Immunology Final Slide #6 - Stress and the Immune System
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7/29/2019 Immunology Final Slide #6 - Stress and the Immune System
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Stress and the Immune
SystemZiad Elnasser, MD, Ph.D
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Evolutionary effect
Switching the immune system on and off.
Pregnancy and the fetus.
Stress and starvation.
Effect of adrenergic hormones.
Effect of steroid hormones on lymphocytes Receptors for sex hormones and steroids.
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Gender and the Immune System
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Gender and the Immune System
Before puberty no sex hormones effect.
Men androgens immunosuppressive.
No fluctuation of the immune system until old
age.
Women endocrine system No fetus
rejection.
Fetus placenta HLA-G NK cells. Placenta TH2 cytokines T cell.
Pregnancy Estrogen T cell activity.
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Estrogen Effect and T cells
Steroid sex hormone secreted by ovaries.
Menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Physiological roles with reproduction:
Uterus preparation.
Breasts preparation.
Inhibits T cell activity in healthy women.
T cells fluctuates during menstrual cycle. T cells during pregnancy fetus rejection.
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Eostrogen effect and B cells
IgA and IgG during pregnancy.
IgG to placenta, IgA to milk. Opposite the effect of T cell inhibition.
Natural passive immunity.
Antibodies are made against paternal HLAantigens with no effect on fetus.
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Autoimmune diseases ratios
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Autoimmune diseases and Gender
Women, men and infection.
Pregnancy and infection.
Women and autoimmune diseases. B cell effect: Androgens , estrogen .
Graves disease, SLE increased in women.
RA, MS, improves in pregnancy andworsen after labor.
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Stress
Immune system integrates with others.
Acute phase response sensory system.
Stress inhibits the immune system.
Inhibitory signal depends on the duration
of the stress.
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Leptin effect
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Acute phase response effect
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Acute phase response
Innate, macrophages, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF.
Pattern recognition molecules (TLR).
Cytokines C, arm the adaptive system.
TNF fat metabolism leptin appetite
weight loss.
Leptin macrophages INF IL-1, IL-6, TNF Temp viruses and
bacterial replication.
corticosteroids immunity.
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Epin
ephrineandac
uteresponset
ostress
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Catecholamines and acute stress
Acute stressful stimuli sympathetic NS
Catecholamines LNs, T cells.
Adrenalin receptors on T cells prevents
integrin production Tissues and blood.
T cell response to stimulation after stress
is reduced.
Sympathetic NS Type I hypersensitivity
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CD4+ level and Corticosteroids level
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Th
eimmunesysteminchronicstress
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Chronic Effect of Stress on the
Immune System
Chronic stress corticosteroids: CD4+ level variation.
Effect on Asthma.
Prolonged exercise, trauma, emotions.
macrophage function T cell function.
Mild immune deficiency .
Weight loss stress and leptin mild immune
deficiency. So pts must have ways to handle stress for a
better immune response.
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