Indonesia Water and Sanitation Networking. Indonesia water and Sanitation Magazine. August 2008
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From Editor 1
Your Voice 2
Main Report
Knowing Various Network 3
Water and Sanitation (Watsan) Networking 5
International Sanitation Year
Around International Sanitation Year 9
Interview
Networking to develop WSES 11
Regulation
Law No 18 Year 2008 On Solid Waste Management 14
Insight
Solid Waste Management Technology in PLTSa Gede Bage Bandung 16
Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Content of Underground Water 18
In The Next Five Years, Tetaf Village Will Become Prosperous Village 20
Knowing Brief Participative Learning 22
Innovation
Ecoplas Environmental Friendly Bag Made From Cassava 25
Our Guest
Building Water Conservation in Sindang Kahuripan 26
Reportage
Visit from the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste Delegation
to Indonesia 28
Inspiration
Unsustainable City 30
Reflection
Dry Toilet for Dense Settlements and Areas Lack of Water 31
ISSDP Roundabout 32
WASPOLA Roundabout 34
WES-UNICEF Roundabout 36
STBM Roundabout 38
NETWORK Roundabout 39
WSES Roundabout 40
Program
SToPS, Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing 47
IATPI Clinic 48
CD Info 49
BOOK Info 50
WEBSITE Info 51
WSES Publication 52
Agenda
Information Media for Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitation
Published by:Water Supply and Sanitation
Working Group
Advisor:Director General for Human Settlement,
Department of Public Works
Board of Trustee:Director of Settlement and Housing, National
Development Planning AgencyDirector of Water and Sanitation,
Ministry of HealthDirector of Water Supply Development,
Department of Public WorksDirector of Natural Resources and AppropriateTechnology, Director General on Village and
Community Empowerment,Department of Home Affairs
Director for Facilitation of Special PlanningEnvironment Management,Department of Home Affairs
Chief Editor:Oswar Mungkasa
Board of Editor:Zaenal Nampira,Indar Parawansa,
Bambang Purwanto
Editor:Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy,
Raymond Marpaung, Fanny Wedahuditama
Design/Illustrator:Rudi Kosasih
Production:Machrudin
Distribution:Agus Syuhada
Address:Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.comredaksi@ampl.or.id
oswar@bappenas.go.id
Unsolicited article or opinion itemsare welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief andaccompanied by identity.
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id
Every year we celebrate various themes related to drink-
ing water and environmental sanitation, like World's
Water Day, Toilet Day, Environmental Day, Earth Day,
and many more. Not to mention each year we also celebrate va-
rious others themes, and coincidentally this year is International
Sanitation Year.
These celebrations now
become a paradox. The original
idea of each celebration is to
remind us of many important
things we forgot in our daily
activities. But later on, these
celebrations has slipped into
becoming one of our yearly
routine. They've gotten only as
far as how we celebrate and not
how we start something so that
the celebration can become
more meaningful. We're too
busy preparing exhibitions,
launching policies by President
or Minister, and many other
things.
This condition is then
reflected through water supply
and environmental sanitation
services coverage, which until
now hasn't increased much
from 50% and only 65% for
basic sanitation. There are still
70-100 million citizens of
Indonesia that haven't received
proper water supply and envi-
ronmental sanitation services.
While we have celebrate
World's Water Day each year
for quite some time now, and
there were many policies launched and promise told each year.
This celebration has become a routine. A change of attitude
is needed so that we -governments, non governments, and com-
munity- can together change those celebrations into a start of
something meaningful.
The effect of each celebration is actually quite significant, but
then each stakeholder is competing in celebrating them indivi-
dually, and accordingly, the follow ups was done individually
too. This condition has become concerning in the past few years.
Water supply and sanitation development has not reached opti-
mal results. Service coverage is going no where, while much
infestation has been contributed.
Cooperation between stakeholders is needed. This theme
then became the main topic of
this edition. How can everyone
work together in water and
environmental sanitation
(WSES) development. Today in
Indonesia a water and environ-
mental sanitation networking
(Watsan Networking) has been
established to become a place to
synergize information poten-
tial, knowledge and informa-
tion between stakeholders in a
mutual relationship that bene-
fits everyone in WSES develop-
ment. We all hope so that this
goal can be accomplished.
Therefore, the history of watsan
networking, interview with the
founders, and watsan network-
ing activities so far, are the
main focus in this edition. And
also included networking in
abroad.
Besides that also presented
some samples of real activity
from WSES development
activist like Ully Sigar Rusadi
with her commitment to con-
serve nature, Neni Sinta-
wardani with her dry toilet
innovation, and latest innova-
tion plastic bag from cassava
produced by Dana Mitra Lingkungan.
Other interesting article is about Law No 18/2008 on
waste management. This law is a government effort to provide a
better and healthier life warranty for Indonesian citizens. The
celebration of Environmental Day and Earth Day also shares
some portion with the hope that we all can make them an inspi-
ration. As wise man say "Keeping the earth safe for a heritage to
our children." OM
FROM EDITOR
1PercikAugust 2008
Source: Bowo Leksono
Insight Deepening
When covering the WSES working
group in Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi
Selatan, I got three editions of Percik and
some brochures and a promise of the next
editions. The magazine has deepened our
insight to better know the WSES work
group activities. The magazine and
brochure, after being read, were given as
a new collection to Iqra Reading Venue, a
community reading venue we have estab-
lished with several friends in Kelurahan
Tuwung Kecamatan Barru Kabupaten
Barru. Hopefully the reading can provide
better benefit to the community in under-
standing the importance of sanitation
and environmental improvement.
For the future, I'm hoping that our
reading venue can receive every edition of
Percik, and other readings relating with
WSES to increase our collection. Thank
you for kind attention.
Badaruddin AmirJournalist of Education World magazine
Education Agency of South Sulawesi ProvinceFounder of Iqra Reading Venue
Jl. Pramuka No. 108 Barru,South Sulawesi Province 90711
Ph 0427-322752, mobile: 081342138499Email: tamanbacaaniqra@yahoo.co.id
badarsaja@yahoo.co.id
Dear Mr. Badaruddin,
We will try to send the WSES-relat-
ing materials to the above address.
Thank you.
Difficulties in ObtainingEnvironmental Information
Dear Sir,
I am the alumni of environmental
engineering of Sapta Taruna Techno-
logical University (Sekolah Tinggi Tekno-
logi Sapta Taruna) of Jakarta. I have
read my friend's Percik magazine of
November 2007 edition. Percik magazine
has become a very good source of obtai-
ning information regarding environment,
sanitation, etc. Where I live, Sumbawa
Besar, it is very difficult to obtain infor-
mation regarding the environment. I am
very interested in getting Percik maga-
zine. I hereby enclosed my address: Jl.
Gurami No. 63a, RT 11 RW 04, Kelurahan
Seketeng Sumbawa Besar (NTB) 84311.
I'm really hoping to receive copies of
Percik magazine. Thank you for your kind
attention.Mukhlis, ST
Sumbawa Besar - NTBDearest Pak Mukhlis,
We will immediately send copies ofPercik magazine.
Elementary School thatimplies Green School
I'm interested when reading Percik
article in 2007 about green school. My
question is, is there any elementary
school that practices it?
Coincidentally I'm a member of West
Kalimantan student organization that has
programs in developing elementary edu-
cation for undeveloped remote areas,
especially in Kalimantan, that based on
environment. The global issue that has
been brought in Percik is quite up to date,
so we see it needed for us to access the
magazine.Untung Junandar
Student Dormitory Kalimantan Barat SurakartaJl. Anggur 1 No 15 Kerten Surakarta 57147
Dearest Pak Untung,
Elementary schools in Kapubaten
Kepulauan Seribu and DKI Jakarta have
implemented green school in local con-
tent subject.
Old Copies of Percik
We are from French NGO in coopera-
tion with Health Department, is interest-
ed in acquiring old copies of Percik mag-
azine, or even subscription, because
many data and articles that are related
with our focus (WASH, nutrition, etc).
Please give us the necessary information.
If it is needed, I can stop by at your office.
Thank You, Cheers!Rayendra
Assistan Head of Mission ACF IndonesiaOffice 6221 7220775Mobile 0816 903793
Dearest Pak Rayendra,
It will be better if you stop by to our
office to collect old copies of Percik.
Percik magazinesfor library
Dearest Percik editors,
My name is Darman Eka Saputra, a
teacher in SDN Sukaresmi Kampung
Talaga RT 02/04 Desa Cigunungherang
Cikalongkulon Cianjur. Please send
Percik magazine to us to add our library
collection.Darman Eka Saputra
SDN Sukaresmi Kampung TalagaCianjur
Dearest Pak Darman,
We will send Percik magazine as
requested. We hope it will be much of use.
YOUR VOICE
2 PercikAugust 2008
Created by: Rudi Kosasih
PHILIPPINE ECOLOGICAL SANITATION NETWORK (PEN)What is PEN?
PEN is an organized informal network consists of govern-
ment institutions (of the central, legislative, local), donor
agency, program/project, university and NGO.
Establishment History
On 2004, the 1st International Symposium on Low-cost
Technology Options for Water Supply and Sanitation was held at
Bohol, Philippine, which during preparation encourages coopera-
tion between stakeholders, starting from local government, cen-
tral government, NGO, private sector, and academician.
Ecosan was presented in the symposium. A working group
was formed to prepare an initial draft of the action plan of activi-
ty management relating with knowledge transfer, ecosan pilot
project, and establishment of PEN.
Initial Act
PEN's action was initiated when Clean Water Act of 2004
Implementing Rules and Regulations are being compiled. Input
was needed on sanitation option other than conventional sanita-
tion, namely ecological sanitation (ecosan). Furthermore, PEN
also held an important role of the promoter of Philippine
Sanitation Summit 2007 in Manila. PEN also assisted the Health
Department to held Southern Philippine Sanitation Summit
2007.
The Form of Organization
On the early stage, PEN is still in the informal form and rep-
resents lenient advocation organization, but after two years, in
consideration of increasing effectiveness, it was decided to for-
malize and registered it to the authority as nonprofit organiza-
tion. Resource mobilization is expected to be optimized.
Therefore, it was agreed to appoint several people as daily
operators to hold positions of president, vice president, secre-
tary, treasurer, and monitoring agency.
Member
Organizations that have officially become member are the
legislative (House of Representatives Committee on Ecology),
government institution (National Water Resources
Board/NWRB), Health Department, study center (Center for
Advanced Philippine Studies/CAPS), Institute for the
Development of Educational and Ecological Alter-
natives/IDEAS), universities (UP-National Engineering Center,
College of Chemical Engineering/Environmental Engineering
Program), donor agencies (German Technical Assistance/GTZ,
Water and Sanitation Program-East Asia Pacific/ESP-EAP),
NGOs (BNS-Borda), association (Solid Waste Management
Association of the Philippines/SWAPP), companies (Manila
Water Sewerage System/MWSS), projects (LWUA, ECO-ASIA-
Linaw Projects, Waste Water Projects, Sustainable Coastal
Tourism/SCOTIA).
Current Role
TSI 2008 launching was promoted by PEN. Furthermore,
PEN also took role in developing the Program of Sustainable
Sanitation for East Asia (SuSEA) - Philippine Component Year
2007-2010. SuSEA is a SIDA-funded project with the goal of
accelerating target achievement of MDGs' water and sanitation
targets in Indonesia and Philippine.
UGANDA WATER AND SANITATION NETWORK (UWASNET)UWASNET is a national umbrella organization of the NGO
and community-based organization in clean water and sanita-
tion of Uganda. It was established in February 2000 with the
support of Directorate of Water Development (DWD), Danida,
Water Aid and a cooperation working group of 11 NGOs, to uti-
lize potency of NGO and community-based organization in their
contribution of achieving the MDGs' targets.
Motto
Achieving clean water and sanitation access for all in Uganda
through effective coordination, better collaboration, and strate-
gic partnership.
Mission
UWASNET was established to strengthen coordination,
collaboration, and NGO's network and community-based
organization with other stakeholder in clean water and sanita-
tion sector in Uganda.
Vision
Contributing in reducing poverty through increasing access
to clean water and sanitation through effective coordination of
NGOs and community-based organization in the clean water
and sanitation sector of Uganda.
Working Group
UWASNET consists of 4 Working Groups namely:
MAIN REPORT
3PercikAugust 2008
KNOWING VARIOUS NETWORK
(i) Hygiene and Sanitation Working Group (HSWG), with the
goal of encouraging dialog between stakeholders to increase
awareness on hygiene and sanitation; (ii) Water and Sanitation
Technologies Working Group (WSTWG), with the purpose to be
a media of exchanging ideas and experiences regarding proper
technologies; (iii) Urban Water and Sanitation Working Group
(UWSWG), with the main purpose of encouraging better atten-
tion to the availability of clean water and sanitation for poor
people in the urban area; and (iv) Water and Sanitation for
Women and Children Working Group (WSWCWG), with the
purpose of encouraging attention to the interest of women and
children in clean water and sanitation development.
Program and Project
In order to maximize the work result of Clean Water and
Sanitation NGO, UWASNET develops two main programs of:
1. Coordination, Information and Network Program
The purpose of this program is to accelerate effective coordi-
nation, collaboration, and network between clean water and
sanitation NGO with other stakeholders. It is expected that
UWASNET member will be able to influence and respond poli-
cies, strategies, and implementations through the network and
information exchange.
The program objectives are (i) enabling the member to
exchange ideas and experiences with other stakeholders regard-
ing policy, strategy, and implementation; (ii) providing informa-
tion focal point regarding UWASNET or other issues related
with clean water and sanitation; (iii) guarantee continuity of
UWASNET.
Activities related with the program are (i) involvement in the
decision-making process, (ii) contribution of article writing in
the mass media; (iii) managing center of data and information;
(iv) providing consultancy service for the member; (v) publish-
ing routine newsletter.
2. Capacity Building Program
The purpose of this program is to enhance NGO capacity in
order to establish independent, dynamic, and effective NGO net-
work as the working partner of the government. Thus NGO is
expected to have an active role in achieving MDGs targets, have
the ability to respond government policy, and able to perform
innovative activities of clean water and sanitation.
THE SUSTAINABLE SANITATION ALLIANCE (SUSANA)Basis of Establishment
The main motivation of SuSana establishment was the UN
General Assembly decision to declare the Year 2008 as the
International Sanitation Year, which followed in the year 2007
by various sanitation development organizations in establishing
open sustainable sanitation network to support TSI 2008.
SuSana Purpose
Contributing in achieving MDGs' targets through promo-
tion of sustainable sanitation
Increasing awareness on sustainable sanitation solution
and promoting the awareness in large scale
Demonstrating the important role of sanitation in achiev-
ing the overall targets of MDGs
Changing the sanitation paradigm through promoting
reuse oriented sanitation approach without endangering
health
Main Focus
Main focus of SuSana is to promote sustainable sanitation
implementation in large scale water and sanitation program.
Special Objectives
Collecting and compiling information that will help deci-
sion maker in assessing various sanitation systems and
technologies by taking sustainable criteria into considera-
tion
Demonstrating reuse oriented sanitation
Collecting and presenting sanitation best practices with
regard to TSI 2008
Identifying and illustrating mechanism to replicate sustain-
able sanitation implementation including funding instru-
ment to provide pro-poor sanitation
Develop vision of how sustainable development can con-
tribute in achieving MDGs
In order to obtain these special objectives, general road map
for TSI 2008 has been compiled.
The Form of Organization
SuSana is not a new organization, but more as unbinding
organization network that cooperates, with open and active
nature in promoting sustainable sanitation. SuSana is supported
by several thematic working groups. OM from various sources.
MAIN FEATURE
4 PercikAugust 2008
Several years ago sustainable sanitation principles have beenagreed by Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
known as "Bellagio Principles for Sustainable Sanitation" on the 5thGlobal Forum, November 2000, namely:
(i) Human value, live quality and settlement environmental safetyshould be the basis of all sanitation approach.
(ii) In line with the good governance principles, decision makingshould involve participation of all stakeholders, especially cos-tumer and service provider.
(iii) Waste should consider to be resources and the managementshould be integrated and become part of integrated waterresources and waste management process.
(iv) Overcoming sanitation problems should be done in minimumsize as manageable (household, environment, city, catchmentarea). (source: WSSCC).
PRINCIPLE SUMMARY OF SUSTAINABLE SANITATION
The network was established
based on concerns of several par-
ties that realized that the issue of
clean water and environmental sanitation
are currently often being ignored and
have not become the attention and com-
mitment of decision makers both in
national or local level.
On the other side, government policy
in the WSES is not yet integrated. Many
programs are overlapping; stakeholders
with WSES concern are still working
alone without cooperation, while the
community awareness with regards to the
clean and healthy lifestyle is still consid-
erably low.
A more strategic coordination and
integration is required from various
stakeholders to inter-coordinate and
established bigger strength. Thus, a net-
work that can communicate the need and
interest of all parties is necessary so that
each party may have place to be able to
contribute and synergized to accelerate
goals achievements in the WSES develop-
ment.
Since the first Watsan Network meet-
ing on February 27th, 2007 in Bappenas
that reached agreement to build
Communication Network between stake-
holders in this sector, continued by a
more intensive meeting on July and
August 2007, a concept draft and strate-
gic directive of the future Watsan
Network. This concept is the basis of
agreement of Network members on
October, 8th 2007 and has become a
mandate to be accomplished by the direc-
tive teams.
Name and Explanation of the
Network
Watsan Network-INA is a forum to
synergized potencies of information,
knowledge and communication between
stakeholders in cooperation that presents
benefits for all parties.
Vision of Watsan Network is to pre-
sent the network as an effective forum of
WSES communication and information
in supporting stakeholders' participation
(of governments, private and community)
in the process of National development of
Indonesia.
Whereas the mission is to synergize
strategic and applicable programs through
application of partnership principles,
cooperation development of WSES mana-
gement, capacity building of the instituti-
on and the human resources, and in-
creasing the fund for WSES development.
Membership
In general, the Network is open,
inclusive, and independent; anyone can
be the Network member:
Individual, open for individuals with
any citizenship.
MAIN REPORT
5PercikAugust 2008
WATER AND SANITATION(WATSAN)NETWORKING
Signing agreement of Watsan Network establishment on October 8th, 2007 in Jakarta
Non Government Organization
(NGOs), independence organiza-
tions, government organization, or
academicals institutions with the
program and/or interest in the sec-
tors of education and environment.
International Organizations.
Projects/programs managed by go-
vernment or non government.
Organizational Structure
The organizational structure consists of
(i) member as directives of the Network po-
licy through the decision of the member
meeting; (ii) Steering Committee, with the
function of keeping the organization in line
with the need of the members; (iii) Chief of
operational, assists by general secretary and
task force, that runs the daily operation of
the organization.
Network Steering Committee
The committee is consist of 9 organi-
zations that represent various parties,
namely government, NGOs, donor, uni-
versity, companies, WSES project/pro-
gram team management of the following:
WSES working group, WASPOLA, JAS/-
GTZ, Air Kita/Europromocap IWAT, IHE
Indonesia, Plan Indonesia, ISSDP, Envi-
ronmental Engineering Department of
Trisakti University, and Tirta Pakuan
PDAM.
Task Force
The Task Force was established in
consideration of several main issues of
WSES context such as clean water, waste
management, sanitation, and clean and
healthy lifestyle. The four issues have
their own problems and management
approach. In the basis of diversity, the
Task Force was established in order for
every problem above to be able to be
more focused. The Task Forces are Waste
Management Task Force (GTPS),
Sanitation Task Force (GTS), Clean
Water Task Force, and Health and
Hygiene Task Force.
Work Program of the Network
1. Center of Information Sources
Building Data Integration Program,
Knowledge Information, and WSES
Program in the form of Data Base.
2. Capacity Building Program
Realizing community enforcement
and empowerment in sustainable
WSES development through
capacity sharing between the
Network members and related
outside parties, through trai-
ning/workshop/seminar through
methodology and best practices of
WSES.
3. Partnership Development Program
Developing internal partnership
between the member of the Network
and external parties by establishing
cooperation and good relation with
the parties outside the Watsan
Network to support the above pro-
grams.
4. Advocation
Encourage the WSES issues to be a
priority of government and public by
series of advocation activities invol-
ving various parties to build support,
policy decision--making, campaign
strategy, and solution review of the
WSES sector.
