to detect light.

– It’s not a true eye.

• Which specimen below is a protist, and

which is an animal?


• Answer A. Protista do not have tissues

so they cannot have a heart.


• Is this a protist? Why or why not?


• Answer! No, because the specimen has

tissues such as eyes, and some sort of

digestive tract.

• Green Algae


• Green Algae (Autroph) (Chlorophyta)


• Brown Algae


• Brown Algae


• Brown Algae (A)


• Brown Algae (A)


• Red Algae

• Red Algae (A)

• Red Algae (A)

• Cyanobacteria are bacteria that

photosynthesize (Unicellular)




• Algae are photosynthetic protists (Unicelluar

with no roots, leaves, stems)




• Algae are photosynthetic protists (Unicelluar

with no roots, leaves, stems)

• Plants are photosynthetic (Multi-cellular and

have leaves, roots, stems)


• Algae is an aquatic Protist.


• It can be incredibly small,


• It can be incredibly small, and also very

large.


• Algae produce more than 71% of the

Earth’s oxygen.


• Algae remove huge amounts of Carbon

Dioxide from the air.


• Algae remove huge amounts of Carbon

Dioxide from the air.

– Carbon Dioxide causes global warming, so algae

is one of our most important allies in the fight

against climate change.


• Algae can be found as bacteria, protists,

and plants.


and plants.


and plants.


and plants.


and plants.


and plants.


and plants.


and plants.

• Diatoms

• Diatoms

– Round shells made of glass.

• Diatoms


• Diatoms


• Diatoms


http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chromista/diatoms/diatomdiverse.jpg
















• Raise your hand if you have ever put

diatoms in your mouth?

• Raise your hand if you have ever put

diatoms in your mouth?

(Silicates - glass)

• Diatoms use silicon to make their glass

shells using a process called

biomineralization.


• Diatoms produce more oxygen for the

planet than all of the forests combined.


• Diatoms produce more oxygen for the

planet than all of the forests combined.

– About ¼ of all the oxygen on Earth comes

from diatoms.


• dinoflagellates

• Animation of Flagella.


• Animation of Flagella.


• Video! Cilia and Flagella

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGAm6hM

ysTA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGAm6hMysTA

• Dinoflagellates (Flagella)


• Red Tides can kill fish and can harm

humans if they eat shellfish (Neurotoxin)

• Euglena

• Euglena (A) (H)

• Euglena (A) (H)

• Euglena (A) (H)

A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy.

• Many of the plant-like protists are known as

phytoplankton,


• Many of the plant-like protists are known as

phytoplankton, they are eaten by zooplankton

which are animals.


• The sun provides the energy for the

phytoplankton.



phytoplankton. Phyto =Light.







• Zooplankton




• Zooplankton




• Zooplankton eat the phytoplankton.


• Watch the flow of energy with the arrows.












• Phytoplankton: Very small free floating

aquatic plants that get energy from the

sun.

– They produce oxygen for animals.


• Phytoplankton: Very small free floating

aquatic plants that get energy from the

sun.

– They produce oxygen for animals.


• Many animals migrate to these rich waters

to feed off of the zooplankton which eat

the phytoplankton.


• Zooplankton: Tiny animals that cannot

make their own food.




– Many eat phytoplankton.




– Many eat phytoplankton.


















“Yummy”, “Tiny

zooplankton.”

“Yummy”, “Tiny

zooplankton.”“Mmmm,

Zooplankton”

.

.

.

.

.

Phytoplankton

.

Phytoplankton

Zooplankton

Larger and less numerous

The aquatic

food chain

starts with

protists!

• Animal-like Protists (move, eat food, some

use the sun)


• Animal-like Protists (move, eat food, some

use the sun)


Primarily get energy by ingesting food

particles rather than by photosynthesis.

• Ciliates


• Ciliates


• Ciliates

– Cilia


• Cilia: Hairlike projections from the surface

of a cell, provides locomotion.


• Paramecium are ciliates.

• Animation of how many work together in

unison.


• Cilia can also be used to move / filter food

into the oral groove opening.

• Cilia can also be used to move / filter food

into the oral groove opening.

– Oral groove = “Mouth”

• We have cilia in our throat to move small

particles of food to our stomach.

• We have cilia in our throat to move small

particles of food to our stomach.

• Amoebas


• Amoebas


• Amoebas (Heterotroph)


• Amoebas (Heterotroph)


• Flagellates


• Flagellates

– Use flagella for locomotion


• Fungus-like protists (get energy from

decomposing).


• Fungus-like protists (get energy from

decomposing).

Saprotrophs!


• The slime molds and water molds of protists

use to be in the Kingdom Fungi but have

been switched to the protists.

• Slime Mold


• Slime Mold


• Slime Mold


• Slime Mold


Energy is obtained from feeding on decomposing

things.

http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=protists/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/slime.jpg

http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=protists/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/tolweb.org/tree/eukaryotes/slime.jpg

• Water Mold


• Which is a slime mold and which is a

water mold?


water mold?


water mold?


water mold?


water mold?

Levels of biological organization and unicellular …mrbanksscience.weebly.com/.../protists_continued.pdf• Protists are like the junk drawer of eukaryotes. –If it’s not a plant,

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