Introducing some of ICRAF’s flavourites there is a CGIAR institute with a mandate for fruit trees.

Introducing some of ICRAF’s flavouritesthere is a CGIAR institute

with a mandate for fruit trees

Moving from wild harvest to cultivation

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Number of farms

0

25

50

75

100

125

0

25

50

75

100

125

Nu

mb

er

of

spe

cie

s

fruit

firewood

medicine

construction

soil fertility

fodder

Firewood

Medicine

Sawnwood

Fruit

Soil fert.

Fodder

Cameroon

Species accumulation curves

Vit A (IU/100gm fruit)

Eriobotrya 1530

Papaya 1094

Mango 806

Guava 624

Syzygium 340

Orange 220

Avocado 146

1 mango fruit per day provide child (<6 yrs) with daily requirement

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21

guavalycheepapayaorangelemonmulberrytree tomatowhite sapotasoursopmangotree tomatojava plumjackfruitavocadojackfruitjava plumappletamarindloquat

Vitamin C Requirements for Girls

AGE

Number of 100g

fruitportions

by species

Vulnerability to poverty and IF availabilityVulnerability to poverty and IF availability

Source: Mithöfer, Waibel and Akinnifesi (2006)

30%

Consumer

Producer

Production

Product

Processing

Marketing

Fruit Tree Framework

Consumer

Producer

Production

Product

Processing

Marketing

Research Objectives

- Understand constraints/opportunities- Enhance returns to land/labour- Determine prospects producer associations- Improve quality of inputs (e.g. germplasm)

- Improve product quality- Change timing of availability- Reduce wastage

- Improve recovery- Value addition- Extend shelf-life- Improve efficacy (e.g. medicinals)

- Enhance product safety- Ensure appropriate packaging- Provide adequate labeling- Increased graded product %

- Analyse market chains- Exploit/satisfy certification opportunities- Increase premiums for quality, branding- Elevate volume traded- Improve consumer knowledge, promotion- Demand forecasting

- Develop market information systems- Develop new business opportunities- Explore subsidy, incentives to producers- Understand scaling up needs, opportunities- Target areas for production

... market research on prices, volumes, actors, margins, timing, etc,

Production economic data

Feasibility Assessment of Selected Enterprises

Country Malawi Tanzania Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Income statement Juice concentrate

Juice concentrate

Baobab cereal bar

Jam

Gross value of productionTotal costNet incomeTaxNet profit after taxProfit (as % of gross value of production)

$ 107 400$ 61 700$ 45 700$ 16 000$ 29 700

28%

$ 137 360$ 108 187$ 29 173$ 10 210$ 18 962

14%

$ 61 090$ 33 080$ 28 010$ 9 803

$ 18 20630%

$ 20 209$ 11 336$ 8 873$ 3 105$ 5 767

29%

Cash flow analysis

Cash flow Net positive for all months

Net positive for all months

Net positive for all months

Net positive for all months

Capital budget

Net present value Positive over selected period

Positive over selected period

Positive over selected period

Positive over selected period

Breakeven analysis

Breakeven price $ 8.50 per 20 kg can

$ 14.64 per 20kg can

$ 0.34 per 50g bar

$ 1.22 per 410g jar

Dacryodes edulis: African Plum

Creation of a cultivar

Noel cultivar (out of season variety, yield US$20 per tree per year)

Need to develop elite varieties

New Cultivar Development (Uapaca kirkiana)

Earlier fruiting, bigger fruits, heavy fruit loads, smaller trees and uniform quality

A superior cultivar (fruited after 4 yrs.)

Variations

Tree Species Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Avocado

Citrus

Parinari curatellifolia

Mangoes

Uapaca kirkiana

Strychnos cocculoides

Syzygium cordatum

Annona seneghalesis

Azanza garckeana

Flacourtia indica

Vangueria infausta

Vitex doniana

Adansonia digitata

Ziziphus mauritiana

Fruit Tree Portfolio For Fresh Fruits Year-Round

0

20

40

60

80

100

No.

of

hou

seh

old

s fa

cin

g sh

orta

ge Zambia

MalawiHungry/cropping season

Harvest/off- season

Public Private Partnership in Allanblackia

Unilever, ICRAF, IUCN, SNV

Allanblackia spp. (Clusiaceae)

- up to 40m height- separate male/female trees- up to 500 fruit per tree- oil rich seeds in fruit

What is Allanblackia Seed Oil ?