MAIN REPORT
6 PercikAugust 2008
MEMBER
STEERING COMMITTEE
CHIEF OF OPERATIONALOf WSES Working Group
(Oswar Mungkasa)
CLEAN WATER:Dit. PAM, Dep. PU
(Bambang Purwanto) &
FORKAMI (Abdullah)SECRETARIAT(Dini Haryati) &
Air Kita (Indriati)DATA & INFORMATION:Tim Pokja AMPL
ENFORCEMENT/CAPACITYBUILDING
Environmental EngineeringDept. Trisakti Univ.
(Rositayanti) &
ADVOCATION:Waspola
(Sofyan Iskandar) &JAS (Manfred Oepen)
PARTNERSHIP:Plan Indonesia & ESP
(Alwis Rustam)
SOLID WASTE MANAGE-MENT:DML
(Kemal Taruc)
HEALTH AND HYGIENE:Dit. PL, Depkes(Zainal Nampira)
SANITATION:ISSDP (Eri Trinurini)
&Dit. PLP, Dep. PU (Handy Legowo)
TASK FORCE
BIDANG
GENERAL SECRETARYISSDP (Syarif Puradimadja)
Waste Management Task Force
(GTPS)
To facilitate member of the Network
with interest in the waste sector, Solid
Waste Management Task Force (SWM-
TF) was established. The Task Force is
part of the Watsan Network that repre-
sents a forum to synergize potencies of
information, knowledge, and communi-
cation between WSES Network members
in the waste sector in cooperation that
benefits all parties.
SWM-TF coordinator, who is also
Executive Director of Dana Mitra
Lingkungan (DML), Kemal Taruc, to
Percik said that focus of the Task Force is
community-based solid waste manage-
ment in small scale. While for the strate-
gic objectives, Kemal said, is integration
of data, information, knowledge, and pro-
gram of SWM-TF, site availability as the
facility to access qualify information for
all WSES Network members in general
and SWM-TF especially, and realization
of community enforcement and empo-
werment in sustainable solid waste ma-
nagement.
Membership
Member of the Task Force is indivi-
duals or organizations such as DML, ESP,
Mercy Corps, etc., which are also part of
Watsan Network. According to Kemal,
the involved parties in SWM-TF are all
executors, observers, fans, commenta-
tors, critics, decision makers, decision
executors, decision proposer, people with
concern. "Everything is open for everyone
who interested in community-based solid
waste management".
SWM-TF initiated cooperation in the
form of information exchange through
mailing list and site, and information that
can be exchanged between members, and
off course, opportunity to broaden part-
nership network and everything else that
may came up from the Task Force.
According to Kemal, the public activi-
ty in the form of community-based solid
waste management represents important
effort that requires public acknowledge-
ment and political support (which means
budget, policy, etc.). "Not just a hobby of
solid waste managers in the RT-RW,
kelurahan, or housing complex, as it is
currently."
SWM-TF Activities
Until date, SWM-TF has performed
various activities, such as Community
Based Solid Waste Management Work-
shop in mid January 2008. Accordingly
with togetherness spirit of the Watsan
Network, the activity was held by syner-
gizing many parties, among others are
JBIC and Mercy Corps.
Recently, SWM-TF held meeting at
ESP office to discuss Solid Waste Ma-
nagement Law that has been legalized by
the Legislative on early April 2008. The
focus was not looking at every section of
the Law, but more at law and regulations
that were mandated, especially govern-
ment regulations.
"In the future, aside than meetings,
which basically is inviting one another
for activities which was initiated by one
of the members, a general activity is
going to be held, and is currently wait-
ing for the most appropriate form,"
Kemal said.
Sanitation Task Force (GTS)
GTS coordinator, Eri Trinurini Adhi
said that, as for other Task Forces, those
who involved in GTS are organizations and
individuals that have interest in sanitation
issues, both for organization's or indivi-
dual's interests. "An organization or indivi-
dual may join more than one Task Force."
GTS is currently continues to seek
memberships. Unlike solid waste issue,
the sanitation (waste water) issue is not
yet touched by many organizations.
Nevertheless, sanitation awareness has
gained more attention from organiza-
tions, either specifically, or together with
other relevant issues, such as clean water
and environment, health and education.
GTS Activities
In principle, Watsan Network is a
communication network. Thus, open and
sustainable communication of all stake-
holders is a necessity.
Inter-organization cooperation of
members or other organization outside
Watsan Network is customary for GTS to
run its mission; one example is the sim-
plified sewerage workshop that was held
recently in May 2008. The workshop
represents cooperation between National
Sanitation Technical Team, ISSDP, WSP-
EAP and Sanitation Task Force.
MAIN REPORT
7PercikAugust 2008
Solid Waste Management Task Force-Watsan Network held workshop of "Community Based Solid WasteManagement" on 16-17 January 2008 in Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono.
Here, GTS has a role of executor of the
activity with Sanitation Technical Team
and ISSDP as steering committee. GTS is
also actively providing support to the
DitJen Cipta Karya of Public Work
Department during International
Sanitation Year 2008 and World Water
Day.
According to Eri, the focus of GTS is
learning exchange between stakeholders
on the approach and approach models of
currently developing rural and urban sa-
nitation. "So far, there are many models
existed, especially the developing on site
model, however, it is still in a plot pro-
ject."
Learning between programs is impor-
tant to encourage new innovation. Fur-
thermore, GTS encourages the developed
model to be adapted by broader area and by
other stakeholders and the government.
GTS objective, said Eri, who is also
appointed as the Assistant for Team
Manager of the ISSDP, is establishment
of the data center and good cooperation
with organization, program and individ-
ual with commitment to the sanitation
development. "The work programs
among others are compiling data base of
the Task Force members, conduct
research, and held workshops."
Health and Hygiene Task Force
(GTKH)
WSES development is not merely
focus on the physical development, but
also behavior changes that presents an
inseparable part. Currently, WSES stake-
holders are active on encouraging beha-
vior changes through Community Based
Total Sanitation (STBM). To avoid over-
lapping programs, STBM activities need
to be synergized. Through the Watsan
Network, GTKH represents a forum to
increase synergy of WSES development
through STBM. Synergized steps are
expected to be more effective and effi-
cient.
Therefore, on 26-27 May 2008, by
coordination of Bappenas and Health
Department, a Workshop of Community
Based Total Sanitation was held in Bogor.
The opportunity was also used as the
launching moment of Health and
Hygiene Task Force, one of the Task
Forces under Watsan Network. The Task
Force is under coordination of
Directorate Environmental Health,
Health Department.
In the STBM workshop it was also
presented the draft of STBM National
Strategy by Kasubdit Water Health, who
is also coordinator of Health and Hygiene
Task Force, Zainal Nampira. There are 6
component of strategy, namely creating
conducive environment, increasing need,
increasing supply, knowledge manage-
ment, funding, monitoring and evalua-
tion. The National Strategy is also com-
pleted by work plan and indicator.
Activity Plan
Activity of the Health and Hygiene
Task Force is currently focused on the
Community Based Total Sanitation.
There are five main pillars of the STBM
activities, which are Open Defecation
Free (ODF), Washing Hands Using the
Soap (CTPS), Household Clean Water
Managament (PAM RT), Household
Waste Water Management, and
Household Solid Waste Management.
For the year 2008, from April to
December, series of related activities will
be performed by the Health and Hygiene
Task Force; starting from facilitating
STBM activity, providing guidelines, to
facilitating sanitation clinic on the local
level.
In the future, Health and Hygiene
Task Force is expected to be able to pro-
vide real contribution in the WSES deve-
lopment in Indonesia, especially in the
STBM activity. Active participation of the
Health and Hygiene Task Force in the
STBM activity is expected to decrease the
mortality number by diarrhea and other
sanitation-related diseases in Indonesia.
BW/DH.
MAIN REPORT
8 PercikAugust 2008
"Simplified Sewerage" discussion, held by Sanitation Task Force-Watsan Network in the Public WorkDepartment, Friday, April 25th 2008. Source: Bowo Leksono.
The declaration of InternationalSanitation Year on March 27th byMinister of Public Works, madequite an effect. Some districtshad done follow ups by celebra-ting International Sanitation Year
with various activities.
THE DECLARATION OF PUBLIC WORK
PROJECT IN BALI PROVINCE
As a part of the declaration of
International Sanitation Year, in
June 14th, the Department of
Public Works held a series of activities in
Denpasar, Bali. Starting with award given
by the Minister of Public Works to the
winner of children speech and painting
competition with save water and environ-
ment as theme. Then continued by decla-
ration of Denpasar Sewerage
Development Project (DSDP) and Trash-
Track Tukad Badung and Tukad Mati by
the President.
DSDP has started soon after the acci-
dent that causes some Japanese Tourists
in Bali to suffer dysentery, therefore
reducing Japanese Tourists up to 50 per-
cent. Hopefully, after DSDP is built then
the quality of water environment will
improve. Therefore, the image of Bali
tourism will be better.
Other fact that degrades the environ-
mental quality is the people still consider
river as a garbage disposal place. This condi-
tion causes shallow rivers and flood.
Community health level is degrading and
environmental esthetics is also bothered.
The development of Trash-Track is meant to
capture and extract the garbage found in the
river. Hopefully this effort will help reducing
environment quality degradation caused
by throwing garbage to the river.
The declaration of these two projects
is meant to remind us that sanitation and
tourism is closely related. This sentence is
said by the President in his speech that
tourism no longer consist only 4 S's, sun,
sand, sea, smile, but also consist sanita-
tion. Without proper sanitation then
tourism will never develop. OM
DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL
SANITATION YEAR IN NANGROE ACEH
DARUSSALAM (NAD)After 2004 tsunami, many things had
changed in NAD, including WSES devel-
opment. This condition is related with the
abundant support from donors and NGOs
that provides basic needs such as water
supply, sanitation, and waste manage-
ment. Knowing this, the governor of NAD
through Surat Keputusan No
699/66/2008 establish Tim Koordinasi
Penyelenggara Program Nasional AMPL
or known as WSES working group. The
presence of this working group hopefully
will give aid to synergize WSES develop-
ment in NAD.
As a part of WSES working group
socialization in NAD, NAD government in
cooperation with UNICEF, BRR, and GTZ
INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR
9PercikAugust 2008
Around InternationalSanitation Year
Without propersanitation then
tourismwill never develop.
Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono didampingi Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Djoko Kirmanto meresmikanproyek-proyek infrastruktur pekerjaan umum dan penyerahan bantuan langsung Program
Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri serta kredit usaha rakyat untuk Provinsi Bali di Denpasar.Foto: Repro Kompas.
held the Launching of International
Sanitation Year 2008 and Building WSES
Working Group Program in Banda Aceh
on June 12th 2008. This meeting was
opened by the District Assistant of NAD
Province, attended by donors, NGOs,
related department, and mass media.
Beside socializing Governor's Decision on
WSES Working Group, a socialization of
Community Based WSES Development
by WSES Working Group is also held in
the same occasion. Further more,
Mardan from Solok WSES Working
Group has the opportunity to explain his
experience in implementing WSES policy
in his region. The event is closed by the
explanation of Sanitation System
Implementation Guide by the GTZ.
The interesting part is, in the corner
of the main road is installed a big bally-
hoo and advertisement about this event.
Hopefully International Sanitation Year is
not only becomes the concern of the govern-
ment, but the people as well. (Sofyan)
DECLARATION OF WORLD WATER DAY
AND INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR
IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE.
Central Java Government by
Dinas Kimpraswil, PSDA, WSES
Working group in cooperation
in UNICEF and WASPOLA held the dec-
laration of World Water Day and
International Sanitation Year on May
29th 2008, in Kabupaten Kendal.
The event consist series of activities
such as Water and Sanitation Workshop,
attended by over 300 participants from
Central Java, Water and Sanitation
Poster Competition, Coloring and
Drawing themed "Healthy Environment"
participated by 60 children. And also is
held an exhibition themed water and san-
itation.
The main event is signed by the
speech and declaration, followed with
tree planting by the Governor of Central
Java. The Governor emphasizes the
importance of water supply by conserving
and environmental sanitation. (SBR)
WSES COORDINATION MEETING AND
DECLARATION OF INTERNATIONAL
SANITATION YEAR IN NUSA TENGGARA
BARAT PROVINCE
In Lombok Raya Hotel Mataram on
May 22nd-23rd 2008, is held
WSES Coordination Meeting and
Declaration of Internal Sanitation Year in
Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. This is
probably the first coordination meeting
in Indonesia that is held by Province
Government through its WSES Working
Group that invites related agencies from
each district/city. In this event, an open-
ing speech and declaration of Inter-
national Sanitation Year is done by the
head of NTB Bappeda, Lalu Faturrah-
man. Several agendas of International
Sanitation Year have been prepared. In
this Coordination Meeting is done some
main agendas such as district Strategic
Plan Finalization, and establishment of
WES UNICEF work plan. (OM)
INTERNATIONAL SANITATION YEAR
10 PercikAugust 2008
DiharapkanTahun SanitasiInternasional
menjadi bagian darikepedulian masyarakat
secara umum,bukan hanya pemerintah
saja.
Gubernur provinsi Jawa Tengah Ali Mufiz menanam pohon menandai Deklarasi Hari Air Dunia dan TahunSanitasi Internasional. Foto: Sobari.
INTERVIEW
11PercikAugust 2008
Networking to develop WSES
Why is it important to build theWatsan Network?
Establishment of the WatsanNetwork is initiated by concern of severalparties who realize that WSES issues arecurrently not the priority, thus receive onlyminor attention and commitment fromthe decision makers.
It is important to develop WSES sec-tors network in the framework of accele-rating policy reform of the WSES sectorstoward effective, accurate, and sustain-able WSES services. Relation and com-munication between stakeholders in theNetwork will establish commitment onWSES development acceleration, includ-ing more obvious, transparent, andaccountable role division.
Currently, the Network is still in theinformal nature because it is not yetlegally registered in the notary or in theLaw Department and Human Right. Thiswas done in purpose to provide opportuni-ty to all members of the Network to per-form first in this forum. After two or threeyears we will discuss the formal form ofthe Network. Even though, we have pre-pared the budget and code ethic of theNetwork, including form of the organiza-tion. As we know, there are four TaskForces in the Network (solid waste man-agement task force/SWM-TF, sanitationtask force/GTS, health and hygiene taskforce, and clean water task force) undercoordination of vice chief of the operator,and four working fields (data and infor-mation, capacity building, partnershipdevelopment, communication and avoca-tion) under coordination of the generalsecretary. These fields support the activi-ty of each task force. Supervision is con-ducted by the directive committee con-sists of nine institutions of whom are thefounders of the Network. In near date, wewill start to compile the work plan for theyear 2009, while for the year 2008 still inurgent situation, thus the activities arestill sporadic.
WASPOLA is committed to encouragethe process of knowledge sharingbetween stakeholders, including facilita-ting meetings and information swap;especially on capacity building, institutio-nal reform, and rising awareness.
Many hopes are set for the Network.Several roles to be expected among oth-ers are (i) improve coordination of WSESdevelopment in Indonesia; (ii) becomethe resource center including the supplyforum of advocacy materials; (iii) focalpoint of the WSES development inIndonesia; (iv) become the front guard ofpublic campaign. All of the aboveexpectancies are build to answer issuesof WSES development in Indonesia suchas (i) WSES data that are not in correla-tion with one another; (ii) difficulties inobtaining information regarding WSESlearning and best practices; (iii) there aremany executors of WSES developmentwith seemingly lack of coordinationamong WSES stakeholders; (iv) publiccampaign that have not got proper atten-tion.
As a complete forum of stakehold-ers, the Network is expected to be acce-leration media of adoption and imple-mentation of the National Policies, espe-cially the ones of community based, andalso become the sharing media, as wellas pressure advocacy on commitment ofvarious parties in the WSES develop-ment.
What is next for WatsanNetwork?
What is expected from WatsanNetwork?
Gary D. Swisher(WASPOLA)
In 8 October 2007, around 40 institutions consist of government, international institutions, NGOs, related project, universi-
ties, PDAM, regulatory committee and profession association have reach mutual agreement in establishing Watsan Network.
The network consists of nine Directive Team, namely WSES Working Group, WASPOLA, JAS/GTZ, Air Kita/Europromocap IWAT,
IHE Indonesia, Plan Indonesia, ISSDP, Environmental Engineering of Trisakti University, and PDAM Tirta Pakuan. The following
is review summary of each directive team on the necessity of Watsan Network and their expectancies.
Oswar Mungkasa(WSES Working
Group)
INTERVIEW
12 PercikAugust 2008
Didier Perez(Air Kita
Europromacap/IWAT)
Why is it important to build theWatsan Network?
For foreign institutions wanting toassist the environment sector inIndonesia is currently facing difficultiesand lack of coordination. We don't knowwhich partner to choose, is it the HealthDepartment, Bappenas, Public WorkDepartment, or PDAM? The WatsanNetwork is the most current and effectivetool.
A step for the interest of the publiccan not be done individually or alone. Wehave to think together and walk togethersustainably, although the awarenessmust come from each different indivi-dual.
I want to try to change the way ofIndonesian people thinks, because theirimage abroad requires improvement. Iwant to try to motivate donors, syner-gized, and improve credibility.
Donate thoughts and ideas. Becausethe Network has program of capacitybuilding of the Watsan Network, in thiscase focus on the capacity sharing amongmembers of the Network and other rela-ted parties outside the Network throughseminar, workshop, dialogue, thematicdiscussion, and review; and distributingexperience, review, strategy, and bestpractices of the WSES.
I don't want anything. I just want tohelp, I don't expect anything.
I hope the Network will be able tobuild a new environment-oriented cul-ture. Full devotion and attention for thesustainability of the environment free ofpollution. In the future, the WatsanNetwork is more integrated and sustain-able.
What is next for WatsanNetwork?
What is expected from WatsanNetwork?
Jan Yap(IHE)
Due to the limited resources/fund inimproving the quality and coverage ofWSES activities in Plan Indonesia.
Strengthen partnership and sharingof lesson learned with other institutions inthe WSES sector in improving WSES pro-gram in the Plan area.
WSES implementation in Indonesiawill be more integrated, and strengtheneach other and avoid overlaps of imple-mentation strategies.
Tofik Rochman(Plan Indonesia)
WSES sectors in Indonesia are stillbeing ignored in term of investment, re-gulation, policies, and public awareness.In the Watsan Network, commitment isrequired professionally. Therefore, ourcommitment is needed as the form ofour concern on clean water and sanita-tion.
Coordination of activities, data com-piling, developing training modules,research, establishing legal issues, tech-nical standards, etc. Furthermore, esta-blishing cooperation with policy makersof various sectors such as politics andeconomies.
We, as the member of the Network,hopes there will be a good coordination.We are looking forward to cooperate inthe funding and establishing activities bytaking strategy into consideration.Cooperation is also established to assistthe ignored WSES sectors.
Manfred(JAS)
INTERVIEW
13PercikAugust 2008
Why is it important to build theWatsan Network?
In order to provide clearer direction,accurate, and vast coverage of all WSESactivities executed by the member.Furthermore, through the Network, theWSES issues are expected to obtainmore attention in the National policies.
Compile, execute, and evaluateWSES activities accordingly with thecapacity and work program ofEnvironmental Engineering Dept. ofTrisakti Univ.
Better understanding between allstakeholders of WSES sector inorder to realize more beneficialactions.Support activities and programsbetween governments and non go-vernments in order to realize moreconsolidated social objectives.Establish mapping of various activi-ties in the same field of differentsector and area in order to under-stand the base line to be use as feedback in compilation of policy andstrategy reconsolidation of theWSES development in the nationallevel.Support for the program strengthen-ing on the goverment side to have aworkable program and political sup-port for funding .The establishment of harmoniza-tion, cooperation, and collaborationamoung stakeholder infocusing thepropure target services.
Acquiring synergy and broader part-nership in conducting the WSES activi-ties in the Environmental EngineeringDept. of Trisakti Univ.
What is next for WatsanNetwork?
What is expected from WatsanNetwork?
Rositayanti(Environmental
Engineering Dept. ofTrisakti Univ.)
Watsan Network is really importantas communication and socializationmedia regarding activities of clean waterand environmental improvement, for allWSES perpetrator, practitioner, academi-cian, and public.
Provide ideas, innovation, experienceor best practices in the WSES sector toimprove WSES in the National level.
Latest training and information ofthe WSES sector.
Henry Darwin(PDAM Tirta Pakuan
Kota Bogor)
To establish and develop effectivetwo-ways communication of all mem-bers and stakeholders to improve theservice of clean water and environmen-tal improvement. Through communica-tion raft in the form of Network will makeit very possible to establish synergy andcommitment in uniting a more focusvision.
