Journal #7 On a sheet of paper draw a venn diagram, we will be comparing/contrasting mitosis and meiosis.

Journal #7

On a sheet of paper draw a venn diagram,

we will be comparing/contrasting

mitosis and meiosis

Monohybrid Crosses, Phenotypes & Genotypes

1. Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring

2. Genetics: Study of heredity

A. Heredity & Genetics

3. Inherited characteristics are called traits

4. Gregor Mendel was the first person to predict how traits are transferred.

A. Used peas because

1. Reproduce sexually

2. Gametes in the same flower

3. Fertilization could be controlled

b. Mendel transferred pollen from plant to plant and then studied resulting peas

c. Studied only one trait at a time

d. Called the “father of genetics”

Seed Shape

Flower Position

Seed CoatColor

Seed Color

Pod Color

Plant Height

PodShape

Round

Wrinkled

Round

Yellow

Green

Gray

White

Smooth

Constricted

Green

Yellow

Axial

Terminal

Tall

Short

Yellow Gray Smooth Green Axial Tall

Section 11-1

Figure 11-3 Mendel’s Seven F1 Crosses on Pea Plants

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Mendel identified 2 laws:

1. The Law of Segregation: explains the disappearance of a trait in the F1 generation and its reappearance in the F2 generation.

Skips a generation

2. The Law of Independent Assortment:genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other if on different chromosomes.

Not all of a persons traits are on one chromosome

C. Phenotypes & Genotypes

1. Phenotype: appearance of an organismExample: short, tall, green, yellow

2. Genotype: gene combination of an organismExample: tt, TT, Tt, gg, GG

1. Heterozygous: the 2 alleles are different, can be called hybridsExample: Tt -heterozygous

2. Homozygous: the 2 alleles are the sameExample: TT means homozygous dominant, and tt means homozygous recessive

Traits can be dominant or recessivei. Dominant traits: exhibited trait,

written with 1 or 2 capital lettersExample: T

ii. Recessive traits: inhibited trait, written with recessive letters (lowercase letters)

Example: t

Monohybrid Crosses1. Crosses that differ by a single trait Example: Tall pea plant x short pea plant

2. The first generation produced offspring resembling only one parent Example: all tall pea plants3. The second generation produced:

a. 3/4 of peas were tallb. 1/4 of peas were short

P Generation F1 Generation F2 Generation

Tall Short Tall TallTall Tall Tall Short

Section 11-1

Principles of Dominance

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4. Mendel concluded that each trait has 2 factors

i. Factors are now called allelesii. Inherit one allele from

mother and one allele from father

Section 11-2

Tt X Tt Cross

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Punnett Squares

Parent

Parent

Offspring go inside the boxes

Section 11-2

Tt X Tt Cross

Go to Section:

Punnett Squares

Phenotype: 3 tall, 1 short

Genotype: TT, Tt, tt

Probability: the chance or percentage of chance of a trait being exhibited

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