Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
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Background Information
U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
World War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945) The conflict resulted from the rise
of totalitarian, fascism in German, Japan and Italy
Background Information:
July 7. 1937 Japan invaded Central China.Sep. 1938 Munich Pact, which sacrificed
much of Czechoslovakia to Germany
Aug. 1939Russia-Germany non-aggression
pactSept. 1, 1939German invasion of Poland Sept. 3, 1939France and Britain declared war on
Germany, officially beginning W W II
Background Information:
June 22, 1940France surrendered. Aug-Oct. 1940The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900) Jun 22. 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union.
I. Background Information: Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbour Sept. 1943 the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy
surrendered. May 7. 1945 Germany surrendered unconditionally. Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender.
Adolph Hitler (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of the National
Socialist German Workers‘ Party, was born an Austrian.
Background Information:
1920 the Nazi Party1933 Chancellor 1934the union of the presidency and
chancellorship in Hitler's person, the FührerTHE THIRD REICH ( 第三帝国）
Background Information:
1944 an assassination attempt April 29, 1945married his long-time mistress, Eva
BraunApril 30, 1945committed suicide
Background Information:
Nazi: National sozialistthe National Socialist German Workers' Party
Elite Corps, black guards党卫军、黑衫党
Background Information:
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965)
1953 won the Nobel Prize in Literature1955 refusing the title of duke
Winston Churchill
1874.11.30 – 1965.1.24
1940.5– 1945.5 1st term as P.M.
1951.10-1955.1 2nd term as P.M.
Stylemasterpieces of orationhighly persuasive and convincingeloquent: forceful expressions,
structure, words with abstract meaning
emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passion
Rhetorical devices
Noun phrases: with great rapidity and violence
Imperative sentences:let us…, let us…
Inverted sentences:News was brought to me…
Structural Analysis
Part I: a piece of narrationBackground of the speechPart II. the speech properan argument or persuasionSection 1: The Nazi regime…
horrors upon mankind…
Structural Analysis
Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources.
What we should do.Section 3: This is no time…life and power
remain.Further persuasion, to convince the
audience of the justification of the decision.
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2. conviction: a very firm and sincere belief
Conviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty.
I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.
His political convictions are radical.
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3. certainty: the state of being definite or having no doubts
(here) a clearly established fact It's a certainty that this horse will
win in the race.4. compose: to write
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5. lie: exist, be found, reside6. presently: before long, shortly,
soon7. hasten: move fast8. On an enormous front: on a
large scale9: a large portion: a large part
Detailed Study of the Text 10. ground: (of pilot or plane) to stay
on the groundThe ship grounded on a hidden
sandbank in the shallow water.grounded on the airfield: lying still
on the airfield11: drive forward: to advance
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12. round up: to gather together scattered animals, to collect together animals that are scattered
A cowboy rounds up the cattle.
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13. horde: a large number or crowd, throng
a horde of locustsWhen a contemptuous term is
desired, it is preferred to crowd and throng, esp, when implying rude, rough or savage character.
Detailed Study of the Text14. consult: to go to a person, a
book for advice, information or opinion
The Prime Minister consulted his Cabinet on a variety of questions.
Have you consulted the doctor about your illness?
to consult a dictionary
Detailed Study of the Text14. issue:the point at which an
unsettled matter is ready for a decision
major issues of principlethe act of publishing or officially
giving out or making availableHave you seen the latest issue of
the magazine?
Detailed Study of the Text 18. count on: depend on, expect, take
into account If there is anything I can do, count on
me. I think we can count on Mr White to
support us. 19. enlist: win the support of, get the help
or sympathy Can I enlist your help in collecting the
money for victims of the tsunami?
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20. sympathy: feeling of support, pity and tenderness
21. go all out: to spare no effort, to make one's utmost effort
We will go all out to support the development of the west.
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22. be true of: be the same case, be suitable to
What he says of women is true of men.
