Introduction to Sediment Sampling USGS Technical training in Support of Native American Relations (TESNAR) 2011 Klamath, Warm Springs, Yurok, and Karuk.

Introduction to Sediment SamplingUSGS Technical training in Support of Native American

Relations (TESNAR) 2011Klamath, Warm Springs, Yurok, and Karuk Tribes

Chiloquin, OR September 19-23, 2011

Design and Function of Design and Function of Suspended-Sediment and Suspended-Sediment and Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers

• Sediment-discharge measurements in the United States began in 1838 when Captain Talcott sampled flows in the Mississippi River. In 1843, J.L. Riddle started another sampling program on the Mississippi River, collecting only surface samples that were assumed to represent the full depth In 1851, this assumption was proven false by a study that collected samples at discrete depths. In the late nineteenth century, sediment-sampling activities increased rapidly as Federal agencies organized civil‑works programs. For the most part, engineers in charge of these programs developed their own sampling equipment. By the 1930's, agencies had started to develop equipment for use by their agency, but there was little if any consistency in the design of instruments developed by each of the agencies.

• Questions - - What are some consequences of inaccurate data? What if the inaccuracy is not random, but biased? What of inconsistent data?

Why do we need accurate and consistent samplers?

• The Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project (FISP) was created in 1939 to unify and standardize the research and development activities of Federal agencies involved in fluvial sediment studies. Focus is to develop, test, and supply physical samplers that collect representative samples. More recently focus is also on indirect, surrogate methods of measurement and analysis.

• Instrument design, development, qa, supply; and research

• Question: recall definition of Representative Sample?

Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project

To obtain a sample in such a way that the To obtain a sample in such a way that the water-sediment mixture moves withwater-sediment mixture moves with no no

changechange in velocity as it leaves the ambient in velocity as it leaves the ambient flow and enters the sampler intake.flow and enters the sampler intake.

CriticalCritical step toward collecting a representative sample.step toward collecting a representative sample.

Isokinetic Sampling:Isokinetic Sampling:

Why do we need Isokinetic?

Relative Sampling Rate: Intake Velocity Divided by Stream Velocity

Per

cent

err

or

Fraction of stream velocity

Isokinetic sampling (representative sample collection)

is affected by;• Sampler Design• Vertical sampler transit rate• Sample container (over) filling

WHAT ARE WE DEALING WITH?

• Changing Water Velocities

• Changing Suspended-Sediment Concentration

A suspended-sediment sampler is designed to account for all

these ever changing conditions

• NozzleNozzle• Air Exhaust Air Exhaust • ContainerContainer• BodyBody

PARTS OF A PARTS OF A SAMPLERSSAMPLERS

Sampler parts

Nozzle TaperNozzle Taper

• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint

• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating

TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS

DEPTH INTEGRATING

Sampled & Un-sampled Zones

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US DH-48US DH-48

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US DH-59US DH-5922 lbs22 lbs

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US D-74US D-7462 lbs62 lbs

US DH-76US DH-7625 lbs25 lbs

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint

• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating

TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS

Point Sampler, Valve Closed

Point Sampler, Valve Open

US P-61-A1US P-61-A1

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

P-61-A1 Head Parts

Rechargeable Battery Pack

US RBP-95

US P-61-A1US P-61-A1105 lbs105 lbs

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US P-63US P-63200 lbs200 lbs

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US P-72US P-7241 lbs41 lbs

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint

• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating

• Rigid BottleRigid Bottle• BagBag

TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS

US DH-81AUS DH-81A

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US D-95US D-95

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US DH-95US DH-95

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

• Suspended-Sediment SamplersSuspended-Sediment Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating•PointPoint

• Water-Quality SamplersWater-Quality Samplers•Depth IntegratingDepth Integrating

• RidgedRidged• BagBag

TYPES OF SAMPLERSTYPES OF SAMPLERS

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US D-96US D-96

US D-96-A1US D-96-A1

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US D-99US D-99

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US D-99US D-99

The US DH-2TM The sampler collects at least 1-liter of sample isokinectally to 35 ft.

