Transcript
Part Four:Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing
Chapter 13:Critical Thinking: Making Inferences and
Analyzing the Author’s Point
PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English
Mountain Empire Community College
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
In Concert:An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach
by Kathleen T. McWhorter
Chapter 13: Critical Thinking: Making Inferences & Analyzing the Author’s Point
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
Goal 1
Goal 2
Goal 3
Goal 5
Goal 4
Understand the benefits of critical thinking
Make inferences
Assess sources and author qualifications
Evaluate internet sources
Distinguish between fact and opinion
Evaluate data, evidence, and omissionsGoal 6
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7 Analyze tone
Think critically when writing
Critical Thinking:
• Is analytical thinking
• Requires you to evaluate what you read
• Sometimes requires you to disagree with the author
• Sometimes requires you to express a different opinion
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 1: Understand the Benefits of Critical Thinking
An inference is an educated guess or prediction about something unknown based on available facts or information.
What are some strategies for making inferences?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Make Inferences
Important Considerations:
• The source in which the material is printed
• The authority/qualifications of the author
How do I assess a source?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Assess Sources and Author Qualifications
The internet contains a fair amount of valuable information; however, it also contains misinformation.
How do I evaluate internet sources?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate Internet Sources
How do I evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of a website?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate Internet Sources
Facts are statements that can be proven or verified.
Opinions are statements that express feelings, attitudes, or beliefs. Opinions are not necessarily true or false.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion
The reader must determine what evidence the author has chosen to include in a writing and what information the author has omitted.
Why do authors pick and choose what to use and omit in a particular writing?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Evaluate Data, Evidence, and Omissions
The tone of an author’s writing helps the reader interpret what he or she is saying.
Types of Tone:
Instructive
Sympathetic
Convincing
Entertaining
Nostalgic
Outraged
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7: Analyze Tone
What are some strategies for thinking critically while writing?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 8: Think Critically When Writing
Goal 1: Understand the Benefits of Critical ThinkingReview Questions
True or False: Critical thinking allows you to distinguish good information from inaccurate or incomplete information.
True or False:“Critical” refers to “negative” in terms of critical thinking.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 1: Understand the Benefits of Critical ThinkingReview Questions
True or False: True: Critical thinking allows you to distinguish good information from inaccurate or incomplete information.
True or False:False: “Critical” refers to “negative” in terms of critical thinking.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Make InferencesReview Questions
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for making inferences?
A. Notice details
B. Pay attention to word choice
C. The inference does not need to be fact-based
D. Understand the writer’s purpose
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Make InferencesReview Questions
Which of the following is NOT a strategy for making inferences?
A. Notice details
B. Pay attention to word choice
C. The inference does not need to be fact-based
D. Understand the writer’s purpose
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Assess Sources and Author Qualifications
Review Questions
True or False:It is important to consider the source in which the material is printed.
True or False: Authors would not be published if they were not credible.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Assess Sources and Author Qualifications
Review Questions
True or False:True: It is important to consider the source in which the material is printed.
True or False:False: Authors would not be published if they were not credible.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate Internet SourcesReview Questions
Which of the following is NOT necessary for evaluating a website?
A. Site sponsors
B. Presentation of well-written information
C. The webmaster
D. Appropriateness of the site
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Evaluate Internet SourcesReview Questions
Which of the following is NOT necessary for evaluating a website?
A. Site sponsors
B. Presentation of well-written information
C. The webmaster
D. Appropriateness of the site
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion
Review Questions
Fill in the blank:
_________ opinions are expressed by people who have authority related to the subject and offer expert opinions.
___________ opinions are expressed by people who do not have authority related to the subject.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion
Review Questions
Fill in the blank:
Informed opinions are expressed by people who have authority related to the subject and offer expert opinions.
Uninformed opinions are expressed by people who do not have authority related to the subject.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Evaluate Data, Evidence, and Omissions
Review Questions
True or False:When evaluating evidence, one must be concerned with the type of evidence presented.
True or False:When evaluating information, authors should omit certain details so the reader only receives a certain perspective.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Evaluate Data, Evidence, and Omissions
Review Questions
True or False:True: When evaluating evidence, one must be concerned with the type of evidence presented.
True or False:False: When evaluating information, authors should omit certain details so the reader only receives a certain perspective.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7: Analyze ToneReview Questions
True or False:Tone is directly related to the author’s purpose.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7: Analyze ToneReview Questions
True or False:True: Tone is directly related to the author’s purpose.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 8: Think Critically When WritingReview Questions
True or False:
Using appropriate tone is a critical thinking strategy.
True or FalseReaders can easily distinguish fact from opinion without explanation or clarification.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 8: Think Critically When WritingReview Questions
True or False:
True: Using appropriate tone is a critical thinking strategy.
True or FalseFalse: Readers can easily distinguish fact from opinion without explanation or clarification.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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