Introducing some of ICRAF’s flavourites there is a CGIAR institute with a mandate for fruit trees
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Introducing some of ICRAF’s flavouritesthere is a CGIAR institute
with a mandate for fruit trees
Moving from wild harvest to cultivation
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Number of farms
0
25
50
75
100
125
0
25
50
75
100
125
Nu
mb
er
of
spe
cie
s
fruit
firewood
medicine
construction
soil fertility
fodder
Firewood
Medicine
Sawnwood
Fruit
Soil fert.
Fodder
Cameroon
Species accumulation curves
Vit A (IU/100gm fruit)
Eriobotrya 1530
Papaya 1094
Mango 806
Guava 624
Syzygium 340
Orange 220
Avocado 146
1 mango fruit per day provide child (<6 yrs) with daily requirement
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
guavalycheepapayaorangelemonmulberrytree tomatowhite sapotasoursopmangotree tomatojava plumjackfruitavocadojackfruitjava plumappletamarindloquat
Vitamin C Requirements for Girls
AGE
Number of 100g
fruitportions
by species
Vulnerability to poverty and IF availabilityVulnerability to poverty and IF availability
Source: Mithöfer, Waibel and Akinnifesi (2006)
30%
Consumer
Producer
Production
Product
Processing
Marketing
Fruit Tree Framework
Consumer
Producer
Production
Product
Processing
Marketing
Research Objectives
- Understand constraints/opportunities- Enhance returns to land/labour- Determine prospects producer associations- Improve quality of inputs (e.g. germplasm)
- Improve product quality- Change timing of availability- Reduce wastage
- Improve recovery- Value addition- Extend shelf-life- Improve efficacy (e.g. medicinals)
- Enhance product safety- Ensure appropriate packaging- Provide adequate labeling- Increased graded product %
- Analyse market chains- Exploit/satisfy certification opportunities- Increase premiums for quality, branding- Elevate volume traded- Improve consumer knowledge, promotion- Demand forecasting
- Develop market information systems- Develop new business opportunities- Explore subsidy, incentives to producers- Understand scaling up needs, opportunities- Target areas for production
... market research on prices, volumes, actors, margins, timing, etc,
Production economic data
Feasibility Assessment of Selected Enterprises
Country Malawi Tanzania Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
Income statement Juice concentrate
Juice concentrate
Baobab cereal bar
Jam
Gross value of productionTotal costNet incomeTaxNet profit after taxProfit (as % of gross value of production)
$ 107 400$ 61 700$ 45 700$ 16 000$ 29 700
28%
$ 137 360$ 108 187$ 29 173$ 10 210$ 18 962
14%
$ 61 090$ 33 080$ 28 010$ 9 803
$ 18 20630%
$ 20 209$ 11 336$ 8 873$ 3 105$ 5 767
29%
Cash flow analysis
Cash flow Net positive for all months
Net positive for all months
Net positive for all months
Net positive for all months
Capital budget
Net present value Positive over selected period
Positive over selected period
Positive over selected period
Positive over selected period
Breakeven analysis
Breakeven price $ 8.50 per 20 kg can
$ 14.64 per 20kg can
$ 0.34 per 50g bar
$ 1.22 per 410g jar
Dacryodes edulis: African Plum
Creation of a cultivar
Noel cultivar (out of season variety, yield US$20 per tree per year)
Need to develop elite varieties
New Cultivar Development (Uapaca kirkiana)
Earlier fruiting, bigger fruits, heavy fruit loads, smaller trees and uniform quality
A superior cultivar (fruited after 4 yrs.)
Variations
Tree Species Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Avocado
Citrus
Parinari curatellifolia
Mangoes
Uapaca kirkiana
Strychnos cocculoides
Syzygium cordatum
Annona seneghalesis
Azanza garckeana
Flacourtia indica
Vangueria infausta
Vitex doniana
Adansonia digitata
Ziziphus mauritiana
Fruit Tree Portfolio For Fresh Fruits Year-Round
0
20
40
60
80
100
No.
of
hou
seh
old
s fa
cin
g sh
orta
ge Zambia
MalawiHungry/cropping season
Harvest/off- season
Public Private Partnership in Allanblackia
Unilever, ICRAF, IUCN, SNV
Allanblackia spp. (Clusiaceae)
- up to 40m height- separate male/female trees- up to 500 fruit per tree- oil rich seeds in fruit
What is Allanblackia Seed Oil ?
