ISCRAM 2012 #123

Integrating National Tsunami Early Warning Systems towards Ocean-Wide

System-of-Systems Networks

Matthias Lendholt [1], Martin Hammitzsch [1], Miguel A. Esbri [2][1] German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Germany

[2] ATOS Research, Spain

MotivationMotivation• Increasing number of national tsunami early warning systems (TEWS)• Increasing number of Crisis Management Information Systems (CIMS)• Research about information systems

Do we design + develop + implement + deploy interoperable information systems that are capable of system to system communication?

Or do we create more and more isolated islands?

OverviewOverview• Introduction• Challenge• Results• Reference implementation• Outlook

UNESCO Tsunami ProgrammeUNESCO Tsunami Programme• UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Tsunami

Programme: o Objective: The IOC Tsunami Programme aims at reducing the loss of lives and

livehoods that could be produced worldwide by tsunamis. o Four Intergovernmental Coordination Groups (ICG) corresponding to the

regions Pacific, Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean have been established to address particular regional needs

UNESCO Tsunami ProgrammeUNESCO Tsunami Programme

• Main objective IOC Tsunami Programme: The integration of national TEWS to ensure information exchange during tsunami events. ICG Implementation plans

• IOC ICG/IOTWS, 2008: Implementation Plan“… the establishment of a coordinated regional warning system for the entire Indian Ocean basin, through the establishment of a network of National inter-operable Warning Centres.”

ICG Implementation planICG Implementation plan• Goal: develop systems-of-systems

o Based on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)• Legal aspects• Workflows

o Standardized ICG warning products (bulletins)• Content: What, Where, When • Format: Plain ASCII text designed for FAX transmission• No protocols, technologies, encodings

o Standardized ICG spatial reference schemas• Coastal Forecast Zones• Coastal Forecast Points

ICG/IOTWS Coastal Forecast ZonesICG/IOTWS Coastal Forecast Zones• Coastal Forecast Zones (CFZ) introduced to ensure interoperability

between TEWS

ChallengeChallenge• Develop a communication model to interlink/integrate national TEWS:

1. According to UNESCO IOC guidelines2. Accounting UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)

recommendations3. Based on standards of the emergency management domain4. Applying system-of-systems engineering

• Best practices / design philosophy:o Keep it simpleo No proprietary technologyo Open standards, open source software

Information gatheringInformation gathering What are the needs and requirements? Which information must/must not be shared? Which technologies must/must not be used?

• Experiences from preceding projectso GITEWS (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System)

• Literature worko IOC / ICG guidelines, implementation plans, …o ISDR recommendationso Other TEWS related researcho Crisis Information Management Systems (CIMS) in general

• Survey among expertso Questionnaires, Interviews, …

Legal Aspects§§§

Technologies

Cultural background,

capacity building

Operators

General public

Identified WorkflowsIdentified Workflows1. National Centres (NC) share sensor observations2. Wide Area Centre (WAC) runs ocean wide tsunami simulation3. WAC sends warning messages (IOC bulletins) to NCs

Wide Area Centre

National CentresNational Centres

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre InfrastructureWide Area Centre Infrastructure

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Earthquake EventEarthquake Event

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Observation by NCObservation by NC

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Dissemination on National LevelDissemination on National Level

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Sending observations to WACSending observations to WAC

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Forwarding to NCsForwarding to NCs

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Running ocean wide tsunami forecastRunning ocean wide tsunami forecast IOC bulletin IOC bulletin

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

Wide Area Centre

National CentreThailand

Delivery of warnings to NCsDelivery of warnings to NCs

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Dissemination on National LevelDissemination on National Level

National CentreIndonesia

National CentreSri Lanka

National CentreThailand

Wide Area Centre

Information EncodingInformation Encoding1. Sensor Observation exchange

SWE (Sensor Web Enablement) messages• XML• OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) Standard• Used by GITEWS and many others sensor related information systems

2. Ocean wide bulletins CAP (Common Alerting Protocol)

• XML• OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards)• Widely used in Canada, US and Australia

3.Envelope / addressing EDXL-DE (Emergency Data Exchange Language-Distribution Element)

• XML• OASIS

Example message: EDXL-DE envelopeExample message: EDXL-DE envelope

<EDXLDistribution xmlns='urn:oasis:names:tc:…'><distributionID>urn:org:dews_online:WAC.IO:CAP6_1</distributionID> <senderID>urn:org:dews_online:WAC.IO</senderID> <dateTimeSent>2011-03-10T17:50:28.202+00:00</dateTimeSent> <distributionStatus>Actual</distributionStatus> <distributionType>Report</distributionType> <keyword> <valueListUrn>http://www.dews-online.org/urn/c2c</valueListUrn> <value>BULLETIN</value> </keyword> <contentObject> <contentDescription>CAP message generated by DEWS WAC.IO</…> <incidentID>urn:org:dews_online:WAC.IO:6</incidentID> <incidentDescription>Tsunami Warning</incidentDescription> <xmlContent> <embeddedXMLContent> <alert xmlns='urn:oasis:names:tc:emergency:cap:1.1' xmlns:xsi='…'> <!-- CAP payload with Tsunami bulletin embedded here--> </alert> </embeddedXMLContent> …

<alert> …

<info> <category>Safety</category> <event>TsunamiWarning</event> <responseType>Shelter</responseType> <urgency>Future</urgency> <severity>Severe</severity> <certainty>Likely</certainty> <onset>2011-04-24T21:18:15.015+00:00</onset> <senderName>urn:org:fosslab:centre:WAC.IO</senderName> <parameter> <valueName>MinTimeOfArrival</valueName> <value>2011-04-24T21:18:15+0000</value> </parameter> <parameter> <valueName>MaxSeaSurfaceHeight</valueName> <value>1.81</value> </parameter> <area> <areaDesc>QUILON</areaDesc> <geocode> <valueName>EX_BOX_ID</valueName> <value>19</value> </geocode> </area> </info></alert>

Reference ImplementationReference Implementation• Messaging:

o Asynchronous communication o Message Oriented Middleware (MOM)o Apache Active MQ

• GUI Cliento Command and Control User Interface (CCUI) o Eclipse Rich Client Platform (programming language: Java)

• Encodingso XML Schema + Java XML Beans

Participation at IOWave 10/2011 in JakartaParticipation at IOWave 10/2011 in Jakarta

ConclusionConclusion• Simple and robust communication model

o Follows UNESCO IOC/ICG guidelineso Accounts UN/ISDR recommendationso Based on open standards (OGC, OASIS)o Reference implementation

• Open source MOM• Standard compliant (xml schema)• Tested/Validated at IOC exercise

• Deployment is not a technological problemo Longsome decision processes on high levels (political processes) o Development of information systems not driven by IT experts

OutlookOutlook• TRIDEC: EU project focussing on TEWS in Mediterranean

o Project partner: Turkey – system is running thereo Cooperation with ICG/NEAMTWSo Evaluation which countries are interested to participate

• Indonesia: Evaluation of the system with real data

• Convince IOC/ICGs to rely on open standards (Cap, EDXL)

• Long term: official IOC CAP profile for tsunami bulletins

Thank you!

matthias.lendholt@gfz-potsdam.dewww.gfz-potsdam.de

Acknowledgements

DEWS project www.dews-online.orgFunded in FP6, 2007-2010

TRIDEC project www.tridec-online.euFunded in FP7, 2010-2013