SyarifPuradimadja
(ISSDP)
BW
There 3 focus activities: partnershipdevelopment, capacity building, andcommunication improvement thro-ugh advocacy and development andstrengthening of WSES data bank.There is also sectoral program focusin the sector of solid waste sanitationtask force development and beha-vior changes in the effort of provi-ding a more efficient and effectiveservice.
Since 2003, community that long for clean and healthy
environment is waiting for law on solid waste. The long
wait is finally over. On April, 9th 2008, Draft Law
(Rancangan Undang-undang- RUU) regarding Solid Waste
Management is approved by Plenary Meeting of Dewan
Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) of Republic of Indonesia.
The law that was academic paper of Environmental Ministry
team is Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste Management. The
Law represents government effort in providing guarantee of
healthy and clean life for the Indonesian.
Background of Solid Waste Management Law
Along with the growing population, solid waste is also con-
tinues to increase. However, solid waste increment is not mere-
ly on volume but also in type and quality. Meanwhile, current
solid waste management method is still using the old final dis-
posal (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir - TPA).
Various problems present not just in matter of cleanliness
and environmental pollution, but also in social aspect of friction
among community surrounding the TPA. Coarsely, almost all
cities in Indonesia, no matter big or small, do not have good
solid waste management.
Most treatment is with the same management of collect-
transport-dispose; a classic arrangement that should be ended
because it was proven to have flaws and tends to have negative
effect. Not just for the environment, but also for the people living
surrounding TPA.
Surely we remember explosion disaster in TPA Leuwigajah,
Cimahi, Jawa Barat that harmed hundreds of people. Not to
mention conflict of community around the location of integrat-
ed solid waste management (tempat pengolahan sampah ter-
padu - TPST) Bojong, Bogor, Jawa Barat or TPA Bantar Gebang
Bekasi that often appear in mass media. There are also solid
waste problems in other cities. This is not only impacted one
city, but also interrelated between cities.
Therefore, it is very important that solid waste law to be
issued. By issuance of Solid Waste Management, it is expected
that good, proper, healthy, safe, and environmentally-friendly
solid waste management will be realized. One important issue
regulated in this Law is paradigm changes in the solid waste
management, from currently just collecting, transporting, and
disposing to TPA, into solid waste management with 4Rs princi-
ples of reduce, reuse, recycle, recover.
Solid Waste Management Revolution
The term was initiated by Environmental Minister Rachmat
Witoelar who said that Solid Waste Management Law represents
solid waste management revolution, with which hopefully soon,
community will have clean and healthy environment.
As in Section 4 saying that "Solid waste management is
aimed in improving community's health and environmental
quality while treating solid waste as resources."
By application of the Solid Waste Management Law, since
legalization in the lembaran Negara, solid waste management
in Indonesia is arranged in new paradigm. All parties are
responsible, no matter community, government, or solid waste
REGULATION
14 PercikAugust 2008
Law No 18 Year 2008 On Solid WasteManagement
Source: Bowo Leksono
related-stakeholders.
As known, so far, in managing solid waste, most community
is still using the approach method of collect-transport-dispose.
The new paradigm sees solid waste as resources with economi-
cally value, for example to be used as energy, compos, fertilizer,
or industrial raw material.
Solid Waste Management Responsibility
In this Law, government is not the only one who responsible
on the solid waste problems. Community (household) and pri-
vate sector (solid waste producer) are also obliged to manage
solid waste accordingly with the Law.
This arrangement can be found in Section 12 verse (1) saying
"Everyone in managing solid waste of household and household-
alike are obliged to reduce and manage solid waste in environ-
mental-oriented method."
While Section 13 says "Managers of housing area, commer-
cial area, industrial area, special area, public facility, social faci-
lity, and other facility are obliged to provide solid waste separa-
tion facility."
In other words, the Law forces community to recycle in solid
waste management. Those who do not manage their solid waste
will be sanctioned accordingly with the regulation.
Other interesting thing regarding the Law is regarding regu-
lations for producers, such as Section 14 and 15. As obligation for
the community, producers also obliged to manage packing of the
product that cannot or difficult to be disintegrated. Government
will apply punishment and reward mechanism to the companies
that violated and do not manage their solid waste. No exception
to the community, both as individual or as community.
Responsibility of the Local Government
Before Law No. 18 Year 2008, there are no firm regulatory
standards regarding solid waste management in all
kabupaten/kota or province in Indonesia. Every kabupaten/kota
holds their local regulations, which cause different solid waste
management.
It is worsen by the fact that local governments are trapped in
retribution and sanctions issues to increase local revenue, more
than the responsibility of managing solid waste for greater good.
Through this Law, basic concept regarding solid waste ma-
nagement improvement can be realized in quick manner, cer-
tainly after the issuance of government regulation as guidance to
execute the Law. It will then followed by local regulation with
the framework of higher regulations.
In writing, Solid Waste Management Law forces local go-
vernment to manage solid waste, unless they want to be perse-
cuted or sanctioned. The regulation obliged local government to
manage solid waste within their area.
In Section 5, "Government and local government are respon-
sible to guarantee good and environmentally-oriented solid
waste management accordingly with the purpose as meant in
this Law."
Clean and healthy condition of an area from solid waste
problems is solely depends on intention and interest of the lead-
ers. Monitoring of the solid waste management is arranged in
bertingkat as mentioned in Section 30 verse (1) and (2). Series of
obligations for government and local governments regarding
solid waste management is included in the first law of solid
waste management.
All parties hopes, off course, that by taking this law into
action, solid waste problems of this country will be able to be
reduced. In the future, hopefully, Indonesia will be a country
that is no longer worry about solid waste, but in contrary, able to
provide job creation from the solid waste management. BW
REGULATION
15PercikAugust 2008
Source: Bowo Leksono
Solid Waste Power Plant Gede Bage that will be built at
Kabupaten Bandung apparently has caused pros and
cons in the development plan. Part of the community
rejected while the other part accepted, despite the issuance of
visibility study of the PLTSa operation by team from Institut
Teknologi Bandung (ITB).
Community has a right to know which process will be applied
in PLTSa, considering that solid waste management may also
cause sensitivity of social friction. Inaccurate or even mislead
information can be boomerang to the government in the appli-
cation of the PLTSa.
Despite the current pros and cons, community needs to
know that the treatment that will be applied in PLTSa Gede Bage
is an integrated treatment. The treatment will not merely burn
the solid waste, but will also generate products of electricity,
usable ash, and job creation. On the other hand, if the operation
is not conducted properly, environmental damage may rise in
the local and regional level which will have to be paid with a high
social cost by the community.
PLTSa Term
The term was created due to the energy generation process
from the treated solid waste in the PLTSa. The term is actually
quite risky, considering the high chance of incapability of solid
waste treatment that will generate electricity economically. This
is understandable, due to the high water content of solid waste
in Indonesia (which approximately may reach 60-80 percent),
that will decrease caloric and energy value that can be generated
from the solid waste.
For example, during the rainy season, where the water con-
tent of the solid waste is higher, the chance of PLTSa to generate
electricity will be decreased, and PLTSa may consume more
energy in order to treat the solid waste.
In the infrastructure term in relation with the above, there
are Water Treatment Installation (Instalasi Pengolahan Air -
IPA) and Waste Water Treatment Installation (Instalasi
Pengolahan Air Limbah - IPAL).
In order to maintain consistency, why not named it as Solid
Waste Treatment Instalation (Instalasi Pengolahan Sampah - IPS)?
Furthermore, IPS' main purpose is to treat solid waste, not to gener-
ate electricity. Electricity product or other usable product will only
represent side products of the solid waste treatment itself. By using
the term IPS, the function of solid waste treatment will be more gen-
eral, which is to treat/manage the solid waste.
Controlled Combustion
The technology used by PLTSa Gede Bage is controlled com-
bustion. PLTSa is designed to treat the capacity of 500 ton/day
or equal with the service of 850 thousand people of Kota
Bandung. While the solid waste generated in Kota Bandung with
2.6 million people (in the year 2007) is around 1,600 ton/day.
In this case, PLTSa Gede Bage will treat approximately 30
percent solid waste generated by Kota Bandung every day. The
Government of Kota Bandung is still have to find ways to treat
the other 70 percent of the solid waste that are not managed by
the PLTSa.
Solid waste from the solid waste disposal locations, such as
settlements, commercial, offices, industrials, until tourism
areas, will be transported by garbage truck. Solid waste collect-
ing which is normally done by garbage cart will be then trans-
ported to the Temporary Disposal Point (Lokasi Penampungan
Sementara - LPS).
INSIGHT
By Sandhi Eko Bramono, S.T., MEnvEngSc. *)
16 PercikAugust 2008
Solid Waste ManagementTechnology in PLTSa Gede
A banner contains support for PLTSa Gede Bage development in front of
Balubur Market, Bandung. Source: Exclusive
Garbage trucks will transport the collected solid waste to
PLTSa Gede Bage to be treated. There are zoning of solid waste
services of which will be treated by PLTSa, while the rest that
have not included in the service area will be transported to the
Final Disposal (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir - TPA) of Kota
Bandung.
Solid waste that will be treated in PLTSa is collected in a
large temporary solid waste bin, with the role such as reservoir.
The solid waste will be placed there for 2-3 days, to guarantee
continuous and constant supply to PLTSa. Without the bin, solid
waste supply will fluctuate, sometimes there will be plenty of
solid waste, and sometimes there will only be small volume of
waste. This must be avoided to maintain process performance.
After collected in the bin, solid waste will be milled to ensure
uniform and smaller size prior to the combustion chamber. After
being milled, solid waste will be transported into the combustion
chamber with the temperature of 600-800 Celsius degree to
reduce solid waste volume into ashes with residual volume of
only 10 percent. The process will then continue with the second
combustion chamber with temperature of 800-1000 Celsius
degree to guarantee gas perfection as the result of combustion of
the first combustion chamber.
In the combustion chambers, solid waste is also blown from
below and above by air supply and also moved by some kind of
stoker to mix solid waste, air, and fire in the combustion cham-
ber. The ash produced by the combustion process in both cham-
bers will be collected in the bottom part of the combustion
chambers, and transported by a conveyor to be collected in se-
parated place, and disposed in TPA.
Approximately 90 percent of solid waste volume has con-
verted into gas which may still contain dangerous pollutant.
Therefore, the produced gas is flowed into air pollution control
unit to decrease the content of particulates, carbon monoxide
(CO), sulfuric oxide (SOx), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and various
heavy metals (Hg, Cu, Zn, etc.)
Particulates will be trapped by cyclone and wet scrubber that
will trap particulate centrifugally by contact with water. This
process will remove up to 90 percent particulates. Gases such as
SOx, NOx, and heavy metals will be removed in both air pollu-
tion control devices.
Removal performance of pollutants is enhanced by bag
house filter that will filter residual particle, thus quality of the
disposed gas will be better. CO gas will be controlled in the com-
bustion chamber with temperature control, control of air being
blown, and also a more intensive solid waste mixing.
From the eye of the law in Indonesia, controlled solid waste
combustion known as incineration refers to KABAPEDAL
Decree No 03/BAPEDAL/09/1995 on emission standard for sta-
tionary sources, including incinerator.
Main standard of pollutants are particulate (must be less
than 350 mg/m3), nitrogen oxide in the form of nitrogen diox-
ide (must be less than 1000 mg/m3), sulfuric oxide in the form
of sulfuric dioxide (must be less than 800 mg/m3), and smoke
density known as opacity (must be less than 35 percent).
All solid waste combustion operating in Indonesia must refer
to the regulation, to be able to provide relatively minimum envi-
ronmental impact on human health, accordingly with the stan-
dard set by the Government of Indonesia.
Environmental Impact
All human activities are guaranteed to provide environmen-
tal impact, either favorable or adverse for environment.
Improper PLTSa operation in term of the applied technical and
law principles will cause PLTSa to be new pollutant source that
will endanger health of both human and environment.
Impact of the untreated disposed gas will be dangerous air
pollutant. However, if PLTSa is properly operated, solid waste
problems will be well overcome, with job fields that will absorb
plenty of workers, solid waste experts will be able to practice
their knowledge in order to solve solid waste havoc in Indonesia,
able to produce electricity and ashes that can be used as road
aggregates, without having to sacrifice environment.
In other words, PLTSa can be boomerang for the environ-
ment, but can also be environment rescuer. It is up to the
Government of Kota Bandung and the community to provide
active role in the success of PLTSa operation.
Among pros and cons of PLTSa Gede Bage development, it is
important for us to see good intention of Kota Bandung
Government in their serious effort to manage solid waste.
Numbers of technologies have been applied in the past, we have
to admit that they have not succeeded in managing solid waste
in this city, that once receive predicate of the dirtiest city from
Environmental Ministry, due to the solid waste emergency in the
year 2006.
As far as there is serious effort from Kota Bandung
Government, professional operation of PLTSa, and objective
and honest scientific review regarding readiness level of techni-
cal-technological-socio-economy-cultural sectors of PLTSa Gede
Bage, why should we not ready to see PLTSa as new break-
through in the solid waste world of Indonesia?
*) writer is a doctoral program student in Division of
Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of
Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
Writer contact: sandhieb@yahoo.com
INSIGHT
17PercikAugust 2008
Survey and analysis of new raw water source quest for cus-
tomer consumption must always consider aspects in
relation with water quality, other than maximum water
capacity (debit). Quality consideration will provide information
regarding the nature of raw water physically, chemically, or bac-
teriological, that may cause problems in customer's health, or
increment of cost production because the water requires
advance quality improvement.
In this article, the writer will only discuss consideration with
regards to raw water collection in relation with underground
water (well) quality for consumption/distribution/sale to the
customer. The article may suit more as information regarding
quantity condition of the raw water that is more and more limit-
ed, caused by more scarce and more polluted surface water that
eventually people are looking for raw water alternatives, in the
city area in particular, of underground water (well).
From the writer's experience in conducting research, test,
and analysis of the underground water, either physically, chemi-
cally, or bacteriologic, underground water is very similar with
the surface water in term of water capacity and quality. Well
water capacity decreased quickly during the dry season, and cu-
rrent quality is relatively polluted. In the picture we can see that
well water is physically clear during sampling, however, after
chemical test, the sample contains relatively high Iron (Fe) and
Manganese (Mn), and not qualified as clean water/drinking
water.
Pollution indication, as far as the writer knows, especially
from bacteriologic analysis, is always show numbers of Coli and
Eschericia Coli bacteria. The same with chemical parameters
that always show content of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn),
with different concentration depends on sampling locations.
Absence of Iron and Manganese components in the water is
usually followed by content of other chemical components that
still in compliance with the standard of clean/drinking water,
which means that the raw water is relatively not polluted in term
of chemical.
Theoretically, Iron content is usually quite common in
underground water, which is not the case for Manganese compo-
nent. However, Iron content usually followed by Manganese
content. Water contains Iron and Manganese can still be used as
clean water if the concentration is still under the maximum stan-
dard allowed (see: Table).
INSIGHT
18 PercikAugust 2008
Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn)Content of Underground Water
No
1.2.3.4.
Minimum/maximum Standard
6,5 - 8,5 6,5 - 8,50,3 1,00,1 0,5
Clear Clear
Drinking water Clean waterParameter
pH (acidity level)Iron Level (ppm)Manganese Level (ppm)Visually
By: Ir. Iyus Yusup
KaSubag. Water Quality LaboratoriumPDAM Tirta Bumi Wibawa Kota Sukabumi
Staff of PDAM Tirta Bumi Wibawa Kota Sukabumi is collecting raw water in the
treatment location. Source: Exclusive.
MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION OF IRON AND MANGANESE IN
CLEAN/DRINKING WATER
Source: SK. Menkes No. 907/Menkes/SK/2002 for Clean Water and Drinking Water
It can also be explained that Iron and
Manganese elements are in the form of
minerals that originally not dissolved
(Fe3+ and Mn4+), thus anaerobic condi-
tion in the soil (low oxygen) of the ele-
ments will be reduced into valented ion of
Fe2+ and Mn4+ thus dissolved in the
water (see: Matrix of Iron elements form
in the water).
From several research literatures,
Fe2+ and Mn4+ can be compounded with
Bicarbonate, Sulfur, and Hydrogen
Sulfide (H2S), thus from aesthetic aspect,
especially color and odor, is less attractive
and complained by water user.
Iron and Manganese elements with
relatively large concentration (mg/l) in
the water will provide the following
impacts on individual, industrial, or com-
pany's water supply system:
1. Will cause clogging in the pipe
installation system caused directly
by iron deposit, and indirectly by
iron bacteria. These bacteria will
increase friction (losses) which in
turn will increase energy require-
ment. If degradation occurs,
unpleasant odor and taste will also
occur in the water.
2. Iron and Manganese elements in
large concentration of some mg/l
(parts per million/ppm) will cause
metal taste or medicine odor.
3. In ion exchanger process, Iron and
Manganese deposit will clog or cover
ion exchange media (resin) that will
cause losses of ion exchange capaci-
ty.
4. Causing complaints from the cos-
tumer (as in red water case) when
Iron and Manganese deposit accu-
mulated in the pipe is re-suspended
caused by debit or pressure incre-
ment in the distributing pipe, thus
deposit will be carried to the cus-
tomer.
5. Iron and Manganese elements will
cause unclear appearance on the
water and leaving stain on clothes
that were washed by this water, thus
is least expected by the water user.
6. Leaving brownish stain caused by
Iron element and blackish stain
caused by Manganese element in the
tub and other equipments.
7. Metal deposit can also caused prob-
lems in the water supply system of
individual, industrial, or company
such as PDAM.
INSIGHT
19PercikAugust 2008
Matrix of Iron elements form in the water
Piping system to collect raw water from water source to be channeled to the reservoir. Pic: Bowo Leksono
Total Iron
Iron II
Free Free
Deposit- Fe(OH)3- OtherDeposit
Organic Complex- Asam humus- Asam fulfik
Mineral Complex- Silikat- Fosfat
Dissolved/dispersed Iron(escaped from filter)
Deposit Iron (trapped in the filter)
Dissolved- Fe2+
- FeOH+
Deposit- FeS2- FeCO3- Fe(OH)2
Complex Form
Iron III
Some area are proud and become
inspiration for other area to
remain confidence that WSES
development will be able to be the trigger
factor of community prosperity level. In
sense, WSES development that basically
provide easier access -whether simply
bringing the clean water closer or provide
the service to the households- will pre-
sent direct and indirect results that will
able to increase community's revenue,
health, education, etc.
The outcome of clean water facility
development, which above paper will be
able to increase prosperity, has been truly
proven with clean water facility develop-
ment in Tetaf Village of Kabupaten Timor
Tengah Selatan (TTS) which was facilita-
ted by ProAir Program, a grant from the
Government of Germany. The article is a
gift from the trip made by documenter
movie team of WSES Policy Operation in
TTS Kabupaten of which most shooting
was taken in Tetaf Village, Kecamatan
Amanuban Barat, Kabupaten Timor
Tengah Selatan.
Poor Tetaf Village
In general, Tetaf Village is categorized
as poor. The main living is farming of sea-
sonal crops, such as corn as their main
plant, and vegetables such as eggplant,
chili, cabbage, cress, etc. People also
plant coconut, sirih, banana, mango,
mahoni, acacia, which partly grow by
nature, and other parts are grown inten-
tionally.
Truthfully, when we enter Tetaf
Village, we won't see any poverty impres-
sion, because as far as the eyes can see,
green plants scattered everywhere, which
indicates soil fertility and abundant
crops. However, in reality, the people of
Tetaf Village are in general still under
poverty line. Their daily revenue and con-
sumption level (nutrition) is still low.
Most kids are going to school with bare
feet, some of them with mucus showing
on their nose as indication of low revenue
and lack of nutrient.
Their houses are still using simple
materials; roof from leafs (thatch), pillars
from rough woods, and floor from dirt.
Only small numbers of houses with
cemented walls, zinc roof, and tiled floor.
This is general depiction of prosperity
level in Tetaf Village.
ProAir Clean Water Program
Thorough WSES Program funded by
the Government of Germany through
GTZ and KFW -with criteria such as
water resource availability, willingness to
contribute in cash for the maintenance
fund, statement of interest to be facilitated,
etc- has chosen Tetaf Village to acquire
WSES facilities development facilitation.
The program known as ProAir is con-
sistently applied national policies princi-
ples, in initiation phase, planning, deve-
lopment, and post development (mainte-
nance) phase.
Because the objective is more on com-
munity empowerment through WSES
development, it is not surprising that dur-
ing preparation phase, community needs
longer time - much longer than the time
needed for physical construction -
because public facilitation is dedicated
more to change the way of thinking,
behavior, and attitude of the people,
especially understanding (affective), atti-
tude (cognitive), and behavior (psy-
chomotor) in relation with clean water as
economic and social property, as well as
management to sustain continuity.
