Internet of Things - buyya.combuyya.com/papers/IoT-Book2016-C1.pdfInternet of Things Principles and Paradigms Rajkumar Buyya Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory
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Internet of ThingsPrinciples and Paradigms
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Internet of ThingsPrinciples and Paradigms
Rajkumar BuyyaCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory
Department of Computing and Information Systems
The University of Melbourne, Australia
Manjrasoft Pty Ltd, Australia
Amir Vahid DastjerdiCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory
Department of Computing and Information Systems
The University of Melbourne, Australia
Edited by
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Notices
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Publisher:
Acquisition Editor:
Editorial Project Manager:
Project Manager:
Designer:
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Contents
PART I IoT ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND ARCHITECTURES
CHAPTER 1 Internet of Things: An Overview 3
F. Khodadadi, A.V. Dastjerdi, R. Buyya
1.1
1.2 5
5
5
5
5
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
vi Contents
1.10
1.11
1.12
CHAPTER 2 Open Source Semantic Web Infrastructure for Managing IoT Resources in the Cloud 29
N. Kefalakis, S. Petris, C. Georgoulis, J. Soldatos
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
CHAPTER 3 Device/Cloud Collaboration Framework for Intelligence Applications 49
Y. Yoon, D. Ban, S. Han, D. An, E. Heo
3.1
3.2
3.3 50
50
3.4
3.5
3.6
CHAPTER 4 Fog Computing: Principles, Architectures, and Applications 61
A.V. Dastjerdi, H. Gupta, R.N. Calheiros, S.K. Ghosh, R. Buyya
4.1
4.2
4.3
viiContents
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
PART II IoT ENABLERS AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 5 Programming Frameworks for Internet of Things 79
J. Krishnamurthy, M. Maheswaran
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
viii Contents
CHAPTER 6 Virtualization on Embedded Boards as Enabling Technology for the Cloud of Things 103
B. Bardhi, A. Claudi, L. Spalazzi, G. Taccari, L. Taccari
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
CHAPTER 7 Micro Virtual Machines (MicroVMs) for Cloud-Assisted Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) 125
J.V. Pradilla, C.E. Palau
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
ixContents
PART III IoT DATA AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 8 Stream Processing in IoT: Foundations, State-of-the-Art, and Future Directions 145
X. Liu, A.V. Dastjerdi, R. Buyya
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
CHAPTER 9 A Framework for Distributed Data Analysis for IoT 163
M. Moshtaghi, C. Leckie, S. Karunasekera
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
x Contents
PART IV IoT RELIABILITY, SECURITY, AND PRIVACY
CHAPTER 10 Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things 183
V. Chellappan, K.M. Sivalingam
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
CHAPTER 11 Internet of Things—Robustness and Reliability 201
S. Sarkar
11.1
11.2
11.3
xiContents
CHAPTER 12 Governing Internet of Things: Issues, Approaches, and New Paradigms 219
M. Maheswaran, S. Misra
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
CHAPTER 13 TinyTO: Two-Way Authentication for Constrained Devices in the Internet of Things 239
C. Schmitt, M. Noack, B. Stiller
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
xii Contents
CHAPTER 14 Obfuscation and Diversification for Securing the Internet of Things (IoT) 259
S. Hosseinzadeh, S. Hyrynsalmi, V. Leppänen
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
PART V IoT APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 15 Applied Internet of Things 277
S.J. Johnston, M. Apetroaie-Cristea, M. Scott, S.J. Cox
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
CHAPTER 16 Internet of Vehicles and Applications 299
W. Wu, Z. Yang, K. Li
16.1
xiiiContents
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
CHAPTER 17 Cloud-Based Smart-Facilities Management 319
S. Majumdar
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
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xv
List of Contributors
D. AnKeimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, South Korea
M. Apetroaie-CristeaFaculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
D. BanSamsung Electronics, South Korea
B. BardhiDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
R. BuyyaCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Manjrasoft Pty Ltd, Australia
R.N. CalheirosCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
V. ChellappanDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
A. ClaudiADB Broadband S.p.A., Viale Sarca, Milano, Italy
S.J. CoxFaculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
A.V. DastjerdiCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
C. GeorgoulisAthens Information Technology, Marousi, Greece
S.K. GhoshDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
H. GuptaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
S. HanSamsung Electronics, South Korea
xvi List of Contributors
E. HeoSamsung Electronics, South Korea
S. HosseinzadehDepartment of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland
S. HyrynsalmiDepartment of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland
S.J. JohnstonFaculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
S. KarunasekeraDepartment of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
N. KefalakisAthens Information Technology, Marousi, Greece
F. KhodadadiCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
J. KrishnamurthySchool of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
C. LeckieDepartment of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
V. LeppänenDepartment of Information Technology, University of Turku, Finland
K. LiDepartment of Computer Science, State University of New York, NY, United States of America
X. LiuCloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
M. MaheswaranSchool of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
S. MajumdarDepartment of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
S. MisraEricsson Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
M. MoshtaghiDepartment of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia
M. NoackCommunication Systems Group CSG, Department of Informatics IFI, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
C.E. PalauDistributed Real-Time Systems Research Group, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación at the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain
xviiList of Contributors
S. PetrisAthens Information Technology, Marousi, Greece
J.V. PradillaEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación at the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Spain
S. SarkarDepartment of CSIS, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K.K.Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
C. SchmittCommunication Systems Group CSG, Department of Informatics IFI, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
M. ScottFaculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
K.M. SivalingamDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
J. SoldatosAthens Information Technology, Marousi, Greece
L. SpalazziDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
B. StillerCommunication Systems Group CSG, Department of Informatics IFI, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
G. TaccariPar-Tec S.p.A., Milano, Italy
L. TaccariDepartment of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
W. WuDepartment of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Z. YangDepartment of Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Y. Yoon
Hongik University, Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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xix
Rajkumar Buyya
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Journal of Software: Practice and Experience
Amir Vahid Dastjerdi
About the Editors
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xxi
Preface
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ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK-
1.
