Transcript
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.
..
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-
.
(.) 1..
.. - -
[ ] -, [] [] - .. - 2
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ t ] [ b ] [ 6 ] - [t ] linguistic interference
: , , , , -, - , - ,
1
2 - - .. 2436 (kerning) ( )-,()-, ()- (-) ( -)
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- -
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Lahu-Garu Thai Phonetic Alphabet-Pi
Professor Emeritus Vichin Panupong, Ph.D.
Associate Fellow of the AcademyThe Royal Institute
Abstract
The system of transliterating and transcribing Pisound into Siam-script used in King
Chulachomklao of Siam Pi Tipiaka 1893 Edition is an eective way of philological
recording of the Pi Tipiaka. The pronunciation and denition of Pi sound in the 1893
Edition were well-preserved to be as close as possible to those in the original Pi sound
as convened in the First Great Tipiaka Council over 2500 years ago. With reference
to the Siam Phonetic Alphabet-Pi introduced by the King of Siam in the
above-mentioned Tipiaka, and following Kaccyanavykarana-Pi Grammar,
this article further explains a phonetic symbol of /a/ ( ) vowel in theSiam Phonetic Alphabet-Pi as orthographic symbol which distinctively separates
nal /a/ and cluster /a/ from one another; i.e, [ ]Mai-a() uniquely signies /a/ sound,
[ N] or Mai Wanchakarn() signies a nal /a/, and [
]or Mai Yamakkarn() signies a cluster sound. This Siam Phonetic Alphabet-Piwith Mai-a()is instrumental in developing the orthographic system of the Thai Phonetic Alphabet-Pi,
a set of which has been proposed to the Academy of Arts and was published in the Journal
of the Royal Institute of Thailand in 2012. Beneting from that, this article introduces a
new Lahu-Garuorthographic system for Pi as well as a set of symbols for transcribing
lahu(quick) and garu(long) sounds. Lahu symbol is dened here as a vowel sound quickly
pronounced and lightly printed [ ] [ ] [ ]. Garu symbol means a vowel sound pronouncedlonger and printed in bold [t ] [b ] [ 6 ]. These phonetic symbols help enhance accuracy inwriting and reading Piand transcribing into the Lahu-Garu Thai Phonetic Alphabet-Pi
[t ]. Furthermore, this new approach also helps solve the problem of linguisticinterference of the Thai alphabet in writing and reading the Pisound.
Keywords : Pi, transliteration, transcription, orthography, Kaccyanavykarana-Pi,
Mai-a Siam Phonetic Alphabet-Pi,Lahu-Garu Thai Phonetic Alphabet-Pi,
linguistic interference
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-
. - .. ( ) (-) () () (-) (-) ( ) (-) (-) (-) -, -, - [] []
[
] - -
- - ..
( ) .. .. -
- (.).. (saddaakkhara)
( ) (transcription) saddaakkhara (AEC) - (sadda) (saddanti) - () - . .. ()
(.. ) .. - , .. -
. , . - - ..
.. , .. - .. .. .
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-( ) -()
.
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. - - .. ()
- -
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-
- .. -
( . - )
2
1
( . - )
( . - )
4
( . - )
9
10
8
3
( . - , )
.. -
( . - )
( . - )
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. - -. -
-
( -) - [] - - - [ t 6 F] [ ] (- ) ..- .. .. )
. - . ( ) - - (- ) .. - (-) - [y ]
.. - - ()-(-) - [t] ( - ) [t] - [6y]
.. - ( - ) - [] - [6y] -
. ( ) -
-
( + )+ (-)
[b ]
- ( ) ( ), ( ), ( -)
. ( ) -
(-) [y ty] - [y ty ] - [g]
- [t
y
y]. () -
(, , ) -
(-) - - - [b 6yy ]
- - - [gtb]- - - [b6 ]
( ) ..
.. ..
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() , - - - [g] [g-]
() , ()
- - - [g ] ()[ -][-b][-6]
()
, () -
- - [t b g]
() -
- - [t ] [-] [-t]
() ,
() -
- - [bbb F t t ]
[-t][-b] ()
()- - - [ g b][ b g t] [-b][-t]
() ()
- -
[bbb F t t ]
() , ()
- - - [bbb F t t ]
[- b] () -
- - [t t ] [t t ]
-/ -
:
..
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- -
. .. -
-
-
[ F] - ()
:
[ ]
[y] () :
[ ] :
[
6
] -[] () :
[ ]- - ()
- () [ ]
:
[ g ] - - - ()
- - : [ ]
[ ]
( ) - ()-
:
[ ] - ()(linkage mark) :
[t 6 F] [-]
()
- ()(linkage mark) :
[ t ] [b ] [6
]
[ ] [-] () :
[6 g] - - - ()(linkage mark) - - ()
: [ t F]
[ ][b][ 6]
- [] ()
: / ()/ () ()
-
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()(Pi) - -
- -
-
--
[ ] + [ ] ,
[ ] + [ ] ()
[ ] + [ ] ,
[] + [] ()
[t6 F] + [t6F] ,
[ 6F] + [ 6F] ()
[t ] -+ [t ] ,
[] - + [] ()
[b] + [b ] ,
[b
] + [b
] ()
[6 ] -+ [6] ,
[6] - + [6] ()
[ ] +- [ ] ,
[ ] +- [ ] ()
[6 g] + [6g] ,
[6 g] + [6 g] ()
[tF] -+ [tF] ,
[F] -+ [ F] ()
(Transliteration) - ( ) - (Transcription) - (Linguistic Interference)
..
,
-
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. -(.)
-
- -
(.)