ProAir in NTT has been started since
the end of 2003 in three kabupatens of
Kabupaten Sumba Barat, Sumba Timur,
and Timor Tengah Selatan. At first, the
program is relatively difficult to apply
because it is a development program that
applies need-based principles which con-
sist of the idea of prioritizing communi-
ty's role as the main actor of the develop-
ment. 11 points of complete National
Policy Principles of WSES Development
are applied consistently.
The problem is that NTT people as the
development target are poor people,
whereas ProAir firmly applied condition
that the people must provide cash contri-
bution as maintenance fund of the facili-
ty. In the national policy, this refers to the
cost recovery principle.
Obligation to provide cash contribu-
tion in the early stage of ProAir activity
has caused conflict. On one side there is
opinion that "community is capable of
paying cash contribution" while on the
other side, there is opinion that "commu-
nity will not be able to pay cash contribu-
tion due to the poverty".
Those who think that poor people
cannot pay asked that cash contribution
of the community can be done by convert-
ing man energy and local material dona-
tions into rupiah, while on the other side,
those who think that community is capa-
ble to pay, insisted that community will
INSIGHT
In The Next Five Years, Tetaf VillageWill Become Prosperous Village
20 PercikAugust 2008
By Alma Arief and Dormaringan Saragih
WASPOLA Consultant
be able to put aside their revenue or wealth in form of cash or
materials (such as livestock, jacquards, etc) little by little.
Latter on, what ProAir has done prove that the community is
capable. However to change paradigm from "always receiving
instant packages" into "involved in decision making of every
phase of development, even asked for cash contribution"
requires a very long time. Various facilitation to explain proce-
dure of proposing ideas of clean water development facilitation
along with conditions, explanation of the benefit of water facili-
ty, obligation of providing cash contribution for maintenance of
the facility, technical training of facility maintenance, PHBS
campaign to change the way of life, utilization of time and ener-
gy after easy access to the water, etc, are given intensively.
In every facilitated village, ProAir is able to collect cash con-
tribution and monthly fee. In TTS, the number of money collect-
ed from cash contribution before construction is begun and
monthly fee until September 2007 is shown below:
Willingness of the poor community in providing cash contri-
bution and monthly fee is also break the myth that poor people
cannot pay. With intensive facilitation, structured organization
of all activities with proper administration, every problem can be
overcome. Community in the villages facilitated by ProAir,
whether those who live in TTS, Sumba Timur, or Sumba Barat,
are able to execute all points of the national policy. And now,
they have started to feel the result of the water facility develop-
ment.
Synergy with the Agriculture Agency
When access to clean water is started to be enjoyed by the
community, they then have extra time and energy compare to
the past where most of the time and energy is being used to
obtain clean water for their need. The change happened to-
gether with Agriculture Agency who facilitates Tangerine (Soe)
Orange seed distribution.
That synergy (whether planned or not) is accepted with open
arms by the people who now have extra time and energy. In
Tetaf Village, community is now plant Tangerine Orange in the
area of 70 hectares with orange plants of 30 thousand trees,
while in OeUe Village, OeUe farmer group with 20 household
members, are now planting 7,200 trees in the area of 18
hectares.
Closure
Water facility development, whether simply bringing the
water closer or to provide service to the household, do present
power to increase prosperity of the people. In Tetaf Village,
Kecamatan Amanuban Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan,
the community with extra time and energy, accepted govern-
ment offers (Agriculture Agency) with open arms to plant
oranges in their land.
It seems just the matter of time to see the people to harvest
the oranges with smile on their faces while singing local songs.
Kids go to school in the morning, with tidy clothes and shoes.
However, this hope still leaves question; has the people ready to
welcome abundant harvest? Have post harvest technologies
been prepared? Have post harvest institutions been prepared?
How about the market capacity, and where? How to handle com-
petition with products from other area? Have the people protect-
ed from monopoly of wholesaler from Kupang who are said to
buy the harvest in wholesale? There are still other questions of
which policy intervention requires to synergize potencies of the
related institutions.
INSIGHT
21PercikAugust 2008
No Name of Group/Village Amount per September 2007
1
2
3
Nekmese-OeUe (Tetaf Village)
Heimituin-Oemofun
Kofi Tel - Nefokoko
Rp 16.547.054
Rp 15.597.991
Rp 40.211.395
Source: Dok/ProAir
Participative learning is generally
believed as a long process, where
to facilitate, days even weeks are
required. In reality, many programs do
not have that long of time. Many pro-
grams can only allocate one day or even
less than one day to introduce and
acquire initial agreement from the com-
munity.
In such condition, most field faci-
litators finally chose the non-partici-
pative ways when talking to the com-
munity. They invited the people and
give out speech. If the ability of public
speaking facilitator has not as
advance as Bung Karno, Gede Prama,
AA Gym or other great orator,
unavoidably, lots of people disappear
since the fifth minute.
Brief Participative Learning (PPS)
is a community learning method
established by John Hopkins Uni-
versity/Center for Communication
Program Indonesia (JHU/CCP In-
donesia) since 2006 from various dis-
cussion facilitation experiences of
community group, both con-
ducted by CCP or its partners.
PPS is actually learning a
great deal from previous known
participative techniques. The dif-
ferent is that PPS is also purposed
on accommodating interest of the
program to quickly introduce numbers
of messages to the community groups
and acquire initial agreement regarding
the program to be implemented.
Brief but Participative
Even though brief, PPS highly respect
participative principles in the learning
process with the basic thinking that par-
ticipative space will below community's
knowledge to be latter circulated between
participants, including facilitator. Partici-
pative space will build community accept-
ance on alternative knowledge that has
been identified together. Knowledge
acceptance will latter greatly helped to
build sense of ownership of the program.
PPS has four important components,
namely conducive communication situa-
tion, individual participation, general
reflection, and strengthened general
recall power. The four components need
to be developed systematically and inte-
grated, as illustrated below.
Such as shown in the diagram, build-
ing communicative situation is a compo-
nent that needs to be developed in the
ongoing process. Communicative situa-
tion will bring about comfort on the par-
ticipants to participate and accept new
knowledge as the result of discussion.
When communicative situation is built,
individual participation is more likely to
rise.
When individual participation is ade-
quate, process of general reflection will be
able to be done to enrich community with
alternative knowledge. In the end, in
order for the alternative knowledge to
remain in memory, participants are
helped to recall alternative knowledge
they acquire from their own experience
and knowledge.
PPS Stages
a. Build communicative situation
Build informal communication
before discussion session is started.
When approaching all participants
is not possible, focus on small num-
bers of participants (approximately
1/5 of total participants)
Introduce yourself and the team
briefly and presents the purpose and
message that commonly conveyed
by fellow facilitators such as, this
session is a session to learn
together, everybody is teacher and
everybody is students.
During discussion, show apprecia
tion to the participants as source of
knowledge.
Follow the flow of discussion while
elegantly encourage passive partici-
INSIGHT
Knowing Brief Participative Learning
(Pembelajaran Partisipatif Singkat - PPS)
Bangun Situasi Komunikatif
Dorong partisipasi individual
Refleksi bersama
Perkuat ingatan bersama
ByRisang Rimbatmaja
(Researcer at JHU/CCP Indonesia)
Encourageindividual
participation
BUILDINGCOMMUNICATION SITUATION
Strengthengeneral
recall powerGeneral
reflection
22 PercikAugust 2008
pants to speak up and controlled
those who talk too much.
After discussion, build informal dis-
cussion with more participants.
Say thank you on the process of
learning together.
b. Encourage individual participa-
tion
Toss interesting question that is easy
to answer by all participants, such as
things that they recently encoun-
tered. Toss 2-3 easy questions before
tossing more difficult question
(around knowledge or attitude).
Use pictures and other tools to facil-
itate individual assessment.
c. General reflection
Perform games and show various
pictures to raise indirect alternative
knowledge.
Encourage participants to practice,
analyze, and interpret alternative
knowledge.
Encourage participants to compare
common knowledge with their own
interpretation of various games and
pictures that inspire alternative
knowledge.
d. Strengthen general recall power
Encourage participants to take notes
and presents the result of learning
together. Meta-plan can be used
when participants are comfortable
or facilitator can help to take notes.
If necessary, use games and quiz to
strengthen memory.
As explained above, in MPPS applica-
tion, assisting tools are required, espe-
cially pictures that can convey the mes-
sage easily compare to the abstract
words. Furthermore, PPS also requires
edu-entertainment approach, especially
to strengthen recall power. Therefore,
numbers of games and quiz need to be
prepared before. From number of partici-
pant side, PPS will be more effective
when applied in a group with 15-20 par-
ticipants.
Example of PPS application
PPS can be applied on various innova-
tions such as water, sanitation, hygiene,
and also health issues and other public
issues. Important thing to remember in
applying PPS is ability to facilitate discus-
sion and stock of knowledge regarding
issues to be discussed. Issue understand-
ing is important to flow discussion.
Without proper knowledge, discussion
will flow into unwanted direction.
Component 1: Build communicative
situation
Before discussion started, greet the
women and ask them about their
families, husband, and children. Ask
them where they live and how they
reach the meeting venue. Focus on
one or two from several groups of
women and start to memorize
names.
Start the event with greeting and say
thank you to the participants for
their willingness to come.
Introduce yourself (name, organiza-
tion, where we live, marital status
and numbers of children). Convey
important message that the meeting
is purposed on learning together
about drinking water.
Initial question: Was it short notice
invitation? Who delivered the invita-
tion? Start to identify those who do
not like to talk.
Held introductory games that can be
followed comfortably by participants
(participants chose unknown part-
ner and introduce name, origin,
family members, and hobbies).
Component 2: Encourage indivi-
dual participation
First question: ask health condition
of children and husband. Encourage
participants to answer in turn.
Second question: ask them about
their recent illness. Encourage par-
ticipants to answer in turn. When
diarrhea does not arise, ask them
about illness of younger member of
the family (children or grandchil-
dren).
INSIGHT
23PercikAugust 2008
A participant is learning to fasilitate other participants.Source: Bowo Leksono
Dig more participants' story regard-
ing diarrhea/cholera/typhoid/sto-
machache with questions referring
to the cause. Show them pictures of
what causes diarrhea and clarify
together so that everybody have the
same perception.
Distribute papers containing various
pictures of the cause of diarrhea. Ask
each participant to mark the picture
of what causing diarrhea.
Repeat that one of the cause is the
water being drank (most probably
that was the answer of one of the
participants). Ask participants of
how they assess quality of the drink-
ing water. What are criteria for good
drinking water? Write down on the
Plano paper and clarify with partici-
pants.
Component 3: General reflection 1
Provide two glasses of water. One is
clear and one is brownish. Ask par-
ticipants to choose which one is bet-
ter to drink? Distribute one small
color paper and ask participant to
place it near the glass they chose.
Count the paper and show tenden-
cies of the participants' choice.
Show the participants how the two
samples of water were made. The
clear water is raw water (uncooked),
while the brownish water is cooked
water mixed with chocolate coffee.
Ask participant to choose by placing
their small paper.
Back to the Plano paper contains
notes of criteria. Ask participants to
review it; does it need to be fixed,
added, or reduced?
Write down the new criteria (drink-
ing water must be properly treated
such as boiled).
Component 3: General reflection 2
Ask participants to come nearer to
the stove. Demonstrate: raw water in
the pan is boiled and when bubbles
appear, turn it off directly. Ask,
whether the boiled water is good to
drink? (The answer is most probably
no). Ask them why? Back to the
Plano paper with good drinking
water criteria. Ask them whether it
needs to be added or changed? Write
down addition or changes.
Convey the message regarding time
limit of waiting the water to boil for
1-3 minutes.
Continue to boil between 1-3 mi-
nutes. Afterward, turn the fire off
and let the water cooled. Ask them
whether they are willing to drink the
boiled water by scooping it with a
cup and hand touches the water?
Ask them why? Back to the Plano
paper with good drinking water cri-
teria. Ask them whether it needs to
be added or changed? Write down
the addition or changes.
Component 3: General reflection 3
Show pictures of how to make drink-
ing water (boiling, sodis-solar disin-
fection, ceramic filter, chlorination).
Explain to them of how the methods
being done.
Practice application of the methods.
Discuss how the methods can kill
germs. Write down discussion result
in the Plano paper.
Ask participants for coffee break and
snack.
Component 4: Strengthen recall
power
Ask participants, what have they
learnt? Meta-plan is used when par-
ticipants are comfortable or facilita-
tor can help to write.
Toss questions regarding things they
learned and present gifts for those
who can answer. Try so that all par-
ticipants take parts.
Distribute leaflets or brochures con-
taining methods, data/fact regard-
ing proper methods of preparing
and storing drinking water.
Say thank you.
INSIGHT
24 PercikAugust 2008
Waste problems are not only related to quantity or the
amount of waste piles, but also the quality or types
of waste. Most of family waste, especially from inor-
ganic type, is food plastic wrap that is consumed daily.
As known by public, plastic is a substance that hard to dis-
solve. While each family cannot be separated from plastic use
each day. Therefore, a solution is needed, not only for the con-
sumer, but also for the producer to avoid or reduce the use of
plastic materials as wrapping for certain products.
One of the efforts to reduce plastic use in daily life is to use
environmental friendly plastic for daily needs. One of
Indonesian NGO, Dana Mitra Lingkungan (DML), has launched
an environmental friendly plastic called Ecoplas. Previously, this
product is known as BioBag by the people.
Environmental Friendly
Ecoplas is a newly innovated environmental friendly bag
with attractive design and affordable price. Made from from
resin BE+ material. This kind of bag is produced by saving
fuel/energy.
BE+ or Biodegradable Resin is a new resin that is developed
and created in Indonesia. It consist 50 percent of Indonesian
cassava flour, and other natural material which are environmen-
tal friendly and renewable. Resin BE+ is already copyrighted
and expected to become an alternative beside other resins that is
already known.
DML's Research Management Coordinator Eko Junadi said,
ordinary plastic bag need 1000 years to dissolve, while Ecoplas
only need 10 weeks to dissolve in tropical soil. "This fact is based
on the research report done by Sucofindo/SGS" he said.
Ecoplas Marketing
DML provides two kinds of Ecoplas, die cut and soft loop.
Soft loop is thicker and the handle is stronger than die cut. While
the price for die cut/pack (50 pcs) is Rp. 42.000, and soft
loop/pack (50 pcs) is Rp. 60.000.
Ecoplas specifications are measurements: 39.5 cm x 31 cm x
11 cm (Long x width x gussets). Weight: 1,1 kg/pack or 22
gram/pcs. This environmental friendly bag can be obtained
through Dana Mitra Lingkungan by contacting this number
(+6221) 724.8884. According to Eko, Ecoplas can be delivered
to entire district of Indonesia. "Shipping cost will be added to the
Ecoplas price, adjusted to the distance and shipping priority
choices." He said.
Eko stated, nowadays there's no regulation that constricts
people to use plastic as a material that is hard to dissolve.
"Therefore, a solution is needed by creating an easy dissolving
plastic." He explains.
By using Ecoplas or other environmental friendly bags, that
means we are participating in preserving the environment. BW
INNOVATION
25PercikAugust 2008
Source: Bowo Leksono
ECOPLASEnvironmentalFriendly Bag MadeFrom Cassava
Who doesn't know Ully Sigar
Rusady? The woman that
also sings ballads has worked
in environmental areas for over than 30
years. She has collected many experience
and awards.
The concern from the sister of
Paramitha Rusady is shown when she
establish Garuda
Nusantara
(Gabungan Rumpun Pemuda Nusantara)
Organization in February 14th 1985. This
organization is a place for teenagers to
express their creativity by serving nature
and environment.
Water Conservation Program
The Garuda Nusantara Organization
has done many programs, starts from
training and education, volunteer post,
competitions, and conservations. Many of
the areas in Indonesia have been made a
conservation area by Ully and friends.
Right now, Ully Hary Rusady (the
name Hary is taken from her husband) is
concentrating at water conservation in
Sindang Kahuripan, which is located at
Kawah Merah Gunung Pancar, Kampung
Cimandala, Karang Tengah, Sentul,
Bogor, West Java.
This conservation is 30 acre wide
placed exact at the feet of two mountains,
Astana Mountain and Pancar Mountain,
Bogor. "The mountain is a water tower for
us, and the earth, because water came
from mountains. Therefore, it is cru-
cial for us to protect mountain ecosys-
tem," Said Ully, starting a conversation in
Percik's office after attending the
Kalpataru Award in National Palace,
June 5th 2008.
For the mountain ecosystem can be
preserved and to minimize threat towards
it, Ully said, a joint management effort is
needed from the city and village citizens.
"City citizen's participation nonetheless is
expected to preserve water and springs,
considering that mountain vegetations is
the actual water supplier for the entire
community." said the receiver of Global
500 Award from the UN in 2007 who
always wear headband.
As a sample area, around 11 years ago,
Garuda Nusantara Organization established
Sindang Kahuripan as a place to imple-
ment water, nature, and abandoned fields
conservation programs.
Based on research results and special
observation, this program is in accor-
dance with West Java Government pro-
grams, and with the rehabilitation pro-
gram for water and land conservation,
O u r G u e s t
Building Water Conservationin Sindang Kahuripan
Foto: Istimewa/ design: Rudi Koz
considering the large numbers of barren
hills and lands that can cause floods and
avalanches.
"Sindang Kahuripan conservation
area is a vast mountain area," said the
women whose child name is Rulany Indra
Gartika. With annual rehabilitation pro-
gram in this area, Ully continues, we can
expect water conservation in upper
course of river area, and also participates
in reducing global warming effects.
Activities in Sindang Kahuripan
According to Ully, besides reforesting
critical and abandoned land to prevent
avalanche, the goal of Sindang Kahuripan
conservation is also to preserve water and
springs in upper course area. "And invites
local and city community to participate in
trainings to preserve a continuous natu-
ral resources all at once," said the founder
and head of the Sindang Kahuripan
Organization.
Multiple activities are held in Sindang
Kahuripan such as mountain ecosystem
conservation, forest, land, water and
spring conservation, and in-
crease of human resour-
ce quality for far-
mers around fo-
rest areas.
While the
p l a n n e d
activities are
b u i l d i n g
facilities for
forest and
environment
education and
training, water
channels and re-
servoirs, environ-
mental friendly road,
and natural praying room
(mushola).
"We hope that someday a community
will be built that is environment friendly,
and actually cares for nature and environ-
ment," said the environmentalist who
was born in January 4th 1952.
Nature's Friend Package
Ully and friends did not
make Sindang Kahu-
ripan as a conserva-
tion area for the
benefit for local
c o m m u n i t y
and her group
o n l y .
M o r e o v e r ,
she invites
communities
from various
societies to join,
enjoy, and learn
in open nature.
This invitation is
packed in an activity called
Nature's Friend Package. "This
activity package can be done by various
communities that care for nature and
environment. This package broadens
nature and environmental conservation
insight with Sindang Kahuripan as its
location," said the receiver of Kalpataru
Award from the Minister of Environment
in 2001.
Sindang Kahuripan has both high and
low landscape contour, surrounded by
hills, slopes, valleys, pine forest with rice
fields, making this place more unique,
charming, and beautiful. This site is per-
fect for nature and environment conser-
vation through ecotourism.
There have been a lot of people the
experience to enjoy and learning in the
open nature. Most of them are students,
nature lover organization members,
NGOs, researchers, and also families.
According to Ully, nature's friend pro-
gram is the true form of community's
concern for preserving nature and envi-
ronment. "We have a purpose to make
this activity as a trend and a lifestyle in
loving and making friends with nature,"
said the member of Consideration Board
for Kalpataru and Kehati Award. BW
27PercikAugust 2008
The members of Garuda Nusantara Organization in Sindang Kahuripan. Source: Exclusive.
Source: BW
The effect of CLTS in Indonesia
has attracted several countries to
invite Indonesia to exchange
experience. In the Year 2007, delegation
from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh has
visited East Java, Indonesia. On April
20th-25th 2008 had The delegation of
Timor Leste the chance to learn CLTS
directly from several villages in
Kecamatan Lembak, Kabupaten Muara
Enim, South Sumatera.
This group of 25 people consists of cross
section functionary, NGOs, and repre-
sentative from donor countries, is led by the
Young Minister of Water, Electricity, and
Settlement, Januario Perreiro da Costa.
The group was officially accepted by
the Governor of South Sulawesi accompa-
nied by the head of Kabupaten Muara
Enim. In this opportunity, the delegation
had the chance to have conversation
directly with the community. The guests
are excited with the community's merry
reception. Even in each village, villagers
welcomed them with dances and religious
chants.
