Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.

Lesson 5

Speech on Hitler's

Invasion of

the U.S.S.R

Background Information

U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

World War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945) The conflict resulted from the rise

of totalitarian, fascism in German, Japan and Italy

Background Information:

July 7. 1937 Japan invaded Central China.Sep. 1938 Munich Pact, which sacrificed

much of Czechoslovakia to Germany

Aug. 1939Russia-Germany non-aggression

pactSept. 1, 1939German invasion of Poland Sept. 3, 1939France and Britain declared war on

Germany, officially beginning W W II


June 22, 1940France surrendered. Aug-Oct. 1940The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900) Jun 22. 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union.

I. Background Information: Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbour Sept. 1943 the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy

surrendered. May 7. 1945 Germany surrendered unconditionally. Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender.

Adolph Hitler (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of the National

Socialist German Workers‘ Party, was born an Austrian.


1920 the Nazi Party1933 Chancellor 1934the union of the presidency and

chancellorship in Hitler's person, the FührerTHE THIRD REICH ( 第三帝国）


1944 an assassination attempt April 29, 1945married his long-time mistress, Eva

BraunApril 30, 1945committed suicide


Nazi: National sozialistthe National Socialist German Workers' Party

Elite Corps, black guards党卫军、黑衫党

Background Information: GESTAPO: secret state police

BLITZ: lightning war

Swastika


Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965)

1953 won the Nobel Prize in Literature1955 refusing the title of duke

Winston Churchill

1874.11.30 – 1965.1.24

1940.5– 1945.5 1st term as P.M.

1951.10-1955.1 2nd term as P.M.

Stylemasterpieces of orationhighly persuasive and convincingeloquent: forceful expressions,

structure, words with abstract meaning

emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passion

Rhetorical devices:

ParallelismRepetition

Rhetorical devices

Noun phrases: with great rapidity and violence

Imperative sentences:let us…, let us…

Inverted sentences:News was brought to me…

Structural Analysis

Part I: a piece of narrationBackground of the speechPart II. the speech properan argument or persuasionSection 1: The Nazi regime…

horrors upon mankind…

Structural Analysis

Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources.

What we should do.Section 3: This is no time…life and power

remain.Further persuasion, to convince the

audience of the justification of the decision.

Detailed Study of the Text

1. awaken ： wake up


2. conviction: a very firm and sincere belief

Conviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty.

I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.

His political convictions are radical.


3. certainty: the state of being definite or having no doubts

(here) a clearly established fact It's a certainty that this horse will

win in the race.4. compose: to write


5. lie: exist, be found, reside6. presently: before long, shortly,

soon7. hasten: move fast8. On an enormous front: on a

large scale9: a large portion: a large part

Detailed Study of the Text 10. ground: (of pilot or plane) to stay

on the groundThe ship grounded on a hidden

sandbank in the shallow water.grounded on the airfield: lying still

on the airfield11: drive forward: to advance


12. round up: to gather together scattered animals, to collect together animals that are scattered

A cowboy rounds up the cattle.


13. horde: a large number or crowd, throng

a horde of locustsWhen a contemptuous term is

desired, it is preferred to crowd and throng, esp, when implying rude, rough or savage character.

Detailed Study of the Text14. consult: to go to a person, a

book for advice, information or opinion

The Prime Minister consulted his Cabinet on a variety of questions.

Have you consulted the doctor about your illness?

to consult a dictionary

Detailed Study of the Text14. issue:the point at which an

unsettled matter is ready for a decision

major issues of principlethe act of publishing or officially

giving out or making availableHave you seen the latest issue of

the magazine?


15. the War Cabinet 16:Chequers 17. account: description

Detailed Study of the Text 18. count on: depend on, expect, take

into account If there is anything I can do, count on

me. I think we can count on Mr White to

support us. 19. enlist: win the support of, get the help

or sympathy Can I enlist your help in collecting the

money for victims of the tsunami?


20. sympathy: feeling of support, pity and tenderness

21. go all out: to spare no effort, to make one's utmost effort

We will go all out to support the development of the west.


22. be true of: be the same case, be suitable to

What he says of women is true of men.

People in cities have larger houses now, and the same is true of the living condition in the countryside.


