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Part Four: Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing Chapter 13: Critical Thinking: Making Inferences and Analyzing the Author’s Point PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English Mountain Empire Community College Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. In Concert: An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach by Kathleen T. McWhorter
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Page 1: IRW Chapter 13

Part Four:Critical Thinking, Reading, and Writing

Chapter 13:Critical Thinking: Making Inferences and

Analyzing the Author’s Point

PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English

Mountain Empire Community College

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

In Concert:An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach

by Kathleen T. McWhorter

Page 2: IRW Chapter 13

Chapter 13: Critical Thinking: Making Inferences & Analyzing the Author’s Point

In this chapter, you will learn how to:

Goal 1

Goal 2

Goal 3

Goal 5

Goal 4

Understand the benefits of critical thinking

Make inferences

Assess sources and author qualifications

Evaluate internet sources

Distinguish between fact and opinion

Evaluate data, evidence, and omissionsGoal 6

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 7 Analyze tone

Think critically when writing

Page 3: IRW Chapter 13

Critical Thinking:

• Is analytical thinking

• Requires you to evaluate what you read

• Sometimes requires you to disagree with the author

• Sometimes requires you to express a different opinion

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 1: Understand the Benefits of Critical Thinking

Page 4: IRW Chapter 13

An inference is an educated guess or prediction about something unknown based on available facts or information.

What are some strategies for making inferences?

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 2: Make Inferences

Page 5: IRW Chapter 13

Important Considerations:

• The source in which the material is printed

• The authority/qualifications of the author

How do I assess a source?

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 3: Assess Sources and Author Qualifications

Page 6: IRW Chapter 13

The internet contains a fair amount of valuable information; however, it also contains misinformation.

How do I evaluate internet sources?

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 4: Evaluate Internet Sources

Page 7: IRW Chapter 13

How do I evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of a website?

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 4: Evaluate Internet Sources

Page 8: IRW Chapter 13

Facts are statements that can be proven or verified.

Opinions are statements that express feelings, attitudes, or beliefs. Opinions are not necessarily true or false.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 5: Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion

Page 9: IRW Chapter 13

The reader must determine what evidence the author has chosen to include in a writing and what information the author has omitted.

Why do authors pick and choose what to use and omit in a particular writing?

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 6: Evaluate Data, Evidence, and Omissions

Page 10: IRW Chapter 13

The tone of an author’s writing helps the reader interpret what he or she is saying.

Types of Tone:

Instructive

Sympathetic

Convincing

Entertaining

Nostalgic

Outraged

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 7: Analyze Tone

Page 11: IRW Chapter 13

What are some strategies for thinking critically while writing?

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goal 8: Think Critically When Writing

Page 12: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 1: Understand the Benefits of Critical ThinkingReview Questions

True or False: Critical thinking allows you to distinguish good information from inaccurate or incomplete information.

True or False:“Critical” refers to “negative” in terms of critical thinking.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 13: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 1: Understand the Benefits of Critical ThinkingReview Questions

True or False: True: Critical thinking allows you to distinguish good information from inaccurate or incomplete information.

True or False:False: “Critical” refers to “negative” in terms of critical thinking.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 14: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 2: Make InferencesReview Questions

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for making inferences?

A. Notice details

B. Pay attention to word choice

C. The inference does not need to be fact-based

D. Understand the writer’s purpose

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 15: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 2: Make InferencesReview Questions

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for making inferences?

A. Notice details

B. Pay attention to word choice

C. The inference does not need to be fact-based

D. Understand the writer’s purpose

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 16: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 3: Assess Sources and Author Qualifications

Review Questions

True or False:It is important to consider the source in which the material is printed.

True or False: Authors would not be published if they were not credible.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 17: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 3: Assess Sources and Author Qualifications

Review Questions

True or False:True: It is important to consider the source in which the material is printed.

True or False:False: Authors would not be published if they were not credible.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 18: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 4: Evaluate Internet SourcesReview Questions

Which of the following is NOT necessary for evaluating a website?

A. Site sponsors

B. Presentation of well-written information

C. The webmaster

D. Appropriateness of the site

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 19: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 4: Evaluate Internet SourcesReview Questions

Which of the following is NOT necessary for evaluating a website?

A. Site sponsors

B. Presentation of well-written information

C. The webmaster

D. Appropriateness of the site

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 20: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 5: Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion

Review Questions

Fill in the blank:

_________ opinions are expressed by people who have authority related to the subject and offer expert opinions.

___________ opinions are expressed by people who do not have authority related to the subject.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 21: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 5: Distinguish Between Fact and Opinion

Review Questions

Fill in the blank:

Informed opinions are expressed by people who have authority related to the subject and offer expert opinions.

Uninformed opinions are expressed by people who do not have authority related to the subject.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 22: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 6: Evaluate Data, Evidence, and Omissions

Review Questions

True or False:When evaluating evidence, one must be concerned with the type of evidence presented.

True or False:When evaluating information, authors should omit certain details so the reader only receives a certain perspective.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 23: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 6: Evaluate Data, Evidence, and Omissions

Review Questions

True or False:True: When evaluating evidence, one must be concerned with the type of evidence presented.

True or False:False: When evaluating information, authors should omit certain details so the reader only receives a certain perspective.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 24: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 7: Analyze ToneReview Questions

True or False:Tone is directly related to the author’s purpose.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 25: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 7: Analyze ToneReview Questions

True or False:True: Tone is directly related to the author’s purpose.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 26: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 8: Think Critically When WritingReview Questions

True or False:

Using appropriate tone is a critical thinking strategy.

True or FalseReaders can easily distinguish fact from opinion without explanation or clarification.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 27: IRW Chapter 13

Goal 8: Think Critically When WritingReview Questions

True or False:

True: Using appropriate tone is a critical thinking strategy.

True or FalseFalse: Readers can easily distinguish fact from opinion without explanation or clarification.

Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.