After two days visiting the location of
successful CLTS program in Kabupaten
Muara Enim, the delegates then visit
Kabupaten Tangeran, in Banten Province
on Wednesday, April 23rd 2008.
In Tangerang, the delegates are wel-
comed by the Bupati and Vice Bupati
Tangerang. A dialogue between two sides
was also held, led directly by Bupati
Ismet Iskandar.
The visit to Kabupaten Tangerang,
was meant to learn the implementation of
sanitation and hygiene activities that are
done together by the government and
NGOs.
Januario admits that he is facing a lot
of difficulties and obstacles in fixing
water supply and sanitation in his coun-
try. "Because of that, we need to come to
Indonesia, who has succeeded in imple-
menting CLTS, to observe and learn from
the experience of Indonesian people," he
said.
According to Ismet, the low level of
health is the main district problem that
has became everyone's problem. "We
have built a partnership pattern with the
private side and community in order to
lower incidents of environmental based
disease," he said.
Visit to MCK Plus++ in Kecamatan
Sepatan
After the dialogue, the group moved
to Kecamatan Sepatan, precisely in
Kampung Pisangan Periuk to witness
MCK Plus++ with the dewats and biogas
digester waste water management tech-
nology.
Not far from the MCK site, the delega-
tion witnessed the practice of hand wash-
ing hands with soap which was done by
elementary students. Not only that, the
group was entertained by the healthy life
style jingle competition and dangdut
music.
The following day, Thursday, April
24th 2008, the delegation met face to face
with stakeholders and programs that are
related to water supply and environmen-
REPORTAGE
28 PercikAugust 2008
Visit from the Democratic Republicof Timor Leste Delegation
to Indonesia
The delegation of Democratic Republic of Timor Leste accepted by the Bupati and Vice BupatiTangerang. Photo: Bowo Leksono
tal sanitation in Bappenas's office to
again, exchange experiences and infor-
mation.
Hand Washing with Soap Program
in Tangerang
Noisy handclaps from the women of
Kayu Agung village, Kecamatan Sepatan,
Kabupaten Tangerang, accompany the
group performance in the clean and
healthy lifestyle jingle competition. Their
performance also was meant to welcome
the Timor Leste delegation.
Previously, elementary students had
the opportunity to practice hand washing
with soap. All those activities were a part
of the hand washing with soap campaign,
results from the CARE International
Indonesia advocation program.
Health Environment Project Manager
CARE Marcel Beding explained to Percik
that this program was meant to lower the
malnutrition problems to babies, preg-
nant and post maternity woman, and
lower the diarrheal problems in families.
"We cooperates with the government of
Tangerang City for 12 kelurahan, and
with Kabupaten Tangerang for 8 villages,
2 of them are in Kecamatan Sepahan and
Kayu Agung village with the funding from
USAID," he said.
This program that has started in
February 2006 has three main strategies,
which are community nutrient, environ-
mental health and health services. The
hand washing with soap activity was done
after we give training to the cadres and
health committee members until they
have the capable facilitation skills, the
ability to make good proposals, and train-
ing about event organizing.
This hand washing with soap program
is doing a road show to schools in cooper-
ation with School Health Unit section in
each Health Promotion section, Agency of
Health. By giving full trust to the cadres
and committee, accompanied by the
puskesmas, kecamatan, and kelurahan,
and also a facilitator from CARE. There are
24 schools in 12 kelurahan in Tangerang
city and 40 schools in 8 villages in kabu-
paten Tangerang.
Obstacles
According to Marcel, the obstacles
faced are in form of the lack of infrastruc-
ture like clean water supply and a hygie-
nic hand washing place in schools and
community. "CARE is funding the mate-
rial procurement and people provide
land, minimal 5% material contribution,
and labour to help the infrastructure
building for a priority activity with
PADAT KARYA PANGAN pattern," he
explains.
Furthermore, Marcel said, CARE has
also done some advocation or facilitate
meetings for planning and developing in
villages so that other infrastructure needs
can be accommodated in APBD.
"Tangerang government in 2008 budget
plans for three hand washing places per
school for 40 elementary schools along
with the campaign activity."
Untill now, at least 90% of the com-
munity is aware that by maintaining
clean and healthy lifestyle, they will be
safe from various diseases. Hopefully
there will be no more plague repeated in
Tangerang area. BW
REPORTAGE
29PercikAugust 2008
What is your view during your visitation toIndonesia?
I felt how the Indonesian people can organizeand socialize healthy life so that community canchange their behaviour. I think this is not easy.Like what happened in Muara Enim, in ony 24hours they can produce their own toilets. It needsa hard work and time spared to do that activity.
What's the condition for water supply andsanitation in Timor Leste?
For sanitation, we only cover about 40 percent, and 50 percent for cleanwater supply. Our citizens are no more than 1 million, 945 thousand to beexact. But their behaviour is hard top change, not to mention a lot of riotsoften occur. Therefore, it is up to us how we can take lessons fromIndonesia’s experiences.
After this visit, what will you do?After this, what we saw and experienced will be implemented as learning
for Timor Leste community. It was a valuable experience. BW
IINTERVIEW WITH YYOUNG MMINISTER FOR WWATER,, EELECTRICITY,,
AND SSETTLEMENT,, JJANUARIO PPERREIRO DA CCOSTA
This hand washing withsoap program is doing aroad show to schools incooperation with School
Health Unit section in eachHealth Promotion section,
Agency of Health.
One day seminar on April 24th 2008 with the theme of
"Sustainable City: Challenges for Indonesia and
Sweden" held by the Swedish Embassy in cooperation
with the Environmental Ministry by the support from SIDA
(Swedish Environmental Secretariat for Asia) and SBA (Swedish
Business Association) has reminded us about condition of cities
in Indonesia.
So far we are focused on problems such as traffic jam, envi-
ronmental pollution, and other detail problems in it that makes
us, either we realize it or not, looses the big framework of pro-
blems in the cities of Indonesia.
Much too often, we tried to overcome problems without
looking at its relation with other issue or other bigger issues.
Integrated city development ended up as meaningless phrase.
There is no real follow up. Even if there is, mostly just in the
form of follow up plans without responsible party to ensure the
success of the plan.
Do we realize that condition of condition of the cities in
Indonesia are getting worse with problems such as flood, traffic
jam, low environmental support, inadequate infrastructure ser-
vice in fulfilling the need of the community, etc?
Unsustainable Facts of the Cities in Indonesia
A city, no matter how small, will develop until one day
becomes a megapolitan. For example are Jakarta, Surabaya,
Makassar, Bandung, and other cities. Basically, the cities in
Indonesia, with many characteristic variations, have more or
less the same problems, which is urban sprawl development.
If it were to build a house, the kitchen is spreaded, such as
the bathroom, bedrooms, etc. Our current spatial plan is no
more than sporadic use of space. From this fact, it was obvious
that many functions are not working as it should be. Regulations
and policies are not applied accordingly and monitoring and
control functions are barely exist.
In term of clean water and sanitation services (WSES), the
same problems occur. Unconcentrated settlements make plan-
ning and WSES sector development difficult. No to mention the
solid waste problems in the city, availability of solid waste man-
agement facilities are often face problems.
Complicated public transportation system in most part of the
cities in Indonesia is basically started with the same mistake as
the above spatial plan, which is unclear regulations and policies
plus lack of monitoring and control.
The next fact is related with the environment. Opposite to its
function as the main support of city's sustainability (as the city's
lungs), environment is often being ignored. Awareness to pre-
serve environment to avoid worse degradation becomes the
opposite. It is important to remember that the environment,
however the condition damaged or unadorned, will still exist. On
the other hand, it is human that will not be able to survive in
damaged environment.
Future Steps
Various facts of the low level of sustainability of the city is
not only found in the cities of Indonesia, but can also be found
in various parts of the world, including in developed countries.
The difference is that, developed countries have done intensive
actions on the regard. In Germany, it was said that massive evac-
uation of people in one of the cities has been done to rearrange
the city.
In order to fix the spatial arrangements of the city, unavoid-
ably, must be done in phases. Seeing what has happened in
Indonesia, a new master plan for the city supported by firm reg-
ulation, monitoring and control is required.
It's not like the government hasn't tried the above efforts, but
often, the problem is how. Supports from various stakeholders
through experience, funding, etc are extremely important.
Therefore, the biggest issue right now is the courage to take
the step, not just commitment. Thus, cities' problems are not
just common knowledge, but represents challenges to overcome.
Mistakes may happen during the process, but we won't know
until it has been done. FW
INSPIRATION
30 PercikAugust 2008
Unsustainable City
Source: Bowo Leksono
One of life's comforts is when
the problems of "nature
calls" are no longer a prob-
lem, when toilet can be found, clean,
not necessarily luxurious, but accessi-
ble. This maybe the ideal life mea-
surement of living in comfort.
However, not everyone have the
opportunity and affordability to enjoy
the above live comfort. Plenty of peo-
ple such as people in dense settle-
ments or in areas with lack of water
are without proper toilet or without
toilets at all.
They dispose their biological
waste improperly in open spaces.
Rivers or fields, or in dirty toilet that
lacks of water. They still feel somewhat
comfortable. This is the problem of
behavior, or community's habits.
A researcher from Lembaga Ilmu
Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Dr. Neni
Sintawardani, has succeeded in creating
and introducing simple technology of dry
toilet known as bio toilet.
"The principle of dry toilet is water-
less toilet. Thus, the material is wood
chuck as matrix to trap the waste to be
latter treated in place or in container
made of steel", said Neni when inter-
viewed by Percik in her workplace.
Potential for Dense Settlements
Dry toilet is very potential to be deve-
loped in dense settlements, because in
dense settlements, sanitation and clean
water facilities are usually lacking. This
type of toilet can also be applied in areas
with lack of water.
From objective point of view, accord-
ing to Neni, waterless toilet is meant for
middle to lower income community.
"Clean water needs for middle to lower
income community is considerably large
with less affordability", said alumni of
Hohenheim University, Stuttgart,
Germany.
Neni, together with her team
applied dry toilet in dense area of
Kiara Condong, Kota Bandung
since the last five years. "It was not
easy, because the hardest part and
the biggest challenge is to change
behavior", said the Head of
Cooperation and Community
Service Bureau of Iptek LIPI.
Initiation of Dry Toilet Crea-
tion
At first, in 1998, Neni
Sintawardani created simple tool to
manage kitchen waste. With a small
box that was designed as such,
household wives can manage the
waste directly after finish cooking by
separating organic waste.
Then in 2003, the research expanded
to human waste management of creating
dry toilet. "Basic thinking of creating dry
toilet is kitchen waste management to
organic fertilizer," said Neni.
Neni admitted, it was not cheap to
create the dry toilet. According to her,
one toilet that can be used by 40 people
per day cost Rp 40 million, however, it
worth the cost of less pollutant. "Costly
impression is caused by the material of
steel or metal for the reactor," said this
mother of two.
Costly impression can be erased by
looking at its long-term function, that
adverse impacts of bad sanitation, if not
managed from now, will be much more
expensive. Until date, what Neni has cre-
ated has not been applied a lot, because
supports from various parties, either go-
vernment or private, are needed in term
of investment. Bowo Leksono
REFLECTION
Dry Toilet for Dense Settlements andAreas Lack of Water
31PercikAugust 2008
Dr Neni Sintawardani. Source: Bowo Leksono
Source: Exclusive
Sanitation development program
in Indonesia of Indonesia Sanita-
tion Sector Development Program
(ISSDP) has entered the second year. The
program will start the second phase on
mid May 2008. In ISSDP Phase I, many
things have been done and produced
especially in partner cities. Establishment
of Sanitation Working Group in the kota
level represents the effort of institutional
development in management of sanita-
tion sector development in the area.
White Book Document (Dokumen
Buku Putih) represents one product of
the Working Group with ISSDP facilita-
tion. The book contains general depiction
of sanitation condition that can be
renewed yearly to see sanitation condi-
tion development of kota. Other docu-
ment is Kota Sanitation Strategy
(Strategi Sanitasi Kota - SSK) as the
main product that has been compiled by
Kota Working Group.
SSK contains action plans that repre-
sent a meeting between top down and
bottom up approach, where mission and
vision of the kota government in sanitati-
on development meets with real demand
of the community on sanitation facility.
In the national level, various recom-
mendations have been produced to sup-
port national policy direction in sanita-
tion development in Indonesia. This re-
commendation contains sectors of insti-
tution, law, and funding. To synergize all
stakeholders in the sanitation develop-
ment, ISSDP Phase I has taken its role in
the establishment of the Watsan
Network.
Other product is sanitation campaign
strategy to increase awareness of the
importance of sanitation and healthy
behavior. The campaign strategy is divi-
ded into five designs based on objective
groups, namely decision makers in the
national level, decision makers in the
local level, public in general, poor com-
munity, and private sector. This strategy
is planned to be applied this year accord-
ingly with the agenda of ISSDP Phase II.
ISSDP Phase I has provide significant
input in the effort of establishing frame-
work of sustainable sanitation manage-
ment in its partner cities. One of the
inputs is the important of province role in
the sanitation management so that in the
execution of ISSDP Phase II, program
approach in the provincial level can be
done more intensively in larger propor-
tion.
Through provincial role, it is expected
that the program coverage will be
expanded to other cities in the form of
ISSDP replica. For that reason, ISSDP
Phase II will provide a more effective
advisory assistance to the provincial go-
vernment. The form of facility to the
provincial government will be realized
through series of capacity buildings,
research and counterparts, to planning
mechanism, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation of the sanitation manage-
ment in the provincial level will be opti-
mally established and implemented.
ISSDP ROUNDABOUT
32 PercikAugust 2008
Preparation towardISSDP Phase II
Group Discussion during review of ISSDP Phase I implementation. Source: Dok/ISSDP
Provincial involvedness in ISSDP
Phase II is required to be well prepared.
Comprehensive information regarding
ISSDP Phase I and implementation plan
of ISSDP Phase II need to be communi-
cated to the provincial government.
In order to achieve the purpose, a
workshop is required which will involve
Technical Team of the Sanitation
Development as managers of the sanita-
tion development in the national level,
Kota Sanitation Working Group who
becomes ISSDP partner, and off course,
the provincial government.
On this workshop, Technical Team of
Sanitation Development can provide
depiction of comprehensive ISSDP Phase
I implementation, including achieve-
ments, both in the national and local
level. Technical Team can also provide
the big plan of ISSDP Phase II especially
in relation with program coverage exten-
sion through replication.
Kota Working Group as local stake-
holder can presents experiences in the
sanitation managements during ISSDP.
Various achievements and challenges in
two years can surely be one of the refe-
rences for the province to be involved in
the future ISSDP.
In the end, the workshop is expected
to be able to summarized provincial role
in urban sanitation management, for-
mulate and prepare operational steps for
ISSDP Phase II which include working
group establishment, raising resources and
fund, and preparing criteria for choosing
partner cities for ISSDP Phase II.
Provincial Role in the Sanitation
Development
For sanitation development in
Indonesia, authority, role and function of
each government level must be reviewed
thoroughly. Until date, provincial govern-
ment role is not yet optimum in the sani-
tation program management. On the
other side, the existed provincial policy
frame has not yet supported sanitation
development.
Provincial government can take the
role of organizer of sanitation program
development in the area. This is possible
based on the criteria of governance,
where the impact of sanitation program
development in the area has interrelated
impacts between kabupaten/kota and/or
regional, or if sanitation program deve-
lopment in the related area will provide
more benefit when it is managed by the
provincial government.
To clarify the above statement,
provincial government role is to organize
basic services in sanitation sector that
have not been done by kabupaten/kota.
In this case, sanitation can be seen as
basic service that refers to PP No. 65 Year
2005 regarding Compilation Guidance
and Application of Minimum Service
Standard (Standar Pelayanan Minimal -
SPM). In section 3 of this regulation, it
was regulated that SPM is established as
tools of governments and local govern-
ments to guarantee access and quality of
basic services to the community equally
in implementation of obligatory matter.
The role of provincial government in
basic service of sanitation can be done in
two ways, namely implementing sanita-
tion development in the related kabupa-
ten/kota or assigning local governments
of kabupaten/kota based on assistance
assignment.
Furthermore, active role of the
province is required to facilitate mecha-
nism of sanitation development in the
area or to synergize provincial and kabu-
paten/kota roles. This can be done by
intensifying communication with kabu-
paten/kota regarding sanitation program
development. The purpose is to establish
requirement map of sanitation develop-
ment in kabupaten/kota. Requirement
map of sanitation development can be
combined with commitment of the rela-
ted kabupaten/kota, so that target alloca-
tion of provincial sanitation development
can be more optimum. ISSDP Team
ISSDP ROUNDABOUT
33PercikAugust 2008
Simple toilets. Source: Dok/ISSDP
Vestibule of Kecamatan Pocowarno, one of Kecamatan
in Kabupaten Kebumen, looks bright. For four days, 3-
6 March 2008, a "Community Media Training for
WSES Socialization" was held, facilitated by WSES Working
Group Kabupaten Kebumen in cooperation with WASPOLA.
The training was also held to prepare 16 kecamatan that will
receive WSES aid in their villages. Accordingly with community
based WSES theme, the training was held in the nearest envi-
ronment of the community, because during the process, there
will be plenty practices in the near vicinity.
Direct community involvement receives positive support
from Bupati Kebumen Rustriningsih. "Community potencies are
required in the WSES development, thus the training needs to
be followed up", she said.
The training represents strategic steps to involve communi-
ty, including the women to participate from the early phase of
WSES development including socialization and establishment of
agreements to be implemented by the community.
In the training, community digs together the importance of
participation of all parties in sustaining WSES; and the key is
correct communication strategy to encourage everybody to be
involved. Participants were asked to design communicative
media from the result of issue mapping, collect data of media
potencies that can be involved, and then select media that will be
used. The media chosen were Dagelan (comedy) to be played in
kecamatan, WSES service commercial in radio In FM, comics,
poster and service commercial on TV.
The script was then prepared, and rehearsal were made prior
to production. Assisted by WASPOLA team and media team
from Studio Audio Visual PUSKAT Yogyakarta, a short program
was produced. Other than that, dagelan was played and media
productions were also shown for consumption of community.
Participants practice group media methods to build dynamic
discussion and attract community discussion. From the training
result, six kecamatan planned jointly socialization that will be
done in each kecamatan using WSES media that they have
made.
While in FM radio and Mas FM radio and also Ratih TV will
present production result to the public. This will be done in
preparation of receiving WSES aid this year. Importance of
WSES Working Group forum was also presented to be esta-
blished in the kecamatan level so that activity integration and
empowerment process will be enjoyed by the smallest level of
government in the community.
Developing Community Concern to WSES
On 19-21 February 2008, in Pangkal Pinang, training was
also held as follow up of WSES Communication Strategy
Workshop that produce Advocacy Strategy to Save Environment
for Clean Water.
The workshop was opened by Setda of Bangka Belitung
Province, Imam Mardi Nugroho who stated that communication
is the important key in WSES development. "This skill is often
forgotten in physical-oriented WSES development that forgot
behavioral changes", he said. Imam hopes the training will pro-
duce accurate strategy in order for the related parties to save
environment of Bangka Belitung for the prosperity of the people.
Clean water and environmental sanitation issues in Bangka
Belitung are related with increasing copper mining without ta-
king regards of environmental conservation causing quality and
quantity degradation of the water. The people that lived in the
vicinity has starting to feel the effect and experiencing health
problems, thus environmental damage becomes the title of four
production media they produced, among others are photo essay
WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT
34 PercikAugust 2008
From Community Media To Social MarketingA Policy Communication Strategy
Participants of Community Media training for WSES socialization.
Pic: Dok/WASPOLA
for the newspaper, articles, comics, ser-
vice commercial in the radio and TV
(video).
Production themes that were done in
local dialect were made by participants,
from idea brainstorming, script writing,
photo shoot, and acting.
The memorable event, according to
the participants was the visit to local
media office which were Babel Post and
Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Bangka
Belitung. Other than broaden their
knowledge regarding the mass media,
this visit was also meant to build good
relation and cooperation with local mass
media for WSES advocacy. RRI offered
cooperation that will present benefit for
both parties, because drinking water
issue is recently becoming hot issue
among the public.
Babel Post is one of the media with
concern to WSES problems. They are
planning to write series articles of WSES
in its editions; such also the case with
video and comics that will be posted in
Babel Post site in order to be seen by
more people. Other important thing is
initiation of advocacy forum for commu-
nity who concern with WSES in Bangka
Belitung. Thus, whatever that have been
done in the workshop will be continued
with synergy from all parties.