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xxii Preface
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xxiii
Acknowledgments
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Rajkumar Buyya
The University of Melbourne and Manjrasoft Pty Ltd, Australia
Amir Vahid Dastjerdi
The University of Melbourne, Australia
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PART
1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 OPEN SOURCE SEMANTIC WEB INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MANAGING IoT RESOURCES IN THE CLOUD. . . . . . . . 29
3 DEVICE/CLOUD COLLABORATION FRAMEWORK FOR INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4 FOG COMPUTING: PRINCIPLES, ARCHITECTURES, AND APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
IoT ECOSYSTEM CONCEPTS AND ARCHITECTURES
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3
CHAPTER
INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
F. Khodadadi*, A.V. Dastjerdi*, R. Buyya*,**
*Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (CLOUDS) Laboratory, Department of Computing
and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia **Manjrasoft Pty Ltd, Australia
1.1 INTRODUCTION
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4 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
FIG
UR
E 1
.1 Io
T E
cosy
stem
51.2 INTERNET OF THINGS DEFINITION EVOLUTION
1.2 INTERNET OF THINGS DEFINITION EVOLUTION
1.2.1 IoT EMERGENCE
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1.2.2 INTERNET OF EVERYTHING
1.2.3 INDUSTRIAL IoT
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1.2.4 SMARTNESS IN IoT
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6 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
1.2.5 MARKET SHARE
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FIGURE 1.2 IoT Trend Forecast [13]
71.3 IoT ARCHITECTURES
1.2.6 HUMAN IN THE LOOP
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1.2.7 IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
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1.3 IoT ARCHITECTURES
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8 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
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1.3.1 SOA-BASED ARCHITECTURE
FIGURE 1.3 A Reference Architecture for IoT
91.3 IoT ARCHITECTURES
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1.3.2 API-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
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10 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
1.4 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT-
1.4.1 RESOURCE PARTITIONING
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Containers -
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111.4 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
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1.4.2 COMPUTATION OFFLOADING
FIGURE 1.4 Taxonomy of Resource Management in IoT
12 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
1.4.3 IDENTIFICATION AND RESOURCE/SERVICE DISCOVERY
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1.5 IoT DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYTICS-
131.5 IoT DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYTICS
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1.5.1 IoT AND THE CLOUD
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1.5.2 REAL-TIME ANALYTICS IN IoT AND FOG COMPUTING
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151.6 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
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1.6 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
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FIGURE 1.5 Typical Fog Computing Architecture
Table 1.1 Cloud Versus Fog
Fog Cloud
16 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
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1.6.1 NETWORK LAYER
1.6.2 TRANSPORT AND APPLICATION LAYER
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FIGURE 1.6 Use of Various Protocols in IoT Communication Layers
171.6 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
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Table 1.2 IoT Communication Protocols Comparison
Protocol
Name
Transport
Protocol Messaging Model Security Best-Use Cases Architecture
DDS
18 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
1.7 INTERNET OF THINGS APPLICATIONS
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1.7.1 MONITORING AND ACTUATING
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191.8 SECURITY
1.7.2 BUSINESS PROCESS AND DATA ANALYSIS
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Society level
Industry level
Organizational level
Individual level
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1.7.3 INFORMATION GATHERING AND COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION
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1.8 SECURITY
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20 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
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Table 1.3 List of IoT-Related Projects
Name of Project/Product Area of Focus
211.10 PRIVACY
1.9 IDENTITY MANAGEMENT AND AUTHENTICATION
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1.10 PRIVACY
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22 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
1.11 STANDARDIZATION AND REGULATORY LIMITATIONS-
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1.12 CONCLUSIONS
Table 1.4 IoT Standards
Organization Name Outcome
23REFERENCES
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24 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
25REFERENCES
26 CHAPTER 1 INTERNET OF THINGS: AN OVERVIEW
27REFERENCES
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