People in cities have larger houses now, and the same is true of the living condition in the countryside.
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24. revert to: to go back to a former subject, talk about again
The pressure made him revert to his old habit of smoking.
Shall we revert to our previous topic?
25. arch: principal, chief arch- angel, bishop, criminal, enemy, rebel, rival, etc.
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26. not bowing down in the House of Rimmon:
Q: You are not doing sth. against your own beliefs, are you?
A: No, not at all.
Detailed Study of the TextRimmon:a deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus.
Syrian Captain Naaman had leprosy.
His Israeli servant told Elisha, a prophet God.
Elisha told Naaman to wash in the Jordan River 7 times and thus he was cured.
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Naaman therefore had faith in God and convert to Christianity.
But being a Syrian, he had to follow his King to worship in the House of Rimmon.
Elisha granted him permission to do so.
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bow down in the house of Rimmon: you do sth. outwardly with mental reservation
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27. thereby: by that means, by doing or saying that
Our body can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation.
A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power.
Detailed Study of the Text28. Devil - Satan, most powerful evil
spirit, the source of evil in the world.29. make a reference (n.) refer to (v.)
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31. to the effect: with the information that, meaning that
He had a telegram to the effect that his mother is dead.
A rumour was in the air to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties.
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32. comment: remark expressing an opinion, judgement (written or spoken)
33. regime: a type or form of government, often derog.
a corrupt regimeHe was tortured under the Saddam regime.
Under the old regime women could not vote.
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34. feature: quality, characteristic, sth. that set apart one thing / person from others
Monopoly is the key feature of imperialism.
The dominant feature on his face is the brandy nose.
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35. devoid of: (fml) lacking in, complete without, empty of
He is complete devoid of human feelings.
The word “vacuum” refers to space entirely devoid of matter.
36. theme: (Here in the text) basic good value, virtue, ideal, unifying idea
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37. appetite: a strong desire to conquer
38. racial domination: the state of having controlling power over the other races by the Aryan nation
Aryan’s superiorityracial equality / discriminationracism / racist
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dominate: have controlling influence or power over, have the most important place or position
She completely dominates the family and makes all the decisions.
The dominant political party of the country is socialist.
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39. excel: surpass, be superior to, outdo, exceed
He excels in music and art / courage / at football.
40. wickedness: badness, evil41. efficient: working well, quick and
without waste42. ferocious: fierce, cruel, and violent
Detailed Study of the TextThe Nazi regime is extremely cruel. It
has invaded other countries in the most savage way. The invasions are so effective that they surpass all other kind of human cruelty.
The Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries, in this respect it is worse than any other known form of evil.
Detailed Study of the Text 42. consistent: constant, faithful,
continually keeping to the same principles
When you make a sentence, the subject and the verb should be consistent.
He reaffirmed the government's consistent policy of opposing racial discrimination.
Detailed Study of the Text43. opponent: one who is on the
opposite side in a contest or in a conflict
44. unfold: (lit.) to become clear, more fully known
He gradually unfolded her plan to them.
As the investigation goes on, the intrigue behind the dirty deal slowly unfold.
Detailed Study of the Text47. folly: (fml) foolishness, unwise
actThe old man smiled sadly as he
remembered the follies of his youth.50. immemorial: going beck beyond
the reach of memory51. champion: person who fights for,
supports strongly, or defends a principle, a movement, person, etc.
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52. means of existence: (Here) food and clothing to keep people alive, things for people to survive
53. wring (wrung): to press hard on, squeeze, to twist, to get by force
to wring water from the wet clothesHis sad story wrung our hearts.