Initiative to Involve Various WSES
Stakeholders
West Sumatera Province is one of the
provinces with great tendency in socializ-
ing WSES in the area. Using APBD fund,
WSES Working Group of West Sumatra
Province initiate initiative to held work-
shop of WSES Marketing Strategy
through Effective Communication
Strategy by inviting kabupaten/kota
either those who already started WSES
program, or those who only begin to start
WSES program. The workshop was held
in Kota Padang, on 25-27 April 2008.
This event that is also represents cele-
bration of World Water Day and launch-
ing of Indonesia Sanitation Year 2008
was followed by talk show. It was revealed
that WSES problems were not only phy-
sical problems; it was more behavior pro-
blems of various parties, not only commu-
nity, but also government and other par-
ties. The low level of participation and
unsustainable management were caused
by current socialization that was still
using one way old models. On the other
side, behavior from one generation to
another is difficult to change.
From the designed strategy, every sec-
tor has target audience that may be
affected problems arise; among other are
weak water manager institutions in the
national level. Thus, short drama was
made in the radio with key message
"strong institution, healthy talago".
While from solid waste group it was
agreed that the target is household wives,
maids and women group. There are two
posters produced with the theme of
improper solid waste disposal will cause
disease and you violated your neighbor
and your environment.
Whereas from domestic liquid waste
group, it was agreed the target is the peo-
ple living around the river and communi-
ty in general. The theme taken was
regarding pollution of the river that has
been used as disposal place of solid waste
and biological waste, causing unhealthy
environment. The video was brief but hit
the mark by showing what dirty river may
do to the community settlements with the
key words "your waste, your tiger, ready
to threat your life". Production that was
made by the participants was quite
informative and carries local wisdoms
that actually really close to the lives of
Minang community.
In the end of the workshop, partici-
pants from kabupaten/kota designed
socialization event that can be done in
their area using media they have created.
While new kabupaten/kota will use the
media to motivate establishment of
WSES Working Group in their area.
Group from the media will air the produc-
tion to motivate public awareness not to
pollute the water source and to maintain
environment health. WH
WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT
35PercikAugust 2008
Bupati Kebumen Ratringsih in action. Source: Dok/WASPOLA
WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT
36 PercikAugust 2008
In the year 2006, cooperation decree
between Government of Indonesia
and UNICEF was agreed and set in
Country Program Action Plan (CPAP).
The cooperation was implemented in se-
veral sectors, among others is community
based Water and Environmental
Sanitation (WES)
WES program was initiated in the
year 2006 and ended in the year 2010
with the target of developing 180 villages,
500 elementary schools, and 70,000
people living in slum areas. In batch I
(2006-2007), the program was imple-
mented in NTT, NTB, Central Java, and
Yogyakarta.
WES program in Yogyakarta has been
completed in the year 2007, while imple-
mentation for NTT, NTB, and Central
Java, are continued in batch II. In batch II
(2007-2010), with the support from the
Dutch and Swedish Government
(Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency/SIDA), WES
Program is expanded in 25 kabupatens,
and 5 kota in 6 provinces of Papua, West
Papua, Maluku, NTT, NTB, and South
Sulawesi.
In implementation of batch II,
UNICEF together with National WSES
Working Group coordinate the imple-
mentation of the WES Program. Learning
from previous experience, in was agreed
that focus of the WES Program is not only
WSES facility development, but also on
community behavior changes and capaci-
ty building of the local government.
Past experience shows that WSES facility
development without support of community
behavior changes will cause minimum facili-
ty utilization even no utilization at all.
Not Just Involving the Community
Capacity building of the local govern-
ment is initiated by establishment of
WSES Working Groups at the provincial
and kabupaten level of program location.
It is expected that the established WSES
Working Group will be able to coordinate
various WSES-related activities, among
others is WES. Through WES program,
series of capacity buildings of local WSES
Working Group is done by the technical
assistance of National WSES Working
Group, such as Training on Trainers
(TOT), WSES Strategic Planning
(Renstra), MPA/PHAST, Community
Lead Total Sanitation (CLTS), health pro-
motion health, school facilitation, and
participative monitoring and evaluation.
In term of community preparation,
especially for behavior change, there are
couple of things that were agreed to be
implemented, namely importance of
health campaign prior, during, and post
construction. This is meant that along
with step by step behavior change, clean
water and sanitation facilities will be
available for the community. Thus, the
facility will be built accordingly with the
need - not the wishes- of community.
Furthermore, it is expected that sense of
belonging of the facility will be consider-
ably high.
Community involvedness has two
important meanings namely decision
making and responsibility.
Decision making is done because
community is able to define the best
choice to fulfill their need; whereas
responsibility is community commitment
in taking all consequence of the choice.
Government role will then becomes
important in consorting the -starting to
independent- community. Thus, govern-
ment capacity needs to be strengthened in
order to keep up with development of
community empowerment.
Phases of WES Program Implemen-
tation: A Process
Due to the vast range of WES program
control batch II, WSES Working Group
and UNICEF is agree to compile a Project
Implementation Document (PID) or guid-
ance (petunjuk pelaksanaan - Juklak) of
the program. The PID is agreed to be a
"living" document and expected to be able
to accommodate various learning results
of program implementation in the field.
Therefore, in the end of the program, PID
that can be referred to as implementation
guidance for other similar programs can
be achieved.
According to the outline, WES pro-
gram implementation is divided into 6
phases, namely (i) Roadshow; (ii) institu-
tional preparation; (iii) local government
capacity building; (iv) choosing program
location; (v) community preparation; and
(vi) program implementation. Monitoring
and evaluation activity is already integrat-
ed in each phase.
WES program batch II is started with
series of road shows to identify interested
areas with commitment to implement the
program. As mention above, in this batch,
there are 25 kabupaten and 5 kota in 6
provinces. From series of road shows,
several follow ups were agreed; submis-
WES-UNICEF Program Lesson Learned inGovernment Capacity Building and
Community Preparation
sion of commitment letters from each kabupaten/kota, recruit-
ment of consorting consultant in the provincial level (Project
Officer), establishment of local WES Working Group.
These follow up actions that have been planned, in imple-
mentation are facing several problems, mainly related with PID
compilation. PID experiences delay in development , thus caus-
ing different interpretation between one kabupaten/kota and
another. Meanwhile, the activity is continued to be implement-
ed based on local experiences in program implementation. This
represents difficulty for National WSES Working Group and
UNICEF in coordinating the activities.
Despite difficulties if coordination, program implementation
on the sixth provinces is still running accordingly with general
program implementation. Until date, NTT province is the most
advance province in term of implementation compare to the
other five provinces. Most advance, not just in term of phases,
but also in term of process. For example, process of choosing
location of villages and school which this year is planned as pilot
project locations, is completed through series of ideal process,
which is through long list, road show on kabupaten level and
location determination. This should be used as learning materi-
al for other provinces, not just because of the process, but also
because of the impact by existence of big interest and commit-
ment from the villages and school chosen. NTT is currently
starting to prepare community work plan activity (rencana kerja
masyarakat - RKM) compilation in the village level. NTT is
expected to be able to complete the pilot project by early 2009.
Provinces of Maluku and West Papua are currently in the
institutional preparation and local government capacity build-
ing phase. Institutional preparation in Maluku and West Papua
is completed by carrying out several TOTs as conditioned in
implementing WES program or other similar program.
Although local government capacity building in West Papua is
seemingly limited in term of time and fund, but it is expected
that capacity building process that has been completed can be
well followed up. According to the information received by
National WSES Working Group and UNICEF, chosen kabupa-
ten in West Papua is currently compiling WSES Renstra.
Provinces of South Sulawesi and NTB are basically comple-
ted the phase of institutional preparation, because most of
selected kabupatens in both provinces are managed by WASPO-
LA. Two new kabupaten in South Sulawesi, which are kabupaten
Luwu Utara and Barru, have also followed other kabupatens by
establishing WSES Working Group in each kabupaten. Until
date, both provinces still have not started the phase of local go-
vernment capacity building due to several things, such as clarity
of capacity building process and the next phase, and, especially
for NTB, implementation focus is still completing batch I.
While for Papua province, until date, activity implementa-
tion is still in the phase of institutional preparation. It is planned
that in near date Papua province will implement local govern-
ment capacity building process.
Program Lesson Learned
Based on the problems exist, WSES Working Group and
UNICEF are trying to rearrange mechanism of program ma-
nagement through review meeting of WES Program that was
held in June 2nd 2008. There are three main roots of the iden-
tified problems, namely (i) period of program implementation
which is too short for community based program where empha-
sis on capacity building and community preparation are
extremely important; (ii) matching understanding toward pro-
gram implementation phases is essential; and (iii) fund alloca-
tion based on the need of each kabupaten/kota.
Regarding the time, batch II implementation is expected to
be completed by mid 2009. It was proposed that in the year
2008, selection for the rest of village targets to be implemented
in the year 2009 have been completed, which are 4 villages sup-
ported by UNICEF and 2 replication villages by local govern-
ment. This is meant so that the rest of the target villages can be
completed in two years period, which is first year for local go-
vernment capacity building and community preparation, and
second year for WSES facility development.
In order to achieve similar understanding on program imple-
mentation phases, PID socialization will be done in late June
2008 as well as socialization to all stakeholders. Furthermore,
local commitment will be confirmed on completing program
replication in the year 2009 by ensuring fund allocation for the
replica in APBD of the year 2009.
The learning gained so far is the need for basic understand-
ing regarding community based concept in the WSES develop-
ment. Sufficient time allocation is also important to ensure local
government capacity building and community preparation to
change behavior, represents possibility to guarantee avoidance
of previous failures that were captured through hundreds even
thousand WSES "monuments". This understanding is applied
for all stakeholders.
Another learning gained is the importance of similar under-
standing on program implementation phases, especially pro-
gram with vast control range. Scattered program location in East
Indonesia also represents other learning that requires attention.
Geographic and cultural condition, as well as understanding
community based concept in WSES development can still be
considered as new paradigm, plus decentralization policy that
requires special strategy in managing and coordinating the pro-
gram. FW
WES-UNICEF ROUNDABOUT
37PercikAugust 2008
Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) or adopted to
Bahasa Indonesia as Sanitasi Total Berbasis
Masyarakat (STBM), once again shows its success.
Toilet in every household represents condition achievement
where no more individual disposing their biological waste
improperly on open space.
This time, eight villages in Kecamatan Tugu, Kabupaten
Trenggalek declare their freedom from improper biogical waste
disposal. On May 14th 2008, community and government offi-
cial joint together at Tumpuk Village Hall (Balai Desa) to listen
to declaration of Open Defecation Free/ODF.
Eight villages in Kecamatan Tugu that have been freed from
open defecation are the villages of Tumpuk, Winong, Puru,
Gembleb, Ngulon Kulon, Wonokerto, Panggungsari, and
Tegaren. As appreciation of Tumpuk village as the first village
that achieves ODF, ODF declaration was done in Balai Desa
Tumpuk.
The event held by village community with fund assistance
from the government represents reward for community effort to
change behavior of open defecation into toilet utilization.
Triggering Strategy with Acceleration Method
STBM approach has been known generally as behavior
changes approach through trigger method on the aspects of dis-
gust, shame, dignity, and religious. Nevertheless, community
being triggered does not always show behavior changes.
Sometimes ignorant people are found. Therefore, in Kabupaten
Trenggalek, triggering is not only completed once, but up to four
times in every village.
Through this acceleration method, input of APBD fund for
STBM program of Rp. 150,641,500 in 5 months in the form of
facilitation activities have produced output of toilet develop-
ment fund by community with the amount of Rp.
1,528,500,000.
Moreover, one proud thing from the STBM program in
Kecamatan Tugu, Kabupaten Trenggalek is ODF coverage in
eight villages, up to 20 communities from the targeted 30.
Furthermore, there are four additional communities which ini-
tially do not show interest that have achieved ODF.
National Counterpart
Even after training and try outs, facilitators do not instantly
become expert in triggering. Many mobilized facilitators still
struggle with lack of confidence, thus requires counterpart/con-
sorting activity.
Not only to consort facilitators in triggering process, consort-
ing activity also presented plenty benefits in achieving ODF.
Through consorting activity, verification activity on community
access to sanitation becomes easier. Moreover, consorting activ-
ity also took the role of bridging communication between kabu-
paten and central government.
Follow Up Plan
STBM program in Kabupaten Trenggalek will not stop after
freeing eight villages from open defecation. Kabupaten
Trenggalek has vision to free the kabupaten from open defeca-
tion in the year 2009 and achieving Healthy Trenggalek by 2010.
For that reason, Kabupaten Trenggalek has prepared train-
ing to train 29 new facilitators. Budget proposal for the next tri-
ggering process has been set in agenda of STBM program. Thus,
target of all villages in Kabupaten Trenggalek received triggering
by the end of December 2009 will be able to realized. Dyota
Condrorini
STBM ROUNDABOUT
38 PercikAugust 2008
Declaration of Free fromOpen defecation
Source: Dyota Condrorini
A fter being launched last January
during Solid Waste Workshop, Solid
Waste Management Task Force (Gugus
Tugas Pengelolaan Sampah - GTPS) held
a meeting on May 9th 2008. The meeting
that was held in ESP/USAID office was
attended by representations of various
institutions such as Dana Mitra
Lingkungan (DML), Yayasan Perisai,
IATPI, ISSDP, Mercy Corps, WSES
Working Group, and ESP.
The meeting discussed prioritization
of government regulation with regard to
the Law No 18 Year 2008 on Solid Waste.
Prioritization was done by assessing
eleven government regulation plans and
sorting based on ranking of most points.
Prioritization criteria was compiled based
on the impact on health and social condi-
tion quality of community, community
economic growth, and quality of environ-
mental support power and local institu-
tional capacity by the scale of 1 to 5.
Identification was followed by consi-
derably long discussion which resulted in
plan prioritization on eleven government
regulations regarding Solid Waste Law.
Government regulation regarding the
funding of solid waste management and
community role in solid waste manage-
ment received the highest point and first
priority scale.
The result of GTPS meeting, as a fo-
llow up, will be presented in form of re-
commendation to all decision makers in a
special meeting that will be held in near
date. This effort was done as one form of
GTPS support in order to realize solid-
waste-problems-free Indonesia. DHA
C ommunity-Led Total Sanitation(Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat
- STBM) is a movement toward clean andhealthy lifestyle. There are five pillars inSTBM movement, namely disposing bio-logical waste in the toilet, washing handswith soap, household scale drinkingwater treatment, household scale wastewater management, and household scalesolid waste management. All fifth pillarshave been completed by various parties;however, the implementation is not yetwell coordinated.
With regard to the issue, an STBMnational strategy has been compiled thatwill become movement base for STBMexecutors. On this STBM workshop,STBM national strategy is socialized tothe STBM stakeholders with the purposeof acquiring inputs from STBM executors.
The workshop was initiated with aspeech from Oswar Mungkasa who repre-sented Bappenas Director of Housing andSettlement as the Head of WSES WorkingGroup. Next, Director of EnvironmentalImprovement (Penyehatan Lingkungan),Health Department legally opened the
workshop.On this occasion, it was also launched
one of WSES working groups, which isHealth and Hygiene Task Force (GugusTugas Kesehatan dan Higienitas -GTKH). This Task Force is under coordi-nation of Directorate of Disease Controland Environmental Improvement(Direktorat Pengendalian Penyakit danPenyehatan Lingkungan), Health De-partment.
After introducing Watsan Networkand launching of GTKH, the workshopwas continued with presentation of draftnational strategy of STBM. Presentationwas made by Water Improvement(Penyehatan Air) Kasubdit, ZainalNampira. Brief presentation was followedby focus discussion as the next in agenda.
In the draft of the STBM nationalstrategy, it was stated that there are 6strategic components, namely: (i)Creation of Conducive Environment, (ii)Increasing Demand, (iii) IncreasingSupply, (iv) Knowledge Management, (v)Funding, and (vi) Monitoring andEvaluation.
During the workshop it was also com-piled STBM work plan for the year 2008.The work plan represents general workplan, which means that it's not only co-vers government's work plan, but alsoother stakeholder's such as NGOs or edu-cation institutions. Thus, coordination,cooperation and collaboration are expect-ed to be established between stakehold-ers, in order to increase WSES profile inIndonesia. DYO/DHA
WATSAN NETWORK ROUNDABOUT
39PercikAugust 2008
Meeting of Solid Waste Task ForceGovernment Regulation (PP) Priority Regarding Solid Waste Law (UU)
Community-Led Total Sanitation Workshopand Launching of Health and Hygiene Task Force
Participants of Community-Led Total Sanitation(STBM) Workshop, Puncak 26-27 May 2008.
Source: Dyota Condrorini
M ain event of World Water Day
2008 was held on Friday, May
16th 2008 at office yard of Public Works
Department, Jl. Pattimura No 20-27,
Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan. The
event was started by report from Head of
National Committee for World Water Day
2008 (Hari Air Dunia 2008 - HAD), Staf
Ahli I Public Work Department Mocha-
mad Amron.
After the report, a speech from
Women Empowerment Minister was pre-
sented followed by speech from Public
Works Minister. In his speech, Djoko
Kirmanto reminded everyone of the
importance of sanitation in maintaining
availability of clean water and sanitation
problems that have become general prob-
lems, thus sectoral efforts are no longer
applicable.
Furthermore in his speech, he stated
that local initiative is the motor of
current sanitation development.
Central Government only assists
local governments who really will-
ing to develop and maintain.
After the speech, series of events
related with Water Day were pre-
sented; among others was "Washing
Hands with Soap" campaign by Eselon I
Officer.
With background song of hand washing
with soap, in the campaign, the officers of
eselon I consorted by students of SDI Al
Azhar, Jakarta Selatan, were asked to show
how to properly wash hands with soap.
Furthermore, series of events such as
competition regarding solid waste sorting
between directorates of Public Works
Department, comedy with the theme
"Sanitation is the answer", and singing
performance by Nugie were held. Nugie
performed songs with environmental
theme.
The event that was arranged quite
attractively could at least leave message
and warning for all of us that water
source availability is currently degrading
due to continuous pollution. This, off
course, is up to us to maintain and fix.
The benefit may not be felt directly by us,
but more importantly, will be felt by our
children and grandchildren. If we make
the effort to provide proper sanitation
now, the future of our country will be bet-
ter with less pollution. DH
WSES ROUNDABOUT
40 PercikAugust 2008
(1) Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto gave speech on WorldWater Day 2008. (2) Public Works Minister Djoko Kirmanto,Women Empowerment Minister, and several high rank officersare attending celebration of HAD 2008. (3) Solid Waste sortingcompetition between directorates of Public Works Depart-ment. (4) Ballad singer, Nugie, also celebrating HAD 2008.Source: Dini Haryati
1
2 3
4
Main Event of World Water Day 2008
World Environmental Day
(Hari Lingkungan Hidup
Sedunia - HLHS) in the year
2008 has entered its 36th age since initi-
ated the first time in the year 1972
through the UN conference. Celebration
theme is different every year. In 2008,
HLHS celebration was planned to be held
at the capital of New Zealand, Wellington,
with the theme of "CO2, Kick the Habit!
Towards a Low Carbon Economy".
New Zealand was chose because New
Zealand is the first country that has
promised to make the country free from
carbon gas and has been very focus on
forest management as tools to reduce
green house effect.
Celebration on June 5th 2008 was
filled with various activities; among oth-
ers are house to house presentation that
will be done by local environment organ-
ization to talk about topics around educa-
tion, food, transportation, energy, and
increasing public awareness.
For 36 years celebrations of World
Environment Day have used various
themes that were usually adjusted with
developing hot topic of the year. In order
to understand how the previous year
HLHS celebration was followed up, brief
discussion is held regarding topics of
HLHS celebration in the last two years.
World Environmental Day 2007
Environmental topic that year was
"Melting Ice - A Hot Topic". That year,
the celebration was focused on the con-
tent of climate changes that will trigger
ice melting in the polar cleft. The city that
became the host of HLHS celebration that
year was Tromse, Norway, a city known
as the gate to the North Pole.
The big agenda is how to face every-
body on environmental issue while at the
same time making the world community
as agents in realizing equal and sustain-
able development to change behavior to
always hold principles of environmental
conservation.
The celebration was also celebrated
by bicycle parade, "green" concert, com-
petition of article writing and environ-
mental posters that was held in schools,
planting trees and recycle campaign.