• About 55% is stearine• Contains 3

triglycerides:– SOS 70%– SOO 23%– OOO 4%

where s = stearic and o = oleic

• AB oil can not be mimicked by mixing other oils and fats 0

10

20

30

40

50

60AllanblackiaPalm oilPalm kernelRape oil

#

# ####

##########

###################

####################

######################

########################################

##### ########

##### #########

#####################################################

#########################

########################################

Sudan

AlgeriaLibya

Mali

Chad

Niger

Congo DR

Egypt

Angola

EthiopiaNigeria

South Africa

Namibia

Mauritania

Zambia

Tanzania

Kenya Somali

a

Mozambique

Botswana

Morocco

Congo

Mad

agas

car

Cam

eroo

n

Zimbabwe

Gabon

Ghana

Guinea

Uganda

Central African Republic

Tunisia

Senegal

Burkina Faso

Eritrea

W. S

ahar

a

Liberia

Sierra Leone

Djibouti

Swaziland

Country boundary

Country with study sites# Species location point

Key

Lakes

A. parviflora

A. stuhlmanii

A. floribunda

The genus Allanblackia has nine species, three of which are being worked on

wild tree

crusher

cif Rotterdam

farm dried seeds

village store

export port

regional warehouse

$335 per tonne oil (or 2.7 tonnes seeds)

cultivated tree

tree nursery

$363

$402

$561

$653

$800

insurance, finance, storage

management, taxes, storage

transport, extraction, profit

focal persons, loading

admin, packaging

Allanblackia Value Chain

State of world’s research on AB

December 2003

Germination experiments - ICRAF Ghana

Rural Resource Centres

- Source of Knowledge

- Skills training

- Demonstrations (nursery, field, mother block)

- Registration of collectors, buyers, nurseries, producers

- Germplasm source

- Materials (bags, chemicals, equipment)

Rural Resource

Centre

satellite nursery

farmer’s fields

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

satellite nursery

1 Rural Resource Centre serves 10-30 satellite nurseries

1 Satellite nursery serves 20-50 farmers

1 farmer growing 10-100 trees

1 Rural Resource Centre for each 200-1500 farmers (av. 800)

1 RRC leads to 2000 – 150,000 (av. 40,000)

seed germination beds

propagators

Fruit reception,Processing, drying area

Seed storage pits

seedling beds

Water storage

Covered Meeting

Area

Satellite nursery model(banana leaves shade, etc)

Trials and field demonstration area

Storage sheds

Storage sheds

Mother block area

Rural Resource Centres

Building vegetative propagators with village nursery operators

New Edubiase RRC

Vitellaria paradoxa

UEMOA Standard for Unrefined Shea Butter

Quality Parameter

1st Grade 2nd Grade 3rd Grade

Free fatty acid (%)

1 1 3 3 8

Peroxide value (mEQ)

10 15 15 50

Moisture (%) 0.05 0.2 0.2 2

Insoluble impurities (%)

0.1 0.2 0.2 2

wild tree

exporter

cif Rotterdam

farm dried kernels

collector

export port

consolidator

$75 per MT shea butter (or 2.5 MT seeds)

$110

$130

$180

$200

$800

insurance, finance, storage

management, taxes, storage

repackaging, transport

repackaging, transport transport

packaging, transport packaging

shea butter

collection, decortication, drying

extraction, packaging

exporter

export port

management, taxes, storage, transport

transport

cif Rotterdam

$500

$350

$1,000

$2,000

consolidator

consolidation, storage, transport

Shea Value chain

Crude grading for quality

Sale as kernels

(low/mixed quality)

40 trees

Post-harvest handling and drying

Process to butterfor sale

(medium/mixed quality)

Process to butterfor household use

(medium/mixed quality)

50kg kernel$0.03 per kg= US$1.50

40 kg butter$0.40 per kg= US$16.00

80 kg butter$0.40 per kg= US$32.00

Total benefit to H/H = $49.50 p.a.

unacceptable

500kg

150kg

200kg100kg50kg

Shea Enterprise

Better grading for quality

Sale as kernels

(medium/highquality)

40 trees

Better post-harvest handling and drying

Better processing to butter for premium sale

(medium/high quality)

Process to butterfor household use

(medium/high quality)

50kg kernel$0.05 per kg= US$5.00

60 kg butter$0.60 per kg= US$36.00

80 kg butter$0.40 per kg= US$32.00

Total benefit to H/H = $74.50 p.a.

Sale as kernels

(low/mixed quality)

unacceptable

50 kg kernel$0.03 per kg= US$1.50

500kg

50kg

200kg150kg50kg50kg

Improved Shea Enterprise

Japan-supported dryland fruit project

Azanza garckeana

Berchemia

Boscia

Carissa

Cordia

Diospyros

Dobera

Ladolphia

Uvaria

Vangueria

Technical Support on:

Where to plant – trees suitable for your area

Which to plant – sources of tree seeds

How to plant – good tree nursery practices

What to plant – trees suitable for your purposes

www.worldagroforestry.org

Tony Blair visit to Southern Africa, May 2007

ICRAF Malawi (Simon Mn’gomba) explaining development of new Miombo fruit tree clones

“Given the problems of deforestation and wood energy scarcity, promotingnew tree varieties must be a top priority for Africa – Tony Blair”

The United Nations Environment Programme launched its "Plant for the Planet: Billion Tree Campaign" with support from Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai and His Serene Highness Prince Albert II of Monaco, and in cooperation with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).

Link to high-profile initiatives such as Billion Tree Campaign

African Fruit Tree Network