Introduction to Sediment Sampling USGS Technical training in Support of Native American Relations (TESNAR) 2011 Klamath, Warm Springs, Yurok, and Karuk.
Post on 16-Dec-2015
217 Views
Preview:
Transcript
Introduction to Sediment SamplingUSGS Technical training in Support of Native American
Relations (TESNAR) 2011Klamath, Warm Springs, Yurok, and Karuk Tribes
Chiloquin, OR September 19-23, 2011
Design and Function of Design and Function of Suspended-Sediment and Suspended-Sediment and Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers
• Sediment-discharge measurements in the United States began in 1838 when Captain Talcott sampled flows in the Mississippi River. In 1843, J.L. Riddle started another sampling program on the Mississippi River, collecting only surface samples that were assumed to represent the full depth In 1851, this assumption was proven false by a study that collected samples at discrete depths. In the late nineteenth century, sediment-sampling activities increased rapidly as Federal agencies organized civil‑works programs. For the most part, engineers in charge of these programs developed their own sampling equipment. By the 1930's, agencies had started to develop equipment for use by their agency, but there was little if any consistency in the design of instruments developed by each of the agencies.
• Questions - - What are some consequences of inaccurate data? What if the inaccuracy is not random, but biased? What of inconsistent data?
Why do we need accurate and consistent samplers?
• The Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project (FISP) was created in 1939 to unify and standardize the research and development activities of Federal agencies involved in fluvial sediment studies. Focus is to develop, test, and supply physical samplers that collect representative samples. More recently focus is also on indirect, surrogate methods of measurement and analysis.
• Instrument design, development, qa, supply; and research
• Question: recall definition of Representative Sample?
Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project
To obtain a sample in such a way that the To obtain a sample in such a way that the water-sediment mixture moves withwater-sediment mixture moves with no no
changechange in velocity as it leaves the ambient in velocity as it leaves the ambient flow and enters the sampler intake.flow and enters the sampler intake.
CriticalCritical step toward collecting a representative sample.step toward collecting a representative sample.
Isokinetic Sampling:Isokinetic Sampling:
Why do we need Isokinetic?
Relative Sampling Rate: Intake Velocity Divided by Stream Velocity
Per
cent
err
or
Fraction of stream velocity
Isokinetic sampling (representative sample collection)
is affected by;• Sampler Design• Vertical sampler transit rate• Sample container (over) filling
WHAT ARE WE DEALING WITH?
• Changing Water Velocities
• Changing Suspended-Sediment Concentration
A suspended-sediment sampler is designed to account for all
these ever changing conditions
• NozzleNozzle• Air Exhaust Air Exhaust • ContainerContainer• BodyBody
PARTS OF A PARTS OF A SAMPLERSSAMPLERS
Sampler parts
Nozzle TaperNozzle Taper
• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint
• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating
TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS
DEPTH INTEGRATING
Sampled & Un-sampled Zones
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US DH-48US DH-48
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US DH-59US DH-5922 lbs22 lbs
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US D-74US D-7462 lbs62 lbs
US DH-76US DH-7625 lbs25 lbs
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint
• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating
TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS
Point Sampler, Valve Closed
Point Sampler, Valve Open
US P-61-A1US P-61-A1
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
P-61-A1 Head Parts
Rechargeable Battery Pack
US RBP-95
US P-61-A1US P-61-A1105 lbs105 lbs
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US P-63US P-63200 lbs200 lbs
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US P-72US P-7241 lbs41 lbs
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint
• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating
• Rigid BottleRigid Bottle• BagBag
TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS
US DH-81AUS DH-81A
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US D-95US D-95
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US DH-95US DH-95
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint
• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating
• RidgedRidged• BagBag
TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US D-96US D-96
US D-96-A1US D-96-A1
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US D-99US D-99
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US D-99US D-99
The US DH-2TM The sampler collects at least 1-liter of sample isokinectally to 35 ft.
