Journal #7 On a sheet of paper draw a venn diagram, we will be comparing/contra sting mitosis
Journal #7
On a sheet of paper draw a venn diagram,
we will be comparing/contrasting
mitosis and meiosis
Monohybrid Crosses, Phenotypes & Genotypes
1. Heredity: The passing of traits from parents to offspring
2. Genetics: Study of heredity
A. Heredity & Genetics
3. Inherited characteristics are called traits
4. Gregor Mendel was the first person to predict how traits are transferred.
A. Used peas because
1. Reproduce sexually
2. Gametes in the same flower
3. Fertilization could be controlled
b. Mendel transferred pollen from plant to plant and then studied resulting peas
c. Studied only one trait at a time
d. Called the “father of genetics”
Seed Shape
Flower Position
Seed CoatColor
Seed Color
Pod Color
Plant Height
PodShape
Round
Wrinkled
Round
Yellow
Green
Gray
White
Smooth
Constricted
Green
Yellow
Axial
Terminal
Tall
Short
Yellow Gray Smooth Green Axial Tall
Section 11-1
Figure 11-3 Mendel’s Seven F1 Crosses on Pea Plants
Go to Section:
Mendel identified 2 laws:
1. The Law of Segregation: explains the disappearance of a trait in the F1 generation and its reappearance in the F2 generation.
Skips a generation
2. The Law of Independent Assortment:genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other if on different chromosomes.
Not all of a persons traits are on one chromosome
C. Phenotypes & Genotypes
1. Phenotype: appearance of an organismExample: short, tall, green, yellow
2. Genotype: gene combination of an organismExample: tt, TT, Tt, gg, GG
1. Heterozygous: the 2 alleles are different, can be called hybridsExample: Tt -heterozygous
2. Homozygous: the 2 alleles are the sameExample: TT means homozygous dominant, and tt means homozygous recessive
Traits can be dominant or recessivei. Dominant traits: exhibited trait,
written with 1 or 2 capital lettersExample: T
ii. Recessive traits: inhibited trait, written with recessive letters (lowercase letters)
Example: t
Monohybrid Crosses1. Crosses that differ by a single trait Example: Tall pea plant x short pea plant
2. The first generation produced offspring resembling only one parent Example: all tall pea plants3. The second generation produced:
a. 3/4 of peas were tallb. 1/4 of peas were short
P Generation F1 Generation F2 Generation
Tall Short Tall TallTall Tall Tall Short
Section 11-1
Principles of Dominance
Go to Section:
4. Mendel concluded that each trait has 2 factors
i. Factors are now called allelesii. Inherit one allele from
mother and one allele from father
Section 11-2
Tt X Tt Cross
Go to Section:
Punnett Squares
Parent
Parent
Offspring go inside the boxes
Section 11-2
Tt X Tt Cross
Go to Section:
Punnett Squares
Phenotype: 3 tall, 1 short
Genotype: TT, Tt, tt
Probability: the chance or percentage of chance of a trait being exhibited
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