Jeopardy

Jeopardy Jeopardy Biology 12:Biology 12:

Urinary SystemUrinary System

The Kid The Kid KneeKnee

Ephron’s Ephron’s NephronNephron

Making Making UrineUrine

Making Making More More UrineUrine

YES! YES! More More

Water!Water!

I Gotta I Gotta Go!Go!

NOW!!NOW!!

100 100 100 100 100 100

200 200 200 200 200 200

400 400 400 400 400 400

600 600 600 600 600 600

800 800 800 800 800 800

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

THE KID KNEE! 100THE KID KNEE! 100

Urine collects here in the kidneyUrine collects here in the kidney

Renal pelvisRenal pelvis

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THE KID KNEE! 200THE KID KNEE! 200

This artery carries blood to the kidneyThis artery carries blood to the kidney

The renal arteryThe renal artery

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THE KID KNEE! 400THE KID KNEE! 400

These carry urine from the kidney These carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladderto the urinary bladder

UretersUreters

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THE KID KNEE! 600THE KID KNEE! 600

This process carries urine down the This process carries urine down the ureterureter

PeristalsisPeristalsis Board

THE KID KNEE! 800THE KID KNEE! 800

These are located in the urinary bladder These are located in the urinary bladder and trigger urinationand trigger urination

Stretch receptorsStretch receptors

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THE KID KNEE! 1000THE KID KNEE! 1000

Trace a urea molecule and a glucose Trace a urea molecule and a glucose molecule from the renal artery to the molecule from the renal artery to the urethra/renal veinurethra/renal vein

UREA: UREA: Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT, collecting duct, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, LOH, DCT, collecting duct, ureter, urinary bladder, urethraureter, urinary bladder, urethra

GLUCOSE: GLUCOSE: renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Bowmen’s capsule, PCT, efferent arteriole, renal veinBowmen’s capsule, PCT, efferent arteriole, renal vein

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EPHRON’S NEPHRON! EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 100100This is a delicate ball of capillaries This is a delicate ball of capillaries

GlomerulusGlomerulus

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EPHRON’S NEPHRON! EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 200200This structure starts in the renal This structure starts in the renal

cortex, goes into the renal medulla cortex, goes into the renal medulla but goes back to the renal cortexbut goes back to the renal cortex

Loop of HenleLoop of Henle Board

EPHRON’S NEPHRON! EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 400400This the network of capillaries that are This the network of capillaries that are

branched from the efferent arteriolebranched from the efferent arteriole

Peritubular capillariesPeritubular capillaries

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EPHRON’S NEPHRON! EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 600600These 3 structures are only found These 3 structures are only found

in the renal cortexin the renal cortex

Bowmen’s capsule, PCT and DCTBowmen’s capsule, PCT and DCT

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EPHRON’S NEPHRON! EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 800800Many nephrons join to form one of Many nephrons join to form one of

thesethese

Collecting ductCollecting duct

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EPHRON’S NEPHRON! EPHRON’S NEPHRON! 10001000These parts of a nephron are thicker due to These parts of a nephron are thicker due to

the abundance of transport proteins in the abundance of transport proteins in the lining of the tubulesthe lining of the tubules

PCT, DCT and last portion of the PCT, DCT and last portion of the ascending LOHascending LOH

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MAKING URINE! 100MAKING URINE! 100

Pressure filtration occurs between Pressure filtration occurs between these two structuresthese two structures

Glomerulus and Bowmen’s capsuleGlomerulus and Bowmen’s capsule

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MAKING URINE! MAKING URINE! 200 200

These _________ molecules make up These _________ molecules make up the ________ inside the nephronthe ________ inside the nephron

Small, filtrateSmall, filtrate

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MAKING URINE! 400MAKING URINE! 400

This molecule is required during the This molecule is required during the process of selective re-absorption, process of selective re-absorption, without it, re-absorption would not without it, re-absorption would not happenhappen

ATPATP

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MAKING URINE! 600MAKING URINE! 600

These are an example of molecules that These are an example of molecules that are reabsorbed that do not require ATPare reabsorbed that do not require ATP

Water, ClWater, Cl-- (they follow the Na (they follow the Na++ as its as its being pumped out of the PCT)being pumped out of the PCT)

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MAKING URINE! 800MAKING URINE! 800

Water passes through the ________ Water passes through the ________ portion of the LOH by ___________.portion of the LOH by ___________.

Descending, osmosisDescending, osmosis

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MAKING URINE! 1000MAKING URINE! 1000

The filtrate in the descending LOH The filtrate in the descending LOH becomes “salty” for these reasonsbecomes “salty” for these reasons

- loss of water (osmosis) due to going - loss of water (osmosis) due to going into an hypertonic environment (the into an hypertonic environment (the renal medulla)renal medulla)

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MAKING MAKING MOREMORE URINE! URINE! 100100

The descending LOH is permeable to The descending LOH is permeable to ____ and the ascending LOH is ____ and the ascending LOH is permeable to ____permeable to ____

Water, NaWater, Na++

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MAKING MAKING MOREMORE URINE! 200 URINE! 200

This molecule is necessary for This molecule is necessary for tubular secretion to occurtubular secretion to occur

ATPATP

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MAKING MAKING MOREMORE URINE! URINE! 400400Blood pH adjustments occur Blood pH adjustments occur

DCTDCT

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MAKING MAKING MOREMORE URINE! URINE! 600600If blood has a low pH what will happen If blood has a low pH what will happen

to Hto H++ and HCO and HCO33-- re-absorption into the re-absorption into the

blood?blood?