World Environmental Day 2006
For the year 2006, the theme was
"Don't Dessert Dryland". Shrinking num-
ber of desserts and dry lands are concern-
ing. Unlike water and air that are relative-
ly cleanable, soil damage requires thou-
sand of years to be fixed.
As additional information, 40 percent
of earth's surface is covered by dry lands
and desserts. Therefore, the celebration
that was held in Algeria focused on the
topic.
Follow Up of HLHS Celebration:
What and How our Current
Environment?
That is at least the issue taken for
World Environmental Day for the last two
years. Various issues were brought up
accordingly with the booming topic at the
time.
Two years went by since celebration of
World Environmental Day in the year
2006 with the theme of Don't Dessert Dry
Lands. Fixing 40 percent of earth surface
WSES ROUNDABOUT
41PercikAugust 2008
World EnvironmentalDay
On the peak celebration of World Environmental Day 2008, Indonesia President SusiloBambang Yudhoyono awarded environmental preservation award to nine peoples from va-rious provinces and three NGOs at Istana Negara, Jakarta, Thusday, June 5th 2008.
Kalpataru was divided into four categories, namely environmental exponent,environmental servant, environmental rescuer, and environmental builder. For environ-mental exponent, it was awarded to Cukup Rudiyanto from Indramayu West Java, Sriyatunfrom Surabaya East Java, Abu Wenna from Wajo South Sulawesi, Theresia Mia Tobi fromEast Flores, NTT, and Abbas H Usman from Indragiri Hilir Riau.
Environmental servant was awarded to Jadjit Bustami from Bondowoso EastJava, Lalu Selamat from Dompu NTT, and Muthalib Ahmad from Banda Aceh NAD.
Environmental rescuer was awarded to the people of Pekraman Buahan VillageBangli Bali Province, Argo Mulyo farmer group from Madiun East Java, and Bahtera MelayuNGO from Bengkalis Riau Province. Whereas environmental builder was awarded toAngerius Takalapeta from Alor NTT.
Beside Kalpataru, Adipura award was also awarded. Metropolitan city categorywas awarded to Kota Palembang, Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta Barat, Surabaya, Jakarta Utara,and Jakarta Pusat.
Big city category was awarded to Pekanbaru, Padang, and Batam. Medium citycategory was awarded to 28 cities and Small City category was awarded to 57 cities.
According to the data from Environmental Ministry (Kementrian LingkunganHidup - KLH), since Kalpataru has been awarded to individual or groups who have foughtfor the sake of environment in the year 1980, at least 240 people and groups have receivedthis award.
Kalpataru and Adipura Award
have not been done yet, it was worsen by
green house effect and global warming.
New problem arise: melting ice, and
increasing water surface. Both problems
triggered the same effect: fewer places to
live for the world's inhabitants.
Ice melting in the earth surface
becomes the focus in World
Environmental Day 2007. United
Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
took the theme of "Melting Ice, Beware!"
Main celebration has been held at
Tromso, Norway. As with air, water, and
soil, ice also have important role in creat-
ing the environment in this planet.
Ice, in the form of ocean, glacier,
chunks, or snow reflects the sun. In the
contrary, dark ocean surface and uncov-
ered land surface are keeping the heat,
and increase the earth's temperature.
When the ice layer disappears, the earth
will continue to store the sun's heat. The
higher the temperature of the earth, more
ice will melt, and this will trigger global
warming.
Increased temperature of the earth
has been forecasted by many people.
Increasing use of fuel since the birth of
industrial world in every part of the world
has triggered gas emission such as carbon
dioxide and carbon monoxide. This gas
emission had increased temperature of
the earth's surface, including ozone layer
damage in the earth's atmosphere.
Industrial world has run out all the
world's resources. Not just fossil fuel such
as natural oil, but also forest. Until date,
the forest that is left is no more than 6
percent of the earth's surface, and repre-
sents home for 30 million species and
provides 30 percent oxygen for the world.
This year, Guiness world record book
will put Indonesia as a country with high-
est level of forest destruction among
countries with 90 percent of the world's
forest. Greenpeace noted, every hour
Indonesia destroys forest that is equal
with 300 soccer fields. 72 percent of ori-
ginal forests in Indonesia have been
destroyed and half of what is left is still
under threat of fire, commercial logging,
and forest opening for sawit coconut
fields.
Forest destruction is the real source of
disaster. Oxygen that represents the most
important element for human life is thin-
ning. This fact is inversely proportion
with the high level of green house emis-
sion that may potentially destroy the life.
What are we waiting for? Let's start
now. Start from small things. Such as
proper disposal of solid waste or using
less motor vehicles. Let's make World
Environmental World 2008 as the entry
point that will never ends to maintain the
environment. Happy World Environ-
mental Day. Willy from several sources
WSES ROUNDABOUT
42 PercikAugust 2008
S ince celebrated the first time in theyear 1972, the topics are as follow:
2007 Melting Ice - a Hot Topic?2006 Desserts and Desertification - Don't
Dessert Drylands!2005 Green Cities - Plan for the Planet!2004 Wanted! Seas and Oceans - Dead or
Alive?2003 Water-Two Billion People are Dying
for It!2002 Give Earth a Chance2001 Connect with the World Wide Web of
Life2000 The Environment Millennium - Time
to Act 1999 Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!1998 For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas1997 For Life on Earth1996 Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home1995 We the Peoples: United for the Global
Environment
1994 One Earth One Family1993 Poverty and the Environment -
Breaking the Vicious Circle1992 Only One Earth, Care and Share1991 Climate Change. Need for Global
Partnership1990 Children and the Environment1989 Global Warming; Global Warning1988 When People Put the Environment
First, Development Will Last1987 Environment and Shelter: More Than
A Roof1986 A Tree for Peace1985 Youth: Population and the
Environment 1984 Desertification1983 Managing and Disposing Hazardous
Waste: Acid Rain and Energy1982 Ten Years After Stockholm (Renewal
of Environmental Concerns)1981 Ground Water; Toxic Chemicals in
Human Food Chains1980 A New Challenge for the New Decade:
Development Without Destruction1979 Only One Future for Our Children -
Development Without Destruction1978 Development Without Destruction1977 Ozone Layer Environmental Concern;
Lands Loss and Soil Degradation1976 Water: Vital Resource for Life1975 Human Settlements1974 Only One Earth
City of Wellington, New Zealand from above (Source: www.wikipedia.com)
April 22nd is a date in one year which most people do
not realize. Maybe for environmentalists, the date is
not so strange.
Since the year 1970, awareness to preserve environmental of
water, earth, and air, have been raised, including actions all over
the world with one main objective of making the world healthy.
"Earth Day". Yes, that's how they call it. It is hoped that in
every celebration of Earth Day, the earth is not getting "sick"
because what the inhabitants did.
Earth Day is celebrated to remind us of our daily behavior to
the world where we live in.
Many bad things have been done to the earth, such as uncon-
trolled deforestation, usage of chemicals endangering the ozone,
wasting energy source such as water and oil, and improper waste
disposal.
On that day, we are reminded of the negative impact of our
actions to the planet that we called home. The most apparent
impact is global warming.
Global warming happened due to the green house effect.
Concentration of green house gas is blocking sun radiation
reflection from earth to the space, thus accumulation of hot radi-
ation is trapped in the air causing excessive heat.
Many ways can be done to reduce green house gas emission,
among other is to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) level in the air.
One of the ways is to use polluted-free vehicles as often as possi-
ble or use environmental-friendly and energy-safe vehicles.
More important is behavior change of the earth inhabitants.
Start to safe water, recycle solid waste, stop illegal logging,
ensure efficiency of energy source (such as electricity and fuel)
utilization, don't use chemicals that may harmed the ozone, and
ensure proper waste disposal.
History of the Earth Day
It was initiated from the speech of Wisconsin Senator,
Gaylord Nelson in the year 1969 in Seattle, USA. At the time, he
proposed national appliance of teach in, additional lecture on
hot controversial issues, especially environmental issues.
Nelson's idea acquired great supports from the civil commu-
nity. This is the embryo of Earth Day, because a year latter, to be
exact, on April 22nd 1970, million of people are parading on the
street of Fifth Avenue, New York. No less than 1500 universities
and 10 thousand schools participated in this demonstration in
New York, Washington, and San Fransisco.
Time magazine wrote around 20 million of people have flood
the street that day, together launch the Earth Day and demand-
ing to start a "green revolution". The first Earth Day celebration
in the year 1970 was considered to be the peak of environmental
movement of the 60's.
From the first Earth Day movement phenomenon in USA,
various environmental groups were born, among others are
Environmental Action (in Washington, 1970), Greenpeace (envi-
ronmental groups that is known to be radical and militant, born
in 1971), Environmentalist for Full Employment (group that
against industrialist, born in 1975), Worldwatch Institute
(research and study center that collects various information
regarding global environmental threats, 1975), and many others.
This monumental movement, according to Nelson, who died
on July 4th 2005 at the age of 89 years, is said to be "incredible
weed root explosion". It was not surprising if Nelson is said to be
Father of International Earth Day. And to date, every 22 April,
countries all over the world are celebrating it. MCH
WSES ROUNDABOUT
Earth Day2008
43PercikAugust 2008
Source: Bowo Leksono
First stone placement of pilot projectof school toilet in order to increaseschool and environmental sanitati-
on was focused in SDN Sepatan I Kabu-paten Tangerang on Wednesday, May 7th2008. Beside SDN Sepatan I, the pilotproject was also done at SDN Sepatan IVand V, as well as SDN Kedaung I and III.
Activity in order to celebrate OneHundred Years National Movement andInternational Sanitation Year 2008(Seabad Kebangkitan Nasional dan TahunSanitasi Internasional 2008) was held bySolidaritas Istri Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu(SIKIB) through Green and CleanIndonesia Program in cooperation withthe Public Works Department.
Vice Tangerang Bupati, H. Rano Karnoexpressed his happiness as well as hisshame. "This area is bolbon area (dispo-sing biological waste in the field)", he saidfollowed by laughter of hundreds of schoolcommunity.
However, Bung Rano, familiar nick-name for the vice bupati who is also anactor, is confident that if we still haveshameful feeling, then we are still being
responsible. "After your school toilet isbuilt, I don't want to hear boys peeingunder the tree," he said, again followed bylaughter of hundreds of people.
Bang Rano who represented BupatiTangerang hopes that the aid for schooltoilet will give benefit to increase educa-
tion in the school area. He and his staff willcontinue what the central government hasdone to the area.
Inducement for Local GovernmentTeam from the central government
comprises of SIKIB and Public WorksDepartment. Present was Head of SIKIB,Murniati Widodo AS, Lis Djoko Kirmanto,Erna Budi Yuwono, and Erna Witoelar.Also present was Directorate General ofCipta Karya Ir. Budi Yuwono.
Coordinator of SIKIB Green and CleanIndonesia Program Erna Witoelar saidthat they have chosen Sepatan because thisarea has high risk in cleanliness andcholera plague as well as dengue fever isoften happened. "Here, awareness in sani-tation is still low especially in schools," shesaid.
Erna hopes that the aid for one unit toi-let with the cost of Rp 150 million repre-sents inducement for local government tocontinue toilet development in otherschools. "Furthermore, what more impor-tant is that the toilet will be properly usedand maintained," she said. BW
WSES ROUNDABOUT
44 PercikAugust 2008
First Stone Placement forSchool Toilet
Dirty and Smelly School Toilet
Sinta who still studying in the se-
cond grade of SDN Sepatan IV,
was blushed when asked where
she disposed biological waste when she
was in school. She answered that she had
to go back to her house that located not
far from the school.
Different story told by Husni and his
two seemingly close friends. Husni, third
grade student of SDN Sepatan I and his
buddies will run to the back part of the
school whenever they wanted to defecate.
"School toilets are dirty, smelly, and
sometimes without water," said Husni.
The same condition caused him and the
entire school community to feel uncom-
fortable in disposing their biological
waste.
Last, SDN Sepatan I doesn't even
have toilet for both student and teacher.
Students had to go to the back of the
school, while the teachers had to go to
PGRI office nearby. While SDN Sepa-
katan V, located in the same complex
with SDN Sepatan I, have six toilets but
they are not functioning because plugged
and full. BW
Head of SIKIB Murniati Widodo AS with ViceTangerang Bupati H. Rano Karno is placing the
first stone. Source: Bowo Leksono
Little doctors from SDN Sepatan I Tangerang.Source: Bowo Leksono
The important of synergizingWSES sector management andcoordination is urgent to be done
at Kabupaten Barru in order for the opti-mum goals of sustainable WSES can beachieved. This is revealed in workshopand training of Renstra compilation inKabupaten Barru, South Sulawesi, thatwas held for 5 days, 14-18 April 2008, inPare-Pare.
WSES Renstra Workshop andTraining was opened by Head of BappedaKamil R who stated that WSES activitiesrequire multi-parties involvedness andrequire umbrella of comprehensive andintegrated planning. "SKPD Renstra isstill sectoral, thus we need programRenstra, especially WSES," he said.
The main purpose of the training is toprovide WSES Working Group member ofKabupaten Barru with method of WSESRenstra development, analysis skill ofWSES sector issues and at the same timeskill to develop the WSES Renstra.
Workshop and training that was heldin participative method, representingdynamic education for adults, was facili-tated by WASPOLA, program that wasfocused on policy and sector reformdevelopment in Indonesia. The workshop
and training itself represents cooperationbetween WSES Working Group ofKabupaten Barru , National level WSESWorking Group and WES-Unicef.
Result discussion of the participantsduring identification and analysis is thatWSES problems are not only unfunction-ing facilities, but also lack of coordina-tion. Discussion result was then mappedinto goal of WSES development inKabupaten Barru. The result is formula ofvision and mission.
The vision is "availability of sustain-able clean water and healthy environ-ment in Kabupaten Barru by 2015," thatwill be realized through the mission of i)increase WSES service coverage, ii)
increase community role, and iii) pro-mote clean and healthy living.
In order to define strategic issue andpolicy, participants performed deepanalysis on internal and external condi-tion of WSES development. Identificationand analysis of strength and weaknesswere done to find out internal condition,while external condition was reviewed byidentifying and analysis of opportunityand threat.
The analysis is known as SWOT(Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, andThreat) analysis. The result among otherscan be seen in the table below.
From SWOT analysis result, partici-pants developed strategic issue, policy,and program. Four agreed strategic pro-
grams will be further developed in strate-gic actions. Strategic action will bereferred to in program and activity com-pilation in related SKPD.
In order to formulate and finalizedthe Renstra, it was agreed to establishformulation team coordinated byBappeda. The members represent crosssectoral/institutional. Furthermore, inthis workshop and training membershipand structure of WSES Working Group ofKabupaten Barru were also formulated. DHS
WSES ROUNDABOUT
45PercikAugust 2008
Training and Workshop of Strategic Plan(Renstra) Development of Kabupaten Barru
Source: Dok/WASPOLA
S T R E N G T H O P P O R T U N I T YW E A K N E S S T H R E A TE X T E R N A LI N T E R N A L
Human resource avai-labilityWater resource poten-tial availabilityLocal government com-mitment in implemen-tation of WSES programConducive leadershipclimate
Low capacity of function-al officers in managingsustainable WSES pro-gram
Limited fundNo local regulation forCommunity Based WSESsustainabilityWeak coordination inmanaging sustainableWSES program
Conflict of interest inwater source utilization
Unsucces s fu l/unres -ponded WSES policiesUnsustainable WSES faci-lityLarge amount of invest-ment required to provideservice for the increasingnumber of populationDegrading drinking waterservice productivity
Central Government po-licy regarding WSES
Partnership opportunitywith private and donoragenciesIncreasing demand ofclean waterCommunity support forsustainable WSES deve-lopment
STBM Training forInternship (KKN) Student
Candidate of UGM
T raining of Community-led total sani-tation (Sanitasi Total Berbasis
Masyarakat - STBM) for KKN Student ofUGM Yogyakarta and WaterplantCommunity was held on 25-27 April2008 at LPPM Meeting Room of UGM.
The training represents cooperationbetween WASPOLA, WSES WorkingGroup of National level, and WaterplantCommunity of UGM. WaterplantCommunity is a community that focuseson community development sector insupporting achievement of sustainabledevelopment in the framework of watersupply in the rural area.
Material of the training includesdirect field practice in the village.Cooperation with UGM is the secondcooperation with university afterTirtayasa University Banten.
STBM training in cooperationbetween national level WSES WorkingGroup and various universities is plannedin order to accelerate STBM implementa-tion to achieve MDG's target for sanita-tion by the year 2015.
Cross Learning SumbarWorking Group to Banten
Working Group
A mong the activity of preparing theplanning for local development
2009, WSES Working Group of SumatraBarat Province will held cross learning toWSES Working Group of BantenProvince on 24-25 April 2008. The visitwas done to exchange informationregarding WSES program implementa-tion in both provinces, especially imple-mentation of STBM.
During the visit STBM developmentstrategy and implementation of BantenProvince was discussed. In Banten,STBM in expansion phase is involvingkabupaten Working Group, NGO, univer-sities and school. Program design wasprepared by Banten Working Group,while implementation was done by rela-
ted SKPD.To support the program, Banten
Working Group has cooperated withProject Concern Indonesia (PCI),National level WSES Working Group,WASPOLA, and Tirtayasa University.The progress made Banten the partner ofnational level WSES Working Group indeveloping STBM. Currently, nationallevel WSES Working Group helps to fundSTBM development in Banten Provincethrough funding scheme together withcentral, province, and kabupaten.
Until date, training for communityhas been done on WSES management.
The training will continue and reachbroader objective group. Field executorand the design were fully developed byWSES Working Group Banten.
To maintain and accelerate STBMimplementation, Banten WSES WorkingGroup also targeted community memberand institution that can be initiator. Theinitiator will be trained and shaped as theagent of sanitation behavior changes inthe community level.
Banten WSES Working Group isactively produces leaflets, brochure, andother communication tools for STBM.Some schools use BOS fund to produceleaflets that are suitable for school chil-dren, as campaign tools of behaviorchanges into clean and healthy livingsince early stage, including washinghands with soap (CTPS).
The follow up effort that was plannedby Banten WSES Working Group iscooperation with Danamon Peduli pro-gram, but it was focused more on urbansolid waste management. The programwill also be developed with participationpattern and STBM trigger.
Field VisitAfter the meeting, a visit was made to
Taktakan Village, Kecamatan Taktakan,approximately 30 minutes from theprovince capital, to see the result ofSTBM application. In this location,Sumbar Working Group is greeted byCamat Taktakan and engages dialoguewith the community. Until date, owner-ship and access to toilets in Taktakanhave increased since triggered byTirtayasa University. Then, the numberwas only 20 percent.
Community has also compile workplan to prepare STBM and free of opendefecation. Acceleration of the action(free of open defecation) is done bycooperation with Puskesmas that willingto provide budget for midwife facilitatorand sanitarian.
Banten Working Group innovationreceives attention of Sumbar WorkingGroup. Banten strategy will be adoptedand implemented in the work plan ofSumbar Working Group next year. It wasplanned that in 2009, Sumbar WorkingGroup will develop STBM in 10 kabu-patens.
Visit to National Level WSESWorking Group
On this visit, Sumbar Working Groupalso planned meeting with NationalWSES Working Group and WASPOLA.The meeting discussed WSES programdevelopment in Sumbar Province, imple-mentation strategy for the year 2009,National WSES Working Group supportto the area and continuity of WASPOLAsupport in Sumatera Barat.
The meeting was especially discussedfollow up of WSLIC activity in SumateraBarat post project. In near time, SumbarProvince will held workshop to discussaction plan of the province and WSLIClocation. dhs/pur/syaf
WSES ROUNDABOUT
46 PercikAugust 2008
Visit of Sumbar WSES Working Group inNational level WSES Working Group Secretariat.
Source: Exclusive
Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) or
SToPS is the first program in Indonesia that translates
in vast scale the new strategy of Government of
Indonesia regarding community based sanitation.
SToPS program is a partnership program between
Government of Indonesia (GoI), Water and Sanitation Program
(WSP), and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The fund of US$
1.9 million from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation were used to
develop the approach comprehensively.
Learning from CLTS or sanitation marketing experience, GoI
has decided to implement SToPS program in all 29 kabupaten of
East Java Province during the period of 2007-2009. This was
done as the effort of increasing access to sanitation in safe and
healthy manner, as well as quick and sustainable hygienic
behavior.
What can kabupaten done to acquire benefit from SToPS
Program?
Kabupaten may implement existing sanitation programs
with SToPS program approach.
Eliminating subsidized fund of family toilet development
and channeled it to alternative program such as reward for
community for achieving collective behavior change, held
inter-village and inter-kecamatan competition in achieving
the status of open defecation, developing local sanitation
market, and promote hygienic behavior, demand creation,
etc.
