Inlet Temperature Sensitivity Presentation · Presentation Summary ... Turbo-Generator Turbo-Compressor Recuperator ... Microsoft PowerPoint - Inlet Temperature Sensitivity Presentation.pptx
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Page 1Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Sensitivity of an Operating
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
to Compressor and Turbine Inlet Temperature
Eric Clementoni
Bechtel Marine Propulsion CorporationBettis Atomic Power LaboratoryWest Mifflin, PA
Page 2Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Presentation Summary
• sCO2 Brayton Cycle Integrated Systems Test
(IST) Overview
• Compressor Inlet Temperature Sensitivity
– System Control
– Test Results
• Turbine Inlet Temperature Sensitivity
– System Control
– Test Results
Page 3Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
• 100 kWe IST has been main sCO2 development
focus of BMPC
• Simple Brayton cycle
– Single variable speed turbine-compressor
– Single constant speed turbine-generator
– Single recuperator
• Focus on system control
– Rapid startup
– Power changes
– Shutdown
IST Overview
CompressorTurbine
Heat
Source
Generator Turbine
Recuperator
Precooler
Sea WaterCooling
Water
Page 4Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
IST Physical Layout
Hot Oil System
Turbo-Generator
Turbo-Compressor
Recuperator
Precooler
Turbine Throttle Valves
Compressor Recirculation Valve
Leakage Collection Compressors
Page 5Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
IST Physical Layout
Turbo-Generator
Recuperator
Precooler
Turbo-Compressor (not
visible)
Page 6Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
IST Turbomachinery
Turbo-Generator
Turbo-Compressor
Compressor/Diffuser Turbine
Thrust Bearing
Page 7Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Normal Thermal-Hydraulic Control
IHX
GenMot/
Gen
Pre
coo
ler
Recuperator
Load regulated to
maintain 60,000 rpm
shaft speed
No load
PI control
regulates
TC shaft
speed
TC speed
setpoint
function of
TG load
setpoint
T T C
Page 8Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
IST Efficiency vs. Power
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Cy
cle
Eff
icie
ncy
Output Power (kW)
Page 9Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Compressor Inlet Temperature
Sensitivity Overview
IHX
GenMot/
Gen
Pre
coo
ler
Recuperator
Load regulated to
maintain 60,000 rpm
shaft speed
No load
PI control
maintains
TC shaft
speed at
setpoint
TC speed
setpoint
fixed at
48,670 rpm
T T CHeater power
automatically controlled
to maintain CO2 outlet
temperature of 440°F
System mass held constant,
compressor inlet pressure varies
based on system conditions
Chilled water flow
automatically controlled
to obtain desired
compressor inlet
temperature
Range: 90-102°F
Page 10Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104
Pre
ssu
re (
psi
a)
Compressor Inlet Temperature (F)
Compressor Inlet Pressure
Compressor Outlet Pressure
Compressor Inlet Density
De
nsi
ty (
lbm
/ft3
)
Compressor Inlet Conditions
Normal IST operating
conditions
Page 11Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Compressor Flow & Brayton Power
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104
Co
mp
ress
or
Flo
w (
lbm
/s)
or
Bra
yto
n O
utp
ut
Po
we
r (k
W)
Compressor Inlet Temperature (F)
Brayton Output Power
Compressor Flow
Page 12Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Cycle Efficiency
5.0%
5.1%
5.2%
5.3%
5.4%
5.5%
5.6%
90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104
Bra
yto
n C
ycl
e E
ffic
ien
cy
Compressor Inlet Temperature (F)
Page 13Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Cycle Efficiency
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Cy
cle
Eff
icie
ncy
Output Power (kW)
Page 14Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Cycle Efficiency
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Cy
cle
Eff
icie
ncy
Output Power (kW)
91°F103°F
Page 15Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Turbine Inlet Temperature
Sensitivity Overview
IHX
GenMot/
Gen
Pre
coo
ler
Recuperator
Load regulated to
maintain 60,000 rpm
shaft speed
No load
Valve
position
fixed at
36% open
TC speed
varies with
turbine inlet
temperature
T T CHeater power
automatically controlled
to maintain CO2 outlet
temperature
Range: 390-440°F
System mass held constant,
compressor inlet pressure varies
based on system conditions
Chilled water flow
automatically controlled
to obtain desired
compressor inlet
temperature of 96°F
Page 16Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Power and Compressor Speed
40000
42000
44000
46000
48000
50000
52000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450
Bra
yto
n O
utp
ut
Po
we
r (k
W)
Turbine Inlet Temperature (F)
Brayton Output Power
Compressor Speed
Co
mp
ress
or
Sp
ee
d (
rpm
)
Page 17Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Cycle Efficiency
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450
Bra
yto
n C
ycl
e E
ffic
ien
cy
Turbine Inlet Temperature (F)
Page 18Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Cycle Efficiency
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Cy
cle
Eff
icie
ncy
Output Power (kW)
440°F
390°F
Page 19Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Summary
• IST response to varying compressor and
turbine inlet temperatures consistent with
most expectations
– Cycle efficiency benefit from reducing compressor
inlet temperature diminished in a fixed mass
system
– Cycle efficiency vs. output power appears to not
be strongly influenced by turbine inlet
temperature
Page 20Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles Symposium March 29-31, 2016
Acknowledgements
• This presentation summarizes work that has
been performed a number of devoted
engineers, scientists, technicians, and support
personnel at the Bechtel Marine Propulsion
Corporation and our subcontractors. This
paper would not be possible without the
efforts of this team.
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