HCOHCO33- - absorption will go up and H absorption will go up and H++

will go downwill go down

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MAKING MAKING MOREMORE URINE! URINE! 800800The ascending LOH moves NaThe ascending LOH moves Na++ out of out of

the filtrate by _______ and _______the filtrate by _______ and _______

Diffusion, active transportDiffusion, active transport

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MAKING MAKING MOREMORE URINE! URINE! 10001000Its necessary to use active transport to Its necessary to use active transport to

pump Napump Na++ out of the filtrate in the out of the filtrate in the ascending LOH for this reason.ascending LOH for this reason.

The Na+ concentration in the filtrate is The Na+ concentration in the filtrate is greater (compared to the Na+ concentration greater (compared to the Na+ concentration in the blood) at the bottom of the LOH, but in the blood) at the bottom of the LOH, but lessens as it ascends the LOH. So Na+ lessens as it ascends the LOH. So Na+ requires pumps to move out of the filtrate as requires pumps to move out of the filtrate as the gradient itself no longer enough the gradient itself no longer enough

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YES! MORE WATER! YES! MORE WATER! 100100

Water re-absorption occurs the most in Water re-absorption occurs the most in this portion of the kidneythis portion of the kidney

Renal medullaRenal medulla

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YES! MORE WATER! YES! MORE WATER! 200200

In these portions of the nephron water is In these portions of the nephron water is re-absorbed re-absorbed

Collecting duct, descending LOH and PCTCollecting duct, descending LOH and PCT

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YES! MORE WATER! YES! MORE WATER! 400400

ADH secretion from the ________, which is ADH secretion from the ________, which is triggered by _________, and acts on the _______triggered by _________, and acts on the _______

Posterior pituitary, lower blood volume, Posterior pituitary, lower blood volume, collecting ductcollecting duct

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YES! MORE WATER! YES! MORE WATER! 600600

Higher levels of ADH do this to the volume Higher levels of ADH do this to the volume of urineof urine

Decrease itDecrease it

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YES! MORE WATER! YES! MORE WATER! 800800

Alcohol does this to ADH secretion and as Alcohol does this to ADH secretion and as a result does this to urine volumea result does this to urine volume

Inhibits, increasesInhibits, increases

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YES! MORE WATER! YES! MORE WATER! 10001000

If blood pressure drops due to low Na+ If blood pressure drops due to low Na+ levels this happenslevels this happens

Aldosterone is released from the adrenal Aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex cortex causes an increase in Na causes an increase in Na++ re- re-absorption (and Kabsorption (and K + + excretion) in the DCT excretion) in the DCT causes more water re-absorption in the causes more water re-absorption in the collecting duct collecting duct less urine and increased less urine and increased blood pressure blood pressure aldosterone release stops aldosterone release stops

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I GOTTA GO! NOW!!I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 100100

Sodium retention occurs here in the Sodium retention occurs here in the nephronnephron

Ascending LOHAscending LOH

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I GOTTA GO! NOW!! I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 200200

Coffee is a diuretic because is does thisCoffee is a diuretic because is does this

Increases blood volume by causing Increases blood volume by causing water retention which increases water retention which increases pressure filtration pressure filtration more urine more urine

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I GOTTA GO! NOW!! I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 400400

Finding glucose in the urine indicates Finding glucose in the urine indicates thisthis

Possible diabetes; greater urine flows Possible diabetes; greater urine flows as less water is re-absorbedas less water is re-absorbed

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I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 600I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 600

This molecule is maximally filtered and This molecule is maximally filtered and reabsorbedreabsorbed

GlucoseGlucose

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I GOTTA GO! NOW!! I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 800800

Urea is made by the ______ but excreted Urea is made by the ______ but excreted by the ______by the ______

Liver, kidneyLiver, kidney

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I GOTTA GO! NOW!! I GOTTA GO! NOW!! 10001000

How does the hypothalamus function in How does the hypothalamus function in urine formationurine formation

Low levels of blood volume Low levels of blood volume cause the cause the hypothalamus to secrete ADH hypothalamus to secrete ADH causes the causes the posterior pituitary to release ADH into the blood posterior pituitary to release ADH into the blood causes collecting duct to increase water re- causes collecting duct to increase water re-absorption absorption increases blood volume so increases blood volume so hypothalamus stops ADH production (NEGATIVE hypothalamus stops ADH production (NEGATIVE FEEDBACK)FEEDBACK)

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