24. revert to: to go back to a former subject, talk about again

The pressure made him revert to his old habit of smoking.

Shall we revert to our previous topic?

25. arch: principal, chief arch- angel, bishop, criminal, enemy, rebel, rival, etc.


26. not bowing down in the House of Rimmon:

Q: You are not doing sth. against your own beliefs, are you?

A: No, not at all.

Detailed Study of the TextRimmon:a deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus.

Syrian Captain Naaman had leprosy.

His Israeli servant told Elisha, a prophet God.

Elisha told Naaman to wash in the Jordan River 7 times and thus he was cured.


Naaman therefore had faith in God and convert to Christianity.

But being a Syrian, he had to follow his King to worship in the House of Rimmon.

Elisha granted him permission to do so.


bow down in the house of Rimmon: you do sth. outwardly with mental reservation


27. thereby: by that means, by doing or saying that

Our body can sweat, thereby losing heat by evaporation.

A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power.

Detailed Study of the Text28. Devil - Satan, most powerful evil

spirit, the source of evil in the world.29. make a reference (n.) refer to (v.)


31. to the effect: with the information that, meaning that

He had a telegram to the effect that his mother is dead.

A rumour was in the air to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties.


32. comment: remark expressing an opinion, judgement (written or spoken)

33. regime: a type or form of government, often derog.

a corrupt regimeHe was tortured under the Saddam regime.

Under the old regime women could not vote.


34. feature: quality, characteristic, sth. that set apart one thing / person from others

Monopoly is the key feature of imperialism.

The dominant feature on his face is the brandy nose.


35. devoid of: (fml) lacking in, complete without, empty of

He is complete devoid of human feelings.

The word “vacuum” refers to space entirely devoid of matter.

36. theme: (Here in the text) basic good value, virtue, ideal, unifying idea


37. appetite: a strong desire to conquer

38. racial domination: the state of having controlling power over the other races by the Aryan nation

Aryan’s superiorityracial equality / discriminationracism / racist


dominate: have controlling influence or power over, have the most important place or position

She completely dominates the family and makes all the decisions.

The dominant political party of the country is socialist.


39. excel: surpass, be superior to, outdo, exceed

He excels in music and art / courage / at football.

40. wickedness: badness, evil41. efficient: working well, quick and

without waste42. ferocious: fierce, cruel, and violent

Detailed Study of the TextThe Nazi regime is extremely cruel. It

has invaded other countries in the most savage way. The invasions are so effective that they surpass all other kind of human cruelty.

The Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries, in this respect it is worse than any other known form of evil.

Detailed Study of the Text 42. consistent: constant, faithful,

continually keeping to the same principles

When you make a sentence, the subject and the verb should be consistent.

He reaffirmed the government's consistent policy of opposing racial discrimination.

Detailed Study of the Text43. opponent: one who is on the

opposite side in a contest or in a conflict

44. unfold: (lit.) to become clear, more fully known

He gradually unfolded her plan to them.

As the investigation goes on, the intrigue behind the dirty deal slowly unfold.

Detailed Study of the Text47. folly: (fml) foolishness, unwise

actThe old man smiled sadly as he

remembered the follies of his youth.50. immemorial: going beck beyond

the reach of memory51. champion: person who fights for,

supports strongly, or defends a principle, a movement, person, etc.


52. means of existence: (Here) food and clothing to keep people alive, things for people to survive

53. wring (wrung): to press hard on, squeeze, to twist, to get by force

to wring water from the wet clothesHis sad story wrung our hearts.

Detailed Study of the Text 54. hardly: (rare) with effort or

difficulty, with force, in a severe manner

55. primordial: fundamental and primitive, basic

primordial joys: pleasures shared commonly by all human beings

Detailed Study of the Text 57. hideous: ugly, morally offensive,

very wickeda hideous crime / criminal58. clank: metallic sound made by

the swords and sabres ( 军刀 )The prisoner’s ankle chains clanked.clicking: the sound of spurs (马剌 )

and the metal piece underneath the soles


59. dandy: a person who gives too much attention to dress

cf: playboy: a person who devotes his life in pursuit of pleasure

dandified: dressed like a dandyHere: German officers in uniforms

with shoulder boards, insignias (勋章 ) and decorations

60. crafty: cleverly deceitful, cunning, foxy


61. fresh from: recently arrived, returned

They are mostly young people fresh from school.