Detailed Study of the Text 54. hardly: (rare) with effort or
difficulty, with force, in a severe manner
55. primordial: fundamental and primitive, basic
primordial joys: pleasures shared commonly by all human beings
Detailed Study of the Text 57. hideous: ugly, morally offensive,
very wickeda hideous crime / criminal58. clank: metallic sound made by
the swords and sabres ( 军刀 )The prisoner’s ankle chains clanked.clicking: the sound of spurs (马剌 )
and the metal piece underneath the soles
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59. dandy: a person who gives too much attention to dress
cf: playboy: a person who devotes his life in pursuit of pleasure
dandified: dressed like a dandyHere: German officers in uniforms
with shoulder boards, insignias (勋章 ) and decorations
60. crafty: cleverly deceitful, cunning, foxy
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61. fresh from: recently arrived, returned
They are mostly young people fresh from school.
62. cow: to bring under control by violence or threats
The gang of pickpockets were cowed by the sight of a cop.
The smaller boys were cowed by the class bully.
Detailed Study of the Text63. tie down: A person who ties you down restricts your freedom.
(here) to enslave 64. dull: stupid, not cleverA dull speech / city / person65. docile: easily taught or led, obedient, easy to manage
66. brutish: brutal, beast-like
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67. Hun: (derog. offensive) German soldier
68. plod: to continue to walk slowly along a road, with difficulty and great effort
69. swarm: a large group (of insects moving in a mass), throng
Detailed Study of the Text71. smart: feel painful in one part of the body
The place where he had cut his knee was smarting.
He was still smarting under / over her unkind words.
72. prey: victim, a person or animal killed or hunted
Detailed Study of the Text74. villain: a mean person who is
completely given to crime, evil, a thoroughly wicked man
75. cataract: large steep waterfall, overwhelming downpour
cataract of horrors: unparalleled miseries
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76. dominion: a self-governing nation of the British Commonwealth
the Dominion of Canada77. in due course: in due time, at the suitable / proper time
I will answer all your questions in due course.
After they were engaged, the wedding followed in due course.
Detailed Study of the Text
concur: 1) agree, express agreement
She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur with her in this matter.
2) (of events, etc) happen together; coincide
Everything concurred to produce the desired result.
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78. irrevocable: that cannot be changed once started
The decision to close the business is irrevocable.
revoke: (fml) withdraw or cancelto revoke orders, promisesHis driving license was revoked after the crash.
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79. resolved: be firm and fixed in purpose
She was resolved to become a ballet dancer.
The government is resolved upon / on the 10-year programme.
Detailed Study of the Text80. vestige: trace, mark or sign of sth. that once existed but has passed away or disappeared
After the flood, not a vestige of the buildings remained.
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82. rid… of: make free from a burden or sth. Undesirable
We wish to rid the country of corruption.
How could we rid the house of mosquitoes / rats?
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84. yoke: Here: power, control, crushing burden
86. appeal: 1) to make a strong request for help, support, etc.
He appeals me for help.The government is appealing to the world to rescue its people from the disaster.
Detailed Study of the Text2) to please, attract, to move the feelings
words appealing to the sensesHis oration does not appeal to the head so much as to the heart of the audience.
Detailed Study of the Text87. pursue: to follow closelyThe beggars pursued the travellers.
The plainclothesmen are pursuing an escaped prisoner.
Detailed Study of the Text89. creed: religious belief90. divergence: disagreement,
difference, splittingdiverge: to go out in different
directions I'm afraid our opinions diverge from
each other (from a common starting point).
Detailed Study of the Text91. slacken: to make or become
weak, to reduce in activity, force, or in tightness
Don't slacken your efforts till the work is done.
92. doom: terrible fate, unavoidable destruction or death
to meet / to go to / to be sent to one's doom
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94. fortify: to strengthen against possible attack, to strengthen mentally or morally
to fortify a dam against floodto fortify one's theory with facts95. rescue: to save from harm or
danger
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96. tyranny: oppressive power, the use of cruel or unjust power to rule a country
tyrant: a ruler who rules cruelly and unjustly
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98. moralize: to teach moral lessonsDo stop moralizing!101. lust: strong evil desire lust for gold lust for power lust for battle ( 穷兵黩武 )
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102. impel: force, drive, push103. lure: to attract, temptThe cheap prices lured the passers-
by. the lure of women / power / moneyKeep him away from the lure of
alcohol.