Adopt and develop SToPS approach in broader area, con-
sidering that the program is only available in limited time
and area.
Establish kabupaten working team.
Benefit for Kabupaten that Participating in SToPS
Program
The participating Kabupaten in SToPS Program will receive
technical assistance to:
Strengthen political commitment for scale up effort among
local leaders, such as Bupati, DPRD/politician/political
party, leaders of community organization, NGO leaders,
camat, local media, etc.
Build institutional capacity and implementation support
for local government (Health Agency, Bappeda, and related
partner institution) to manage demand creation, increasing
supply, and monitoring implementation and the achieve-
ment.
What does SToPS Program want to Achieve in
Indonesia?
It is expected that by the year 2009 (the end of program),
SToPS Program will:Increase number of community with access to safe andhygiene sanitation facility at least to 1.4 million people inEast Java.
Gain learning regarding sustainable approach application
in broader scale in Indonesia, in the effort to achieve MDG
target for rural sanitation before or by the year 2015.Develop learning contribution on global understandingthat enable replication of the approach in 5-15 other coun-tries, as well as increasing access to safe and hygienic sani-tation for over 250 million people by the year 2015. BW
PROGRAM
47PercikAugust 2008
SToPSTotal Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing
A toilet beside the house located above the fish pond.Source: Bowo Leksono
Methane Gas Reactor
I have tried to treat waste from food
industry (leftover) in anaerobic reac-
tor to produce methane gas that I have
been using to produce electricity for inter-
nal installation. The produced
gas is initially very high, how-
ever, after about one year, gas
production tends to decreased.
When solid waste is treated in
the reactor (around 20 days), I
found color change from food
waste that was normally black-
ish in the reactor, and current-
ly become grayish. For your
information, to maintain pH,
I'm using natrium bicarbonate.
What should I do to increase
performance of my reactor?
Did I put too much concentra-
tion of natrium bicarbonate?
(Sukamto, Jakarta)
Answer
Utilization of natrium bicarbonate to
maintain pH is normally done in installa-
tion with large capacity to regulate pH on
optimum pH for anaerobic process,
which is 7,0-7,2.
It is very possible that natrium com-
pound is accumulated in the reactor, due
to large quantity of natrium bicarbonate
in the reactor. Natrium concentration
above 3,5-5,5 gr/l can be toxic for
methanogen microorganism/bacteria.
Color change in the reactor indicated that
anaerobic process is no longer perfect.
The color was caused by failure of sul-
phate reduction process into sulfur,
which should mark the anaerobic
process, where the waste will have black-
ish color.
In order to achieve that, it's a good
idea to mix strong base as neutralizer
(such as natrium hydroxide), mixed
natrium bicarbonate. This will reduce
accumulation of natrium compound,
because natrium hydroxide requirement
is less than natrium bicarbonate.
To fix performance of your reactor, it
is advised to clean approximately half of
the waste volume in the reactor, to be fol-
lowed by system stabilization and use
natrium hydroxide plus a little natrium
bicarbonate to maintain pH.
Water TreatmentInstallation
In Water Treatment Installation
(Instalasi Pengolah Air - IPA), how to
modify process unit or operational unit to
produce mercury compound (Hg)?
(Tatang, Bandung)
Answer
Mercury exclusion is generally done
using adsorption process. Using active
carbon may reduce mercury concentra-
tion over 90 percent. Adsorption unit can
be installed in the end part of ope-
rational unit after filtration
process using Granular Activated
Carbon (GAC).
In IPA, sometimes GAC
utilization can be attached to
quick sand filtration. This will
reduce area requirement. However
difficulty will be faced in regener-
ating GAC because GAC cannot be
cleaned by common filter clean-
sing, because the mechanism is
not common straining like sand
media, but adsorption mechanism,
where special and exclusive rege-
neration is required.
Modification of coagulation
process using coagulant in excessive
amount (enhanced coagulation) can
exclude mercury, although the perform-
ance will not be as high as adsorption
process. Enhanced coagulation (can be
up to 120 mg/l, where common coagula-
tion usually require only 40-50 mg/l) will
coagulate particle along with mercury in
coagulation process which eventually will
bond mercury with floc, become thicker
floc, until finally deposited on sedimenta-
tion unit. Microfloc containing unde-
posited mercury on sedimentation unit
will be flowed and filtered in quick sand
filter. * Contributor is doctoral program student
At Division of Environmental Science and
Engineering, National University of Singapore
(NUS), Singapore.
Contact: sandhieb@yahoo.com
IATPI CLINIC
48 PercikAugust 2008
Waste Water Management Pond (PD PAL Jaya)
in Setiabudi area, Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono
Questions can be submitted through editors of Percik MagazineContributor: Sandhi Eko Bramono (Sandhieb@yahoo.com), Lina Damayanti (Ldamayanti@yahoo.com)
Percik Magazine in cooperation with Ikatan Ahli Teknik Penyehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, opens Clinic column.This column contains questions and answers regarding clean water and environmental sanitation.
Approaching half way to achievement dead-line of Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) in 2015, achieve-
ment performance of Indonesia can notbe proud of. It was obvious thatIndonesia's challenge of achievingtarget 10 in objective number 7which is to reduce by half, in2015, of population proportionwithout access to basic cleanwater and sanitation representsa heavy task.
One of the main cha-llenges is lack of understanding ofdecision makers, especially inlocal level regarding MDGs.Therefore, it is important to explainMDG in a documenter movie with thetitle of "Toward Indonesia 2015". Thecontent is packed briefly and easy to beunderstood. Furthermore, as assistance tool, thedocumenter movie is completed with booklet as written
explanation.The movie that represents coopera-
tion between Bappenas and Plan Indonesiais part of the effort to spread information
regarding MDGs. The movie focus onachievement reality of objective
number seven of the MDGs espe-cially in achieving access to basicclean water and sanitation.
The movie with 20 mi-nutes duration is completed withdata in the form of achievementtables of all eight objectives.
Moreover, speech from ex MDGs'Ambassador for Asia Pacific Erna
Witoelar and interview with BupatiBoalemo Iwan Bokings responding to
MDGs can also be found in this movie.The movie is available at WSES Working
Group library, jl. Cianjur No 4 Menteng,Central Jakarta. BW
CD INFO
49PercikAugust 2008
MDGs Documenter Movie
"Sang Pawang Air", documenter movie fromPurbalingga, Central Java is presentingwater problem faced by the commu-
nity. Community initiation in overcomingtheir problems collectively is an interest-ing depiction in the movie with 18minutes duration.
Technically, according evalua-tion from the jury, the moviedirected by Bowo Leksono is wellperformed that leads the movie asthe second winner in theDocumentary Movie Competition2008 with the theme "Human andWater" held by FORKAMI.
Mujamil, the Pawang Air (WaterTamer), is not an engineer or profe-ssor. He is just a religious teacher in anElementary School and Junior HighSchool in Baseh Village, KecamatanKaranglewas, Kabupaten Banyumas. However,his concern to the community is able to encouragehim to create clean water division tool.
At first, in Baseh Village, water struggling betweenpeople in the community is often occurred. Reservoir
and water pipes are not excluded from commu-nity vandalism. This is the background for
Mujamil to create a tool of water divisionin order to ensure justice between peo-
ple in the community in clean waterconsumption.
The tool that at first is opposedby Local Government was based oncorrelated canister technique.Government legality became lessimportant because of the moreurgent needs of the community
regarding the clean water.After utilization of the water divi-
sion tool, not only water provisionproblems that are solved, but also fair
and equal division. No wonder Mujamil iscalled the water tamer. DVD of this documen-
tary movie is available at WSES Working GroupLibrary. BW
Documenter Movie "Sang Pawang Air" (the Water Tamer)
The book reviewed lessons learned and best practices regard-
ing WSES development in Indonesia. It is true, that many
other similar books have been issued; however, the 163 pages
book is a little different. What is the difference?
The difference is in the frame and documentary process of
WSES development best practices as an experience. Location
and activity selection was not done by firm criteria, but more
from "mouth to mouth", which is followed by field visit.
The book frame which first edition was issued on April 2008
consists of three parts and divided into eight chapters. First part
represents brief pictures of WSES condition in Indonesia, se-
cond part reveal WSES learning with focus on lessons learned
from the field visits which then written completely in the attach-
ment.
The closure part represents summary from the overall learn-
ing. While in the attachment, we can see reports of the field vi-
sits from each location completed with sources list along with
their address.
The book that is available in WSES Working Group library,
Jl. Cianjur No. 4 Menteng, Central Jakarta, represents part of
cooperation between Bappenas and Plan Indonesia. One of the
main objectives of the cooperation is knowledge management
and resource center of WSES. At least, this book will add more
reference in WSES sector. BW
BOOK INFO
Depiction of WSES Development in Indonesia
T his simple booklet of Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) was made in order to provide written explanation
for MDGs documentary movie that was issued under coopera-
tion between Bappenas and Plan Indonesia. The booklet con-
tains eight MDGs objectives with 18 targets and 40 indicators,
which suppose to be achieved by the year 2015.
MDGs are quantitative and scheduled target in the effort of
overcoming global poverty and other poverty dimension such as
hunger, disease, basic infrastructure provision (housing and se-
ttlement) and promoting gender and education equality, as well
as sustainable environment. MDGs also represent the effort of
fulfilling human right such as included in the UN Millennium
Declaration.
The eight MDGs objectives are: fighting poverty and extreme
hunger, realizing basic education for all, encouraging gender
equality and women empowerment, reduce mortality number of
the children, increase health of the mother, fight HIV and AIDS,
malaria, and other diseases, ensuring environmental preserva-
tion, and developing global partnership for the development.
The explanation in this booklet is focused on the seventh
objective, which is ensuring environmental preservation which
also includes target to reduce half of population proportion
without sustainable access to safe clean water and basic sanita-
tion by the year 2015. BW
50 PercikAugust 2008
MDGs Booklet
WEBSITE INFO
51PercikAugust 2008
Freshwater ActionNetwork (FAN)
http://freshwateraction.net
Freshwater Action Network (FAN) is a
networking site that was legalized
through the World Drinking Water
Forum, March 2000. The main purpose
of the site is to ensure that all community
institutions or NGOs of drinking water
and sanitation sectors can speak up their
aspiration, especially in forums of policy
decision of drinking water and sanitation
at the international level.
In order to achieve the purpose,
through this site FAN invites all NGOs of
clean water and sanitation to be active
members. The benefit is that FAN will
provide latest information in form of bu-
lletin and newsletter regarding policy of
drinking water and sanitation. Moreover,
FAN can also provide training and advo-
cacy for all members.
FAN membership is open for all NGO
with concern toward clean water and
sanitation. FAN currently has 400 mem-
bers from all over the world, including
several NGO from Indonesia.
RWSN (Rural WaterSanitation Networking)
http://www.rwsn.ch/
RWSN (Rural Water Sanitation Net-
working) is a global site that contains in-
formation regarding clean water provisi-
on practice in the rural area.
The site that was developed since the
year 1992 is initiated by the need of a
media as information sharing and expe-
rience regarding clean water provision in
the rural. That is why the members came
from multidiscipline such as government
institutions, multilateral organization, do-
nor agencies, NGO, and private companies.
Information exchange between stake-
holders is vital in synergizing the effort of
achieving MDGs targets. Since the early
stage, RWSN has set its important agenda
which is clean water and sanitation provi-
sion for poor community through proper
and sustainable technology that is afford-
able and able to answer the need of low
income community.
Until date, there are 500 members of
individual and institutions, among others
are WSP, UNICEF, WaterAid, Water and
Forestry Department of South Africa, IRC
(Dutch), etc. RWSN currently has several
tools as media of knowledge and informa-
tion exchanges, which are newsletter,
interactive site, e-conference, meeting,
training, and direct field visit. Up to the
year 1992-2005 clean water provision for
poor community has been done in coun-
tries such as India, Pakistan, South
Africa, and several other countries.
Healthy Familyhttp://keluargasehat.com
Keluarga Sehat site is a site that pro-
vides latest information regarding health
and nutrient. Various brief articles
regarding various health and disease
issues can enhance our knowledge.
There is "Water and Us" column that
provides information regarding clean
water for our needs. Furthermore, infor-
mation regarding environment is also
completed the site.
DIMSUMhttp://dimsum.its.ac.id
Dimsum is a research institution in
the sector of clean water and sanitation in
the river area. Work area of this institu-
tion is developing countries such as
Nepal, Malaysia, India, and Indonesia. In
Indonesia, Dimsum is working together
with Institut Teknologi Sepuluh No-
pember (Sepuluh Nopember Institute of
Technology -ITS) with work area of river
area.
Dimsum Indonesia has its own site
that also connects with the site of Dim-
sum International and other site relating
with clean water and sanitation. Various
information regarding WSES program
can be accessed in this site. WL/BW
G U I D A N C EBIKIN PUPUK YUK...Publisher: Self Development Club SMA Semen Gresik,June 2007
DRAFT OF STRATEGIC PLAN OF WSES-CB KABUPATEN CILACAP 2008-2012Publisher: Government of Kabupaten Cilacap, 2007
R E G U L A T I O NREGULATION OF PUBLIC WORK MINISTER NO 21/PRT/M/2006 ON
NATIONAL STRATEGY AND POLICYOF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
LAW OF REPUBLICOF INDONESIA NO 26 YEAR2007 ON SPATIAL PLAN
REGULATION OF BUPATISOLOK NO 48 YEAR 2006 ONSTRATEGIC PLAN OFDEVELOPMENT ANDMANAGEMENT OF WSES-CBYEAR 2005-2015
B O O KPLUMBER ROMANCEPublisher: Drinking WaterMagazine Perpamsi,Jakarta, 2005
WATER AND ENVIRONMEN-TAL RESOURCES: POTENTIAL,DEGRADATION, AND FUTURE Publisher: LIPI Press,Jakarta, 2007
RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT FROM ACADEMIC DISCOURSETO FIELD PRACTICE Publisher: LIPI Press, Jakarta, 2007
CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION ACTIVITIES FOR LOWINCOME COMMUNITYPublisher: Directorate General of Environmental Health andDisease Control, Health Department, 2005
WORKING TIPS OF SANITATION IN THE SLUMP AREA: SUMMA-RY OF SANITATION STUDY RESULT OF LOW INCOME COMMU-NITY IN THE URBAN AREAPublisher: Bappenas - Depdagri - Depkes - Dep.PU - Dep.Perindustrian - KLH - WSP-EAP, Jakarta, November 2007
INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTPublisher: Yayasan Kemitraan Air Indonesia(KAI), Jakarta, Oktober 2007
EXPERIENCE OF CLEAN WATERFACILITY DEVELOPMENT:STUDY CASE PROAIR INPRABAIKUL AND TARAMANUVILLAGE, WEST SUMBAPublisher: NTT, Mitra Samya- ProAir GTZ Sumba BaratNTT, June 2007
M A G A Z I N EPERCIKEdition 20, October 2007(English Version)
PERCIKEdition 22, March 2008
Newsletter WSLIC-2Edition 11, 2007
Newsletter WSLIC-2 Edition 12, 2007
Newsletter AMPLEdition March, 2008
Newsletter AMPLEdition April, 2008
Tekno LimbahEdition 7, 2008
GreenersEdition 02, February 2008
ESP NewsEdition 25, February 2008
KiprahEdition 26, March 2008
Air MinumEdition 151, April 2008
C DWATER PLANT COMMUNITY:WATER FOR PEOPLEPublisher: LPPM UGM - Public Work Department, Yogyakarta,2008
INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CONSULTATIONS AND STRATEGICCOMMUNICATIONS IN THE WATER AND SANITATION SECTORPublisher: Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) - PPIAF, 2008
WSES Publ icat ions
52 PercikAugust 2008
NO. T I M E A C T I V I T I E S1 3 April 2008 Coordination Meeting of Steering Committe and Operational Chief, held in Jakarta by Watsan Network.
2 7 April 2008 Workshop "Protecting Health from Impact of Climate Changes", held in Jakarta by Health Department
3 7 April 2008 Socialization of WSES-CB Policies and WES Program Kabupaten Belu, held in Atambua by Government of Kabupaten Belu and UNICEF
4 8 April 2008 Wrap-up Meeting Project WSLIC-2, held in Jakarta by Health Department
5 10-11 April 2008 Workshop "Future of Clean Water Sector Development and Resistance Anticipation on the Impact of Global Climate Changes" held in Jakarta
by PERPAMSI
6 11 April 2008 Seminar of Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculties of ITB & Stakeholders "Toward Increasing Quality of Human Resources", held in
Bandung by cooperation of ITB with the Public Work Department.
7 12 April 2008 Launching of Hand Washing with the Soap and Sanimas in celebration of World Water Day 2008, held in Kota Tangerang, Banten by Public
Work Department
8 14-19 April 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of Kabupaten Barru
9 17 April 2008 Workshop of National Asset Management Program Assessment (NAMPA), held in Jakarta by WASPOLA and WSES Working Group
10 18-20 April 2008 Jakarta Go Green Festival, held in East Parking area of Senayan by Green Initiative Forum (GIF)
11 21-26 April 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of Luwu Utara district, held in South Sulawesi by Government of
Luwu Utara district and UNICEF
12 21-23 April 2008 Field Visit of Delegation of Timor Leste Democratic Republic to Muara Enim and Sepatan
13 24 April 2008 WSES Meeting and Discussion with Delegation of Timor Leste Democratic Republic, held in Jakarta by Bappenas
14 24 April 2008 Seminar of Sustainable Cities Challenges for Indonesian and Sweden, held in Jakarta by Swedish Embassy and Environment Ministry
15 27-30 April 2008 Review Workshop of Learning of Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) Program, held in Surabaya by cooperation of Government
of Indonesia and WSP-EAP of the World Bank and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
16 5-9 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of West Papua Province, held in Sorong by WSES Working Group of West Papua
Province and UNICEF
17 6-9 May 2008 Meeting of National Development Planning (Musrenbangnas) held in Jakarta by Bappenas
18 9 May 2008 Discussion of Solid Waste Management Law: Prioritization of Government Regulation, held in Jakarta by Solid Waste Management Task Force
19 13 May 2008 Workshop Kick Off ISSDP 2, held in Jakarta by Bappenas
20 13-16 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of NTT Province, held by UNICEF
21 15 May 2008 Roadshow WSES Working Group in the Framework of Socialization of WSES-CB National Policy, held in Kota Serang by Government of Kota
Serang
22 15 May 2008 Forkami Discussion Forum "The Need of Underground Water Conservation to Decrease Volume Reduction of Underground Water", held in
Jakarta by Forkami
23 16 May 2008 Main Event of XVI World Water Day year 2008, held in Jakarta by Public Work Department
24 19-23 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of Maluku Province, held in Ambon by UNICEF
25 5-19 May 2008 Training and workshop of WSES-CB Strategic Plan Compilation of West Papua, held in Sorong by UNICEF
26 21 May 2008 Workshop of Achieving Millennium Development Goals, held in Jakarta by Bappenas
27 22-23 May 2008 Coordination Meeting of WSES Program and Launching of Sanitation Year for NTB Province, held in Lombok, Mataram, by WSES Working
Group of NTB Province
28 26-27 May 2008 Workshop of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Launching of Health and Hygiene, held in Puncak, Bogor, by cooperation of Watsan
Network and Health Department
29 27-30 May 2008 Training and Workshop of Clean Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, held in Ambon by UNICEF
30 27 May 2008 Meeting of TIM Kota and Evaluation of HPE/Lestari Project Activity - Mercy Corps, held in Jakarta by Mercy Corps
31 28 May 2008 Discussion Study on Economic Impacts of Sanitation, held in Jakarta by Technical Team of Sanitation Development
32 29 May 2008 Launching of International Sanitation Year Central Java Province, held in Kabupaten Kendal by WSES Working Group of Central Java Province
33 2 June 2008 Mid Term Review (MTR) Program Meeting of WES-UNICEF, held in Jakarta by National WSES Working Group
34 5-8 June 2008 Indonesia Environmental Week, held in Jakarta by Environmental Ministry
35 7 June 2008 Workshop of Solid Waste Management Accordingly with Law No 18 Year 2008, held in Jakarta by Environmental Ministry
36 9-12 June 2008 Socialization of Clean Water Management Manual and Environmental Improvement, held in Banding by Directorate General of Rural
Community Empowerment, Domestic Department
37 12 June 2008 Media Panel Discussion and Campaign of Environmental Improvement, held in Jakarta by Watsan Network
AGENDA
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