IE Lg and Culture PP 1-2

European  Languages  and  Multicultural  

Education    Mª Elena Gómez Parra, PhD.

Dpt. of English and German Philologies University of Córdoba

Spain

1.  Europe  and    the  Indo-­‐European    

O  1.1. European linguistic roots. O  1.2. Main European linguistic branches and

languages: the construction of cultural identities.

1.1.  European  linguistic  roots  

O  Language change: evolution (thee > you).

O  Comparative linguistics:

O  Related languages: common ancestor. O  Comparative linguistics: definition. O  Reconstructed language: proto-language.

1.1.  European  linguistic  roots  O  Proto-Indo-European families of languages

O  1. The Old World families:

O  A. The Afroasiatic H. Dravidian O  B. The Nilo-Saharan I. Sino-Tibetan O  C. The Niger-Kordofanian J. Austro-Asiatic O  D. The Khoisan K. Austro-Thai O  E. The Finno-Ugric L. Papuan O  F. The Altaic M. Australian O  G. South Caucasian N. Isolated lgs.

1.1.  European  linguistic  roots  

O  Proto-Indo-European families of languages

O  2. The New World families:

O  A. Eskimo-Aleutic O  B. The Na-Dene O  C. The Amerindian

1.1.  European  linguistic  roots  O  Proto-Indo-European families of languages:

1.1.  European  linguistic  roots  

O  Indo-European families of languages: (The Sanskrit: related to European lgs.)

O  1. Indo-Iranian 10. Thracian O  2. Tocharian 11. Macedonian O  3. Armenian 12. Greek O  4. Anatolian 13. Illyrian O  5. Phrygian 14. Messapian O  6. Balto-Slavic 15. Lusitanian O  7. Celtic 16. Albanian O  8. Venetic 17. Italic O  9. Germanic

1.1.  European  linguistic  roots  O  Map of the Indo-European languages

1.2.  Main  European  linguistic  branches  and  languages:  the  

construction  of  cultural  identities    

O  The culture of the Indo-Europeans O  Material vs. non-material culture:

O  A. Material: places of habitation, houses, eating & drinking, trade, transport, weapons …

O  B. Non-material: organization (family, tribe, law) and religion.

O  Some of these will be analyzed: identification of the Indo-European culture.

O  The culture of the Indo-Europeans O  A. Material culture (I):

O  Cities: Indo-European had no cities (*uik- = ‘settlement’).

O  Houses: made of wood (*dom = ‘house’). O  Eating & drinking: words for ‘cook’ (*pekw-),

‘meat’ (*mems-), ‘fish’ (*dgd uH-), ‘salt’ (*selh2l-’), ‘grain’ (*grHno-) …

O  Agriculture: words for ‘sowing’ (*seh1-), ‘field’ (Gr. ‘ároura’).

1.2.  Main  European  linguistic  branches  and  languages:  the  

construction  of  cultural  identities    

O  The culture of the Indo-Europeans O  A. Material culture (II):

O  Cattle Raising (domestic animals): ‘cow’ (*gweh3us, Skt. gaús, Latv. gùovs), ‘bull’ (*teh2uros, Lat. Taurus) – also ‘sheep’ and ‘lamb’.

Gen. word for ‘livestock’ (*pekú, Lat. Pecus > pecunia) = livestock used as currency. Horses, dogs, chickens and rabbits.

O  Clothing: word for ‘clothing oneself’ (*ues-). O  Metals: word for ‘copper’ /’bronze’ (*h2éios). Iron appears

later. Gold seems to be derived from ‘yellow’ + ‘silver’. O  Weapons: word for ‘sword’ (Skt. así-). O  Transport: word for ‘carry, ride’ (*uegh-) O  Trade: word for ‘buying’ (*kwrih2-)

1.2.  Main  European  linguistic  branches  and  languages:  the  

construction  of  cultural  identities    

O  The culture of the Indo-Europeans

O  B. Non-material culture (Organization and religion):

O  Family: words for ‘father’ (*ph2t’er), ‘mother’ (*meh2ter), brother, sister, ‘son’ and ‘daughter’...

O  Tribe/people: word for ‘people’ (*teuta), king (*h3reg-s), free man (*uiHró).

O  Law: Sanskrit word for ‘justice’ (Lat. ‘ius’) is ‘yós’. ‘Stealing’ is *(s)teh2- and ‘thief’ is ‘tajo’.

O  Religion: words for ‘God’ (*Dieus *ph2tér), ‘immortal’ (*nmrtós), ‘holy’ (*dhh1s-o)

1.2.  Main  European  linguistic  branches  and  languages:  the  construction  of  

cultural  identities    

O  The Indo-European languages

O  Language change: O  Proportional analogy is the situation ‘a : b = c : x’ (in which

‘x’ represents the new form that needs to be solved). E.g. sunum : sunus = fotum: x (x = fotus / foot). O  Replacement is found when one form simply replaced

another (e.g. *hétetai replaced by hépetai). O  Addition: when the old form does not disappear. E.g. ‘áy-a-

(ni)’ where ‘-ni’ is an added suffix. O  Creation of new formations: new forms that simply evolve.

1.2.  Main  European  linguistic  branches  and  languages:  the  

construction  of  cultural  identities    

The  Indo-­‐European  language  and  culture  

O  Video watching: summary of the IE language, evolution and culture

Bibliographical  Refs.    •  Beamer, L. & Varner, I. (2008). Intercultural Communication

in the Global Workplace. McGraw-Hill: New York. •  Beekes, R.S.P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European

linguistics: an introduction. John Benjamins: Amsterdam. •  Clackson, J. (2007). Indo-European Linguistics. An

Introduction. CUP: Cambridge. •  Mallory, J.P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans.

Thames & Hudson: London. •  Reynolds, S. & Valentine, D. (2011). Guide to Cross-Cultural

Communication (2nd Ed). Prentice Hall: New Jersey (pp. xvi-xix).

•  Culture. Practical Approaches to IC Communication. Pearson Longman: London.