Approximate Length: 20 in., Width: 6 in. Weight: 30 lb
FISPFISP
LIMITATIONS Transit Rates & Depth
Rigid bottle < 15 ft with D samplers < 180 ft with P samplers < 0.4 times the mean velocity
(based on approach angle and pressure equalization) Bag
Up to 220 ft 0.4 times the mean velocity
(based on approach angle)
Sampler Designation
Nozzle ID (in)
Container Size
Max. Depth (ft)
Min. Vel. (ft/sec)
Max. Vel. (ft/sec)
Unsampled Zone (in)
Weight (lbs)
US DH-48 1/4 pint 9 1.5 8.9 3.5 4
US DH-59 ¼, 3/16 pint 9, 15 1.5 5.0 4.5 22
US DH-76 3/16, 1/4 quart 15 1.5 6.6 3.2 25
US DH-81 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 9 1.5 2.0 ,2.0 7.0, 7.6, 6.2 4.0 1
US DH-95 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 15 2.1,1.7, 2.1 7.4, 7.0, 6.2 4.8 29
US DH-2 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 13, 20, 35 2.0 6.0 3.5 30
US D-74 ¼, 3/16 pint/quart 9, 15 1.5 6.6 4.1 62
US D-74AL ¼, 3/16 pint/quart 9, 15 1.5 5.9 4.1 42
US D-95 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 15 1.7,1.7, 2.0 6.2, 6.7, 6.7 4.8 64
US D-96 5/16, ¼, 3/16 3 liters 39, 60, 110 2.0 12.5 4.0 132
US D-96A1 5/16, ¼, 3/16 3 liters 39, 60, 110 2.0 6.0 4.0 80
US D-99 5/16, ¼, 3/16 6 liters 78,120, 220 3.0, 3.0, 3.5 15.0 9.5 275
US P-61A1 3/16 pint/quart 180, 120 1.5 10.0 4.3 105
US P-63 3/16 pint/quart 180, 120 1.5 15.0 5.9 200
US P-72 3/16 pint/quart 72, 51 1.5 5.3 4.3 41
FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM
US VTP-99US VTP-99
Operating SpecificationsOperating Specifications
● Constant Speed
● 12 or 24 Volts● Speed Setting: 0.1 to 4.5 ft/sec
● Bi-Directional Motor operation
● “B” & “E” Reels w/2 Pulley Sizes
High-Torque Reel Drive System
Wireless RemoteWireless Remote Control Unit Control Unit
Operating SpecificationsOperating Specifications
● Works Up to >100 ft. Distance
● Will be Backward Compatible to Existing Reel Drive
● Has Many Advantages Over ‘Bluetooth’ Including Security
● No External Antenna Required
● 250k bytes/sec @ 2.4 GHz
● Very Long Battery Life
● Lower Cost
Uses ZigBee™ Wireless Technology
High-Torque Reel Drive System
Information from FISP:Information from FISP:
• Mark Landers- FISP Chief
• E-mail: landers@usgs.gov
• Phone: (770) 903-9152
• http://fisp.wes.army.mil
TO ORDER EQUIPMENET(Federal Agencies)
• USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility
• Building 2101• Stennis Space Center, MS 39529• (800) 382-0634 ext. 83271
• USGS: http://1stop.usgs.gov/onestop/
Non Federal Agencies use thefollowing commercial distributors:
Geotech Environmental Equipment, Inc.
8035 East 40th Ave.
Phone: (303) 320-4764
Fax: (303) 322-7242
Toll free: (800) 833-7958
E-mail: Sales@geotechenv.com
Website: www.geotechenv.com
Rickly Hydrologic Company
1700 Joyce Ave
Columbus, OH 43219
Phone: (614) 297-9877
Fax: (614) 297-9878
E-mail: sales@rickly.com
Website: www.rickly.com
Wildlife Supply Company
95 Botsford Place
Buffalo, NY 14216
Phone: (800) 799-8301
Fax: (800) 799-8115
E-mail: goto@wildco.com
Website: www.wildco.com
top related