Industrial Revolution

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

Here is what will we cover in this unitHere is what will we cover in this unit

Causes of industrial revolution Development of factory system and its effects on workers Working conditions in factories Benefits and problems of industrial revolution Economic Theories Socialism / Communism as a response to industrial revolution

Karl Marx and his goals, socialist ideas in factories Social reform in Britain, France, Germany How industrialization affected the balance of power, and liberalism Scientific changes - Darwinism The Arts –Romanticism, Impressionism, RealismYEP, Your are right – it is a lot. (OH NO! I SAID IT!)

Traditional Farming Methods

Traditional Farming Methods

1. List all of the MACHINES in the picture.

2. How many POWER SOURCES are in the picture?

3. What SOCIAL CLASSES are represented here?

4. Using the picture, write a sentence describing life before industrialization.

The Agricultural RevolutionThe Agricultural Revolution

What happens when farmer Bob plants the same crop in his field year after year?

Wheat

Middle Ages Crop rotation

3 field system

Rotate Crops each year

Nothing

Wheat

Problem – Only 2/3 of the land is used each year

Wheat

Nothing(“Fallow”)

Wheat

Corn

Clover

Year one = Corn, Year 2 =wheat, Year 3= potatoes or clover

Clover– puts nutrients back in the soil, cows love it. Cows add manure

How about this? Instead of rotating the fields, we rotate what crops are grown in those fields.

Yum!

more cows = more meat = more protein = better diet = longer life = more people = exploding population

Inventions that help even moreInventions that help even more

Jethro Tull and his “seed drill” Plant in nice neat rows. Plants have more room to grow, more plants grow and survive which leads to more food

Notice the Difference?Notice the Difference?

Results of these ideasResults of these ideas

More food leads to more people More people leads to need for more jobs

More foodMore food

Enclosure MovementEnclosure Movement

Large landowners begin fencing in their property.

Small farmers not allowed to graze cattle there or to farm there.Small farmers go out of business and need to find other ways to make money.

Result – people move to cites to find work

If ya don’t pay rent, then get off me land you lowlife peasant!

This is for MY sheep only

now!

I wonder where the nearest city

is?

Enclosure Movement

1500’s – Domestic System 1500’s – Domestic System People make items – particularly cloth, at home.

The word Domestic means “at home” Entrepreneurs supply them with the wool and they spin it into thread and make it into cloth at home.Often called “Cottage Industry”

By the 1700s – with more food leading to more people, there was a greater need for items such as cloth

Cottage industry methods cant keep upNeed a new idea

Cottage Industry

Crimey! A man can’t even get a pair o’ trousers

anymore!

I can’t keep up with all of this work!!

Necessity is the Mother of InventionNecessity is the Mother of Invention

We need more cloth, so someone is bound to step up and figure out a way to make it faster.

Why? To make money. “Greed is good”

Out with the old…Out with the old… Water power begins to be used to speed up the

process. Powers machines that can work faster than human hands

– “Spinning Jenny,” “Flying Shuttle” etc

English Textile industry takes off. Problems - Need to set up near a water source.

Cant do this at home. End of the Domestic System and beginning of the Factory System

– still use today.

Water powers shafts, Shafts power belts, which power the machines

So, what do you think of the working conditions?

Girls – that long hair may be an issue.

Working in a textile mill

Quick ReviewQuick Review

3 Field System Crop Rotation

Clover Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill

Enclosure Movement Domestic System

Textiles Factory System

How did each of the items below lead to the Industrial Revolution?

The Problem of FuelThe Problem of Fuel

Going…Going….GoneGoing…Going….Gone 1700s England Population rising.

People need fuel for heat, cooking etc.Traditional source of heat – wood

Cut down trees for firewood. More people = more trees cut down.

Tree Huggers Are Sad

Soon, no more trees.

Need a solution

More Fuel ProblemsMore Fuel Problems

More Textile Mills opening up. Originally use water power.

Problems: Only so much space on the rivers and streams.

Blimey!, There’s no room left!!

More Fuel ProblemsMore Fuel Problems

Textile Mills opening up. Originally use water power.

Problems: Only so much space on the rivers and streams.What do you do in the summer when the rivers get low?What do you do in the winter when the rivers freeze over?

The Solution - CoalThe Solution - Coal

Burns longer and hotter than wood.

England has plenty of it.

