Lecture 1 “History and Evolution of Computers” Informatics.
Post on 17-Dec-2015
239 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Content
• Gradation policy
• Extra information
• Early history of computers
• Modern history of computers
• Modern computers
• Future of computers
Gradation Policy
• Attendance -10 %
•Quizzes -20%
• Tasks- 20%
•Midterm-20%
• Final-30%
Mark distribution:
First 30% includes: 2 quizzes (10%), midterm(20%)
Second 30% includes: 2 quizzes (10%),tasks (20%)
Final 40% includes: final exam(30%), attendance(10%)
Extra Information
• Site – linux.sdu/~aigerim (from intranet)
• Site- instructor.sdu.edu.kz/~aigerim (from internet)
• Email: aigerim.sagandykova@sdu.edu.kz
Early History
“Necessity is the mother of invention”, famous saying formed the basis of modern computers
ABACUS:Very first computing device
“ABACUS ” also called Soroban invented in 600 BC was the first computing device
Napier Rods:Napier Rods was a card board
multiplication calculator. It was designed in early 17th century
PASCALINE
1642: Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invented the first operating model of mechanical digital calculator using gears, called the Arithmetic Machine “PASCALINE”
It was for addition, subtraction, and multiplication and division
Charles Babbage’s: DIFFERENCE ENGINE & ANALYTICAL ENGINE
Charles is “The Father of Computers”
1822: His great invention “Difference Engine ” was to perform mathematical calculations
It was fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program
1842: “The Analytical Engine” was a automatic machine. It could do 60 addition per minute
The idea of analytical engine served as a base of modern digital computers
Punched Cards
1890: Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first electromechanical, punched-card data processing machine
His company would eventually become International Business Machine (IBM)
This paper based machine represents the origin of computer database software
Z3
1941: Conrad Zeus dorm Germany, introduced the first programmable computer
It solved complex engineering equations
It was also first to work on the binary system instead of decimal system
First generation of computers (1942-1955)
Features:
First generation computers were based on vacuum tubes which were glass (tubes) that controlled and amplified the electronics signals
ENIAC
1946: The ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) machine was developed by John W.Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania
It was developed for military need
ENIAC
It used 18,000 vacuum tubes
Punch-card input
Weighed thirty tons and occupied a thirty-by-fifty-foot space
First Generation of Computers(1942-1955)
EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic calculator) 1949
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 1951
Second Generation of Computers(1955-1964)
Features:
Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. Transistor is a small device that transfer electronic signals through resistors
IBM 1400
1961: The IBM 1400 Series were a major breakthrough for IBM
The first computer in this series was IBM 1401
The system contained many peripherals which included a new high-speed printer. This printer could print 600 lines per minute
Third Generation of Computers(1965-1975)
In this generation microelectronics technology was introduced that made it possible to integrate large number of circuit elements into very small surface of silicon known as a chips. This new technology was called INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ICs)
Fourth Generation of Computers(1976-1989)
In this generation microprocessors were used. Microprocessor is small chip containing thousands of ICs on it. It greatly reduced the size of the computer.
Apple I and Apple II
1976: Jobs and Wozniak designed and built the Apple I computer
Then the following year 1977 introduced the Apple II microcomputer
These both have characteristics of a PC
IBM PC
In 1980, IBM tossed its hat into the personal computer, easily fit on a table or desk
They were available in taller or narrow size and have common features of personal computers
Fifth Generation of Computers(1990-onwards)
ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) and networks like LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) are used in this generation. Mobile computers are introduced
top related