- - (.) ( )
( .. ) (.) ( ) ( )
- - (.) - - -
- []
- (-) (Linguistic Interference) - -- ( ) ( )
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- -
- ()
-
- -
()
-
. - - ..
.. .
.. - () [] [t] [t]
[b], [6] -, - [y][b]() . ( ) - [t6F] - - - []
[6F]
[t6F]() ()
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- [y]
nanda n-an-da -nan-da - [ ] . ( ) [t] -
kalya kal-ya ka-lya -- ,,-
[g] [6g] [F] ( )
- -
!"!" #$#%#$#%
+!"!,
'$''$'$''$
+$%$&$",
'(')*'(')*$$
+$&$'&(",!"
!"!"++,, #$#%#$#%
+!"!,--
-#)#)
+!',--
-.#).#)
+)!&!',/0)#%/0)#%
+!*&+'!,'$''$'$''$
+$%$&$",1/23$##/''$1/23$##/''$
+,*&-%!&!*$&$",
'(')*)4.'%'(')*)4.'%
+$&$' &('&).$,--
-3%#/3%#/
+#/&!*,1)1)
+,',
#/'(')*#/'(')*$$
+!*&$&$' &(",.#/'(')*.#/'(')*$$
+)!&!*&$&$'&(",/0/'(')*/0/'(')*$$
+!*&+*&$&$' &(",
- - ..
- - ..
6565 tato
sassa
..ssya.
65
6565-11 tato
t
et
imto
sassa
vibhattissa
ssydeso
hoti
..v.
,,tissya,
,,etissya,
..imissya.
[6 ]
[6 ]
[ ]
[6 ]
[6 ]
[ ]
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a
i
u
e
o
k
kh
g
gh
c
ch
j
jh
h
h
t
th
d
dh
n
p
ph
b
bh
m
y
r
l
v
s
h
a
iu
,
[]
[] [] []
[] []
[] [] []
[] [] []
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[] [] []
[] [] [] []
[]
[] [] []
[] []
()
[]
-
..
-
[
-] [-] [ -] [ -
] [ -
] [ - ] [ - ] [
-]
[
-]
[-t] [ -y ] [ - ] [ -b] [ -u ] [ -6 ] [-^ ] [g- ] [F-]
..
,
-
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- [] - -
-
-- (- ) -
-
-
* / [][]/[t][] [][ -
]
,[-
]
-[- ], 1
(-)
/
-
[-] (1)
[][][]
- -
-
-
-
[] -
[]
- - - [t-][-]-
-
(-)
(-)
[t]-
[t] -
- - - [ -y][-]- [ -]
-
(-) -
(- )
[ -y] -
- - - [t ][-]- [- ]
-
(-)
/
(- )
[t] , [] -
,
[-][- ]
-
(-)
-
(- )
[]-
..
,
**
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- -. (Transliteration)
-
.. - (Pi Transcription) . -
- [ -] [-]
. -
(Phonetic Alphabet) b d (Phonetic Symbol) [ - ] - (---) - [ ]
. - - [ ] [ ] - ,- [ -][ -] - [], [],[] .
Linguistic Interference - . - .. - .. .. (variant) -
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1. Mahsagti Tipiaka Buddhavasse 2500 (40 Vols.). Bangkok. The M.L. Maniratana BunnagDhamma Society Fund under Patronage of Somdet Phra asavara the Supreme Patriarchof Thailand, 2010.
2. .. 112 (39 ). , 2436.
3. (45 ). . , 2536.
4. (45 ). . , 2506.
5. . () Abhidhammapiaka Roman-script 9. []. . .. 19, 2548-2550.
6. . ( ) . .. 9. []. . .. 19, 2552.
7. Kaccyanamahthera. Kaccyanavykaraa (Burmese script). Yangon. The Department for thePromotion and Propagation of the Ssan, 1993.
8. Kaccyanamahthera. Kaccyanavykaraa (Sinhala script). Colombo. Viddayasakara
Printing, 1913.
9. Kaccyanamahthera. Kaccyanavykaraa (Roman script). Colombo. Sri Lanka Tipitaka
Project SLTP, 2012.
10. . (). . , 2472.
11. . (). . , 2540.
12. . (). (kaccyanavykarana SLTP) -. .. 19, 2558.
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13. The Mukhamattadpan with the Kaccyana. Terunnanse,Weliwitiye.Colombo, 1898.
14. . . , 34(4), 2552.
15. . . , 37(2) 247-263, 2555.
16. .. 2436 (- - ) bhikkhuptimokkhapi. . .. 19, 2558.
17. bhikkhuptimokkhapi The World Tipiaka : The Pi Phonetic Edition from the
trascription of the 1893 Edition, Printed in Parellel Corpus (Roman Alphabet-Pi and
Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pi) bhikkhuptimokkhapi and [bikkuptimokkapi].
Bangkok. The M.L. Manirattana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under Patronage of His
Holiless Somdej Phra aasavara, the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, 2015.
18. ..2436 (- -) [] [bikkuptimokkapi]. . .. 19, 2558.
19. ..2436 (- -) [bikkuptimokkapi] []. . .. 19, 2558.
20. (- - ) [].. .. 19, 2558.
21. (- - )x x [] .
. .. 19, 2558.
22. (- -)ZdufckyKwdarKufcyKVd[]. . .. 19, 2558.
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23. (- - ) [].. .. 19, 2558.
24. (- - ) $bd [GWbg,kd[G> b [].. .. 19, 2558.
25. (- - ) [].. .. 19, 2558.
26. (- -)bhikkhuptimokkhapi [].. .. 19, 2558.
27. -/- . .. 19,2558.
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