Some Fringe BenefitsSome Fringe Benefits

Coal gas used to light street lightsCities not as dark anymoreFactories can work longer – Make more stuff– No longer work from Sunrise to Sunset

Now we work according to the clock

– The whole cycle feeds off of itself

The Problem - WaterThe Problem - Water Problem:

Notice where the coal is?English coal mines keep flooding.

Solution: Get rid of the water.

How? Create a pump.

Bonus -The pump can be powered by coal. Pretty ingenious huh?

You said Watt??You said Watt??

James Watt – creates a pump that works.

Pumps water out of coal mines

YEEEEAAAAHHHH!!!! Now we can get the coal!!!

OK, next step – getting the coal to the houses that need it. OK, next step – getting the coal to the houses that need it.

Copied from http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brummettconcise/chapter98/medialib/thumbs/ch24_514.html

•Coal is in the north.

•Main city (London) is in the south.

•How do you get coal from the point of production to the point of use?

The Solution - CoalThe Solution - Coal Now you can build a factory

anywhereWhere would YOU build?

NOW I’LL Show

Them!!

Hehehe, eat my soot!!!!

I’m a coal fired, steam powered monster factory!

Coal’s Effect on IndustryCoal’s Effect on Industry Now look what happens:

Coal is the new super fuel. Iron foundries use that coal to produce more iron.

– Factories need more and more coal to keep up

First step – Horse and cartCarts do not hold much

Second idea - put it on boats (barges).

Canals dug throughout England

Coal shipped throughout Britain

Powers and heats houses and factories

•Of course it has its problemsOf course it has its problems

–Barges are pulled by horses

–Can only move as fast as a walking horse

Enter the “Rocket”Enter the “Rocket”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/rocket/index_embed.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/rocket/index_embed.shtml

Need to get coal to foundries fasterNeed to get coal to foundries faster

1829 George Stephenson uses Watts steam engine and hooks wheels up to it

Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.”

– Steam engine powered by coal.

Need to get coal to foundries fasterNeed to get coal to foundries faster

1829 George and Robert Stephenson use Watt’s steam engine and hook wheels up to it

Creates a locomotive – “The Rocket.” – Steam engine powered by coal.

Rides along on iron rails– Now they can use trains to transport the coal

to London even faster. Problem – the iron rails don’t hold up

well.What to do?

Bessemer to the Rescue!!Bessemer to the Rescue!! 1850s Henry Bessemer creates new

process for making iron.

Turns out his iron is much stronger than ordinary iron. He has made STEEL

Voilla!! The solution is at hand. Replace the iron rails with steel rails. NOW we have the beginnings of modern trains.

Meanwhile, over in the USMeanwhile, over in the US

Robert Fulton hooks Watts steam engine up to a set of paddle wheels

Invents the first ship powered by steam– The “Clermont”

Now transportation between US and Europe is cut considerably

About the same time…About the same time…

Samuel Morse invents telegraph and code to send messages.

By 1851 a cable from England to Europe capable of sending messages quickly from England to the continent.

Long Term Effects We Will SeeLong Term Effects We Will See British Empire Expanding

Colonies in Africa, Middle East, India and Asia. British Navy

– using Watts steam engine and Fulton's ideas steam powered warships

Telegraphs enable British to send messages quickly around their empire.

– Always know what is happening around their empire– Ships can travel throughout the empire more quickly.

BUT they need coaling stations every few hundred miles Colonies develop from coaling stations

Look at the Chain of EventsLook at the Chain of Events

Agricultural advancements lead to more people Growing population needs cloths Water powered mills make cloths Not enough room for mills Mills powered by coal Need to pump water out of coal mines Steam powered pump More coal to power factories – which then need more coal Steam powered trains to transport the coal

Steam powered ships to transport British navy using coal / steam Need for coaling stations to refuel ships going to India / Asia Development of new colonies (in Africa) Height of British Empire

Thus Leading to the Next UnitThus Leading to the Next Unit

Imperialism more on this to follow

So, here is the question:So, here is the question: Why did it start in Britain and not somewhere else in

Europe?Why not France, or Germany or Austria or Italy or Russia?

British had many advantages– Stable Government– government Laissez Faire policies provide easy chance for industries

to grow– growing population– plenty of resources– overseas colonies which will provide British with a market for goods

(mercantilism)

Importance of the Steam EngineImportance of the Steam Engine Invention radically transformed the

world from an agricultural society into an industrial one.

Moved our modern world from a 90% rural basis to a 90% urban basis.

Answer this:Answer this:

How do we get electricity today? How do we create it?