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A

D .H. I , . .E

Bismillah Membangun Generasi Khaira Ummah

( B )

A

C :

G

. A ,

C1 C4 , .

B 2 , ; 6, C4 C7

. ( )

, . ., .

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.

A 20 ' , . I

.

,

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.

3 ,

. B 18 24 ,

C4 C7 6 .

, ,

,

; , .

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H I : C 1

6 : C 3 A : C 4 7

A

Narrowest point = cricoid cartilageINFANT

ADULT

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F

C ( )

(A)

, ,

E

F

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Walls of the laryngeal cavity:-

Mucousmembrane

intact on thisside

Mucousmembrane

removed on thisside

Vestibular fold

True vocal fold (Vocal cord)

Vestibular ligament :(inferior free margin ofquadrangularmembrane)

Vocal ligament:(superior free marginof conus elasticus)

C

, ,

A I

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C C

. 2 3

,

.

I &

B A

360 ,

E ,

& ,

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H

I

F E

E

E

E B

, . &

F

C

C

E

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C

C , ,

, .

G

G C ,

A 2/3

1/3

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B 5 C

C

A ,

B CA & CA

A

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.

.

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31

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx:-

,

, :

. F

. A .

A

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.

.

, :

( ) .

I

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C

A F

Muscles that abduct the vocal cords :

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Muscles that adduct the vocal cords: & .

Muscles that tense& relax the vocal cords:

C ( )

( )

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Muscles that close the laryngeal inlet:

&

. F

.

A

.

A :I

B : .

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: D I

I I ,

,

. : I .

E I

.

I

. I

. I

. ,

,

.

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. A.

. I . A. I .

.

B

I

C E

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C

A

C

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F H

F , ,

A

C

H A

K

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Impaired Movement of Vocal Folds

Cricoarytenoid joint dysfunction Trauma associated with endotracheal intubation

Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage Surgical injury and tumor compression

G I

, ,

( )

Cricoarytenoid Joint Dysfunction

The mechanism of arytenoid dislocation motor reactions during endotracheal intubation, or directtrauma to the cricoarytenoid joints leading to joint cavityhemorrhage. The frequency has been reported to be 0.023%.

Risk factors the use of lighted stylet, laryngeal mask airway and McCoy

laryngoscope, endotracheal intubation with double lumentube and cases of difficult intubation

Mikuni I, et al . Br J Anaesth 2006, 96(1): 136-138.

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Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage

The mechanism of recurrent laryngeal nervedamage Direct injury or indirect compression of the nerve

or it proximal innervation (vagus nerve)

Risk factors Injury, tumors, or surgery in the neck and upper

chest.

I

(

)

.

, .

.

B I

. C

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E C

I

( )

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Intubation Technique

Effect Of Edema

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TERIMA KASIH!