62. cow: to bring under control by violence or threats

The gang of pickpockets were cowed by the sight of a cop.

The smaller boys were cowed by the class bully.

Detailed Study of the Text63. tie down: A person who ties you down restricts your freedom.

(here) to enslave 64. dull: stupid, not cleverA dull speech / city / person65. docile: easily taught or led, obedient, easy to manage

66. brutish: brutal, beast-like


67. Hun: (derog. offensive) German soldier

68. plod: to continue to walk slowly along a road, with difficulty and great effort

69. swarm: a large group (of insects moving in a mass), throng

Detailed Study of the Text71. smart: feel painful in one part of the body

The place where he had cut his knee was smarting.

He was still smarting under / over her unkind words.

72. prey: victim, a person or animal killed or hunted

Detailed Study of the Text74. villain: a mean person who is

completely given to crime, evil, a thoroughly wicked man

75. cataract: large steep waterfall, overwhelming downpour

cataract of horrors: unparalleled miseries


76. dominion: a self-governing nation of the British Commonwealth

the Dominion of Canada77. in due course: in due time, at the suitable / proper time

I will answer all your questions in due course.

After they were engaged, the wedding followed in due course.


concur: 1) agree, express agreement

She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur with her in this matter.

2) (of events, etc) happen together; coincide

Everything concurred to produce the desired result.


78. irrevocable: that cannot be changed once started

The decision to close the business is irrevocable.

revoke: (fml) withdraw or cancelto revoke orders, promisesHis driving license was revoked after the crash.


79. resolved: be firm and fixed in purpose

She was resolved to become a ballet dancer.

The government is resolved upon / on the 10-year programme.

Detailed Study of the Text80. vestige: trace, mark or sign of sth. that once existed but has passed away or disappeared

After the flood, not a vestige of the buildings remained.


82. rid… of: make free from a burden or sth. Undesirable

We wish to rid the country of corruption.

How could we rid the house of mosquitoes / rats?


84. yoke: Here: power, control, crushing burden

86. appeal: 1) to make a strong request for help, support, etc.

He appeals me for help.The government is appealing to the world to rescue its people from the disaster.

Detailed Study of the Text2) to please, attract, to move the feelings

words appealing to the sensesHis oration does not appeal to the head so much as to the heart of the audience.

Detailed Study of the Text87. pursue: to follow closelyThe beggars pursued the travellers.

The plainclothesmen are pursuing an escaped prisoner.

Detailed Study of the Text89. creed: religious belief90. divergence: disagreement,

difference, splittingdiverge: to go out in different

directions I'm afraid our opinions diverge from

each other (from a common starting point).

Detailed Study of the Text91. slacken: to make or become

weak, to reduce in activity, force, or in tightness

Don't slacken your efforts till the work is done.

92. doom: terrible fate, unavoidable destruction or death

to meet / to go to / to be sent to one's doom


94. fortify: to strengthen against possible attack, to strengthen mentally or morally

to fortify a dam against floodto fortify one's theory with facts95. rescue: to save from harm or

danger


96. tyranny: oppressive power, the use of cruel or unjust power to rule a country

tyrant: a ruler who rules cruelly and unjustly


98. moralize: to teach moral lessonsDo stop moralizing!101. lust: strong evil desire lust for gold lust for power lust for battle ( 穷兵黩武 )


102. impel: force, drive, push103. lure: to attract, temptThe cheap prices lured the passers-

by. the lure of women / power / moneyKeep him away from the lure of

alcohol.


104. outrage: a very wrong or cruel act which causes great anger

The use of H-bombs would be an outrage against humanity.

105. hurl: to throw with force, to throw out violently

hurl a spear at the enemyhurl a brick through the window


106. penalty: punishment for breaking a law, rule, or agreement

Fishing in this pond is forbidden, penalty $5.

107. prelude : Here, an event that serves as an introduction, that paves the way for his planned invasion.