• About 55% is stearine• Contains 3
triglycerides:– SOS 70%– SOO 23%– OOO 4%
where s = stearic and o = oleic
• AB oil can not be mimicked by mixing other oils and fats 0
10
20
30
40
50
60AllanblackiaPalm oilPalm kernelRape oil
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Sudan
AlgeriaLibya
Mali
Chad
Niger
Congo DR
Egypt
Angola
EthiopiaNigeria
South Africa
Namibia
Mauritania
Zambia
Tanzania
Kenya Somali
a
Mozambique
Botswana
Morocco
Congo
Mad
agas
car
Cam
eroo
n
Zimbabwe
Gabon
Ghana
Guinea
Uganda
Central African Republic
Tunisia
Senegal
Burkina Faso
Eritrea
W. S
ahar
a
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Djibouti
Swaziland
Country boundary
Country with study sites# Species location point
Key
Lakes
A. parviflora
A. stuhlmanii
A. floribunda
The genus Allanblackia has nine species, three of which are being worked on
wild tree
crusher
cif Rotterdam
farm dried seeds
village store
export port
regional warehouse
$335 per tonne oil (or 2.7 tonnes seeds)
cultivated tree
tree nursery
$363
$402
$561
$653
$800
insurance, finance, storage
management, taxes, storage
transport, extraction, profit
focal persons, loading
admin, packaging
Allanblackia Value Chain
State of world’s research on AB
December 2003
Germination experiments - ICRAF Ghana
Rural Resource Centres
- Source of Knowledge
- Skills training
- Demonstrations (nursery, field, mother block)
- Registration of collectors, buyers, nurseries, producers
- Germplasm source
- Materials (bags, chemicals, equipment)
Rural Resource
Centre
satellite nursery
farmer’s fields
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
satellite nursery
1 Rural Resource Centre serves 10-30 satellite nurseries
1 Satellite nursery serves 20-50 farmers
1 farmer growing 10-100 trees
1 Rural Resource Centre for each 200-1500 farmers (av. 800)
1 RRC leads to 2000 – 150,000 (av. 40,000)
seed germination beds
propagators
Fruit reception,Processing, drying area
Seed storage pits
seedling beds
Water storage
Covered Meeting
Area
Satellite nursery model(banana leaves shade, etc)
Trials and field demonstration area
Storage sheds
Storage sheds
Mother block area
Rural Resource Centres
Building vegetative propagators with village nursery operators
New Edubiase RRC
Vitellaria paradoxa
UEMOA Standard for Unrefined Shea Butter
Quality Parameter
1st Grade 2nd Grade 3rd Grade
Free fatty acid (%)
1 1 3 3 8
Peroxide value (mEQ)
10 15 15 50
Moisture (%) 0.05 0.2 0.2 2
Insoluble impurities (%)
0.1 0.2 0.2 2
wild tree
exporter
cif Rotterdam
farm dried kernels
collector
export port
consolidator
$75 per MT shea butter (or 2.5 MT seeds)
$110
$130
$180
$200
$800
insurance, finance, storage
management, taxes, storage
repackaging, transport
repackaging, transport transport
packaging, transport packaging
shea butter
collection, decortication, drying
extraction, packaging
exporter
export port
management, taxes, storage, transport
transport
cif Rotterdam
$500
$350
$1,000
$2,000
consolidator
consolidation, storage, transport
Shea Value chain
Crude grading for quality
Sale as kernels
(low/mixed quality)
40 trees
Post-harvest handling and drying
Process to butterfor sale
(medium/mixed quality)
Process to butterfor household use
(medium/mixed quality)
50kg kernel$0.03 per kg= US$1.50
40 kg butter$0.40 per kg= US$16.00
80 kg butter$0.40 per kg= US$32.00
Total benefit to H/H = $49.50 p.a.
unacceptable
500kg
150kg
200kg100kg50kg
Shea Enterprise
Better grading for quality
Sale as kernels
(medium/highquality)
40 trees
Better post-harvest handling and drying
Better processing to butter for premium sale
(medium/high quality)
Process to butterfor household use
(medium/high quality)
50kg kernel$0.05 per kg= US$5.00
60 kg butter$0.60 per kg= US$36.00
80 kg butter$0.40 per kg= US$32.00
Total benefit to H/H = $74.50 p.a.
Sale as kernels
(low/mixed quality)
unacceptable
50 kg kernel$0.03 per kg= US$1.50
500kg
50kg
200kg150kg50kg50kg
Improved Shea Enterprise
Japan-supported dryland fruit project
Azanza garckeana
Berchemia
Boscia
Carissa
Cordia
Diospyros
Dobera
Ladolphia
Uvaria
Vangueria
Technical Support on:
Where to plant – trees suitable for your area
Which to plant – sources of tree seeds
How to plant – good tree nursery practices
What to plant – trees suitable for your purposes
www.worldagroforestry.org
Tony Blair visit to Southern Africa, May 2007
ICRAF Malawi (Simon Mn’gomba) explaining development of new Miombo fruit tree clones
“Given the problems of deforestation and wood energy scarcity, promotingnew tree varieties must be a top priority for Africa – Tony Blair”
The United Nations Environment Programme launched its "Plant for the Planet: Billion Tree Campaign" with support from Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai and His Serene Highness Prince Albert II of Monaco, and in cooperation with the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).
Link to high-profile initiatives such as Billion Tree Campaign
African Fruit Tree Network
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