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104. outrage: a very wrong or cruel act which causes great anger
The use of H-bombs would be an outrage against humanity.
105. hurl: to throw with force, to throw out violently
hurl a spear at the enemyhurl a brick through the window
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106. penalty: punishment for breaking a law, rule, or agreement
Fishing in this pond is forbidden, penalty $5.
107. prelude : Here, an event that serves as an introduction, that paves the way for his planned invasion.
Detailed Study of the Text 108. accomplish: to fulfil, to succeed in reaching a stage in a progression
109. intervene: to come in between, to step in so as to halt or settle a quarrel or conflict
The argument between the two boys became so fierce that Dad had to intervene.
Detailed Study of the Textan armed intervention (武装干预 )
cf: interfere: come into
opposition, get in the way
to interfere in other
country's internal affairs
an armed interference ( 武装干涉 )
Detailed Study of the Text
110. thrive and prosper:thrive: to succeed, to grow strong and healthy
Children thrive on milk / in the country air.
His business is thriving.prosper: to succeed, to do well success
prosperous economy
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111. conquer： take possession of (sth) by force
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
defeat (an enemy, a rival, etc)Chinese women’s volleyball team conquered its main rivals in the first round of the competition.
Detailed Study of the Text(fig) overcome (an obstacle)The mountain was not conquered until 1953.
Smallpox has finally been conquered.
conqueror： William the Conqueror, ie. King William I of England
conquest ： the Norman Conquest, ie. of England by the Normans
Detailed Study of the Text
112. subjugate: to bring under control, She dominated him and subjugated his will completely.
subjugate the oppositionsubjugation: the state of being conquered, the act of taking power over
The villain cowed the poor man into subjugation.
Detailed Study of the Text
113. hearth: the area around the fire in one's home
hearth and home: (poetic) home and its comforts
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114. exertion: effort, the active use of physical or mental power to produce a desired result
The doctor says he must avoid all exertion.
In spite of all his exertion, he failed to penetrate his way into the bus.
Structural Analysis
Part I: a piece of narrationBackground of the speechPart II. the speech properan argument or persuasionSection 1: The Nazi regime… horrors upon mankind…
Scenario on both sides of the border. To arouse emotion.
IV. Structural Analysis
Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources.
What we should do.Section 3: This is no time…life and power remain.
Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision.
RhetoricSimile: a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
tenor: the subject of the comparisonVehicle: the image of which this idea is co
nveyed The vehicle is almost always introduced
by the word "like" or "as".
Rhetoric
The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail (vehicle).
The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.
Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.
RhetoricMetaphor: a comparison between two unlike things, but the comparison is implied rather than stated. Contrary to a simile in which the resemblance between two unlike things is clearly stated, in a metaphor nothing is mentioned.
The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form.
Rhetoric
Snow clothes the ground.Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle).Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and
playing, were moving jewels.Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) .The ship ploughed the sea.Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle)
Rhetoric
Metaphor:They will be rounded up in hordes.
I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...
Means of existence is wrung from the soil...
Rhetoric
Metaphor:cataract of horrorsrid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke
The scene will be clear for the final act.
Rhetoric
Alliteration:dull, drilled, docile...for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking...
Assonance:
the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words
clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on
like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...
easier and safer prey
Repetition:
We have but one aim and one single purpose
nothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never
negotiate...This is our policy and this is our
declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastly
Parallelism:The past, with its crimes, its follies,
and its tragedies...I see,...I see... I see…the return of the bread-winner,
of their champion, of their protector
Rhetoric
We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the airAny man or state... Any man or state...Let us... Let us...
Noun phrases:I had not the slightest doubt
where ...With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences:When I awoke on...invasion of
Russia.If Hitler imagines that...
woefully mistaken.
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