Detailed Study of the Text 108. accomplish: to fulfil, to succeed in reaching a stage in a progression

109. intervene: to come in between, to step in so as to halt or settle a quarrel or conflict

The argument between the two boys became so fierce that Dad had to intervene.

Detailed Study of the Textan armed intervention (武装干预 )

cf: interfere: come into

opposition, get in the way

to interfere in other

country's internal affairs

an armed interference ( 武装干涉 )


110. thrive and prosper:thrive: to succeed, to grow strong and healthy

Children thrive on milk / in the country air.

His business is thriving.prosper: to succeed, to do well success

prosperous economy


111. conquer： take possession of (sth) by force

The Normans conquered England in 1066.

defeat (an enemy, a rival, etc)Chinese women’s volleyball team conquered its main rivals in the first round of the competition.

Detailed Study of the Text(fig) overcome (an obstacle)The mountain was not conquered until 1953.

Smallpox has finally been conquered.

conqueror： William the Conqueror, ie. King William I of England

conquest ： the Norman Conquest, ie. of England by the Normans


112. subjugate: to bring under control, She dominated him and subjugated his will completely.

subjugate the oppositionsubjugation: the state of being conquered, the act of taking power over

The villain cowed the poor man into subjugation.


113. hearth: the area around the fire in one's home

hearth and home: (poetic) home and its comforts


114. exertion: effort, the active use of physical or mental power to produce a desired result

The doctor says he must avoid all exertion.

In spite of all his exertion, he failed to penetrate his way into the bus.

Structural Analysis

Part I: a piece of narrationBackground of the speechPart II. the speech properan argument or persuasionSection 1: The Nazi regime… horrors upon mankind…

Scenario on both sides of the border. To arouse emotion.

IV. Structural Analysis

Section 2: I have to declare the…in determination and in resources.

What we should do.Section 3: This is no time…life and power remain.

Further persuasion, to convince the audience of the justification of the decision.

RhetoricSimile: a comparison between two unlike things having at least one quality or characteristic in common.

tenor: the subject of the comparisonVehicle: the image of which this idea is co

nveyed The vehicle is almost always introduced

by the word "like" or "as".

Rhetoric

The bus (tenor) went as slowly similarity as a snail (vehicle).

The water lay grey and wrinkled like an elephant's skin.

Her eyes were jet black, and her hair was like a waterfall.

RhetoricMetaphor: a comparison between two unlike things, but the comparison is implied rather than stated. Contrary to a simile in which the resemblance between two unlike things is clearly stated, in a metaphor nothing is mentioned.

The essential form of a metaphor is X is Y, and all forms of metaphor can be condensed into this form.

Rhetoric

Snow clothes the ground.Snow (X---tenor) is clothe (Y---vehicle).Boys and girls, tumbling in the streets and

playing, were moving jewels.Boy (X---tenor) is jewel (Y---vehicle) .The ship ploughed the sea.Ship (X --- tenor) is plough (Y ---vehicle)

Rhetoric

Metaphor:They will be rounded up in hordes.

I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold...

Means of existence is wrung from the soil...

Rhetoric

Metaphor:cataract of horrorsrid the earth of his shadow...liberate people from his yoke

The scene will be clear for the final act.

Rhetoric

Alliteration:dull, drilled, docile...for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking...

Assonance:

the use of the same or related, vowel sounds in successive words

clanking, heel-clicking,…cowing and tying ...plodding on

like crawling locusts, ...smarting from many a British whipping...

easier and safer prey

Repetition:

We have but one aim and one single purpose

nothing will turn us---nothingWe will never parley, we will never

negotiate...This is our policy and this is our

declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastly

Parallelism:The past, with its crimes, its follies,

and its tragedies...I see,...I see... I see…the return of the bread-winner,

of their champion, of their protector

Rhetoric

We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the airAny man or state... Any man or state...Let us... Let us...

Noun phrases:I had not the slightest doubt

where ...With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences:When I awoke on...invasion of

Russia.If Hitler imagines that...

woefully mistaken.

Lesson 5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.

Documents

mankind slide

passion slide

r slide

reich slide

background information

parallelism repetition

committed suicide slide

title of duke slide