Approximate Length:  20 in., Width:     6 in. Weight:  30 lb

FISPFISP

LIMITATIONS Transit Rates & Depth

Rigid bottle < 15 ft with D samplers < 180 ft with P samplers < 0.4 times the mean velocity

(based on approach angle and pressure equalization) Bag

Up to 220 ft 0.4 times the mean velocity

(based on approach angle)

Sampler Designation

Nozzle ID (in)

Container Size

Max. Depth (ft)

Min. Vel. (ft/sec)

Max. Vel. (ft/sec)

Unsampled Zone (in)

Weight (lbs)

US DH-48 1/4 pint 9 1.5 8.9 3.5 4

US DH-59 ¼, 3/16 pint 9, 15 1.5 5.0 4.5 22

US DH-76 3/16, 1/4 quart 15 1.5 6.6 3.2 25

US DH-81 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 9 1.5 2.0 ,2.0 7.0, 7.6, 6.2 4.0 1

US DH-95 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 15 2.1,1.7, 2.1 7.4, 7.0, 6.2 4.8 29

US DH-2 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 13, 20, 35 2.0 6.0 3.5 30

US D-74 ¼, 3/16 pint/quart 9, 15 1.5 6.6 4.1 62

US D-74AL ¼, 3/16 pint/quart 9, 15 1.5 5.9 4.1 42

US D-95 5/16, ¼, 3/16 liter 15 1.7,1.7, 2.0 6.2, 6.7, 6.7 4.8 64

US D-96 5/16, ¼, 3/16 3 liters 39, 60, 110 2.0 12.5 4.0 132

US D-96A1 5/16, ¼, 3/16 3 liters 39, 60, 110 2.0 6.0 4.0 80

US D-99 5/16, ¼, 3/16 6 liters 78,120, 220 3.0, 3.0, 3.5 15.0 9.5 275

US P-61A1 3/16 pint/quart 180, 120 1.5 10.0 4.3 105

US P-63 3/16 pint/quart 180, 120 1.5 15.0 5.9 200

US P-72 3/16 pint/quart 72, 51 1.5 5.3 4.3 41

FISPFISPFISPFISPTMTM

US VTP-99US VTP-99

Operating SpecificationsOperating Specifications

● Constant Speed

● 12 or 24 Volts● Speed Setting: 0.1 to 4.5 ft/sec

● Bi-Directional Motor operation

● “B” & “E” Reels w/2 Pulley Sizes

High-Torque Reel Drive System

Wireless RemoteWireless Remote Control Unit Control Unit

Operating SpecificationsOperating Specifications

● Works Up to >100 ft. Distance

● Will be Backward Compatible to Existing Reel Drive

● Has Many Advantages Over ‘Bluetooth’ Including Security

● No External Antenna Required

● 250k bytes/sec @ 2.4 GHz

● Very Long Battery Life

● Lower Cost

Uses ZigBee™ Wireless Technology

High-Torque Reel Drive System

Information from FISP:Information from FISP:

• Mark Landers- FISP Chief

• E-mail: [email protected]

• Phone: (770) 903-9152

• http://fisp.wes.army.mil

TO ORDER EQUIPMENET(Federal Agencies)

• USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility

• Building 2101• Stennis Space Center, MS 39529• (800) 382-0634 ext. 83271

• USGS: http://1stop.usgs.gov/onestop/

Non Federal Agencies use thefollowing commercial distributors:

Geotech Environmental Equipment, Inc.

8035 East 40th Ave.

Phone: (303) 320-4764

Fax: (303) 322-7242

Toll free: (800) 833-7958

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.geotechenv.com

Rickly Hydrologic Company

1700 Joyce Ave

Columbus, OH 43219

Phone: (614) 297-9877

Fax: (614) 297-9878

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.rickly.com

Wildlife Supply Company

95 Botsford Place

Buffalo, NY 14216

Phone: (800) 799-8301

Fax: (800) 799-8115

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.wildco.com