European Languages and Multicultural Education Mª Elena Gómez Parra, PhD. Dpt. of English and German Philologies University of Córdoba Spain
Dec 14, 2015
European Languages and Multicultural
Education Mª Elena Gómez Parra, PhD.
Dpt. of English and German Philologies University of Córdoba
Spain
1. Europe and the Indo-‐European
O 1.1. European linguistic roots. O 1.2. Main European linguistic branches and
languages: the construction of cultural identities.
1.1. European linguistic roots
O Language change: evolution (thee > you).
O Comparative linguistics:
O Related languages: common ancestor. O Comparative linguistics: definition. O Reconstructed language: proto-language.
1.1. European linguistic roots O Proto-Indo-European families of languages
O 1. The Old World families:
O A. The Afroasiatic H. Dravidian O B. The Nilo-Saharan I. Sino-Tibetan O C. The Niger-Kordofanian J. Austro-Asiatic O D. The Khoisan K. Austro-Thai O E. The Finno-Ugric L. Papuan O F. The Altaic M. Australian O G. South Caucasian N. Isolated lgs.
1.1. European linguistic roots
O Proto-Indo-European families of languages
O 2. The New World families:
O A. Eskimo-Aleutic O B. The Na-Dene O C. The Amerindian
1.1. European linguistic roots
O Indo-European families of languages: (The Sanskrit: related to European lgs.)
O 1. Indo-Iranian 10. Thracian O 2. Tocharian 11. Macedonian O 3. Armenian 12. Greek O 4. Anatolian 13. Illyrian O 5. Phrygian 14. Messapian O 6. Balto-Slavic 15. Lusitanian O 7. Celtic 16. Albanian O 8. Venetic 17. Italic O 9. Germanic
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans O Material vs. non-material culture:
O A. Material: places of habitation, houses, eating & drinking, trade, transport, weapons …
O B. Non-material: organization (family, tribe, law) and religion.
O Some of these will be analyzed: identification of the Indo-European culture.
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans O A. Material culture (I):
O Cities: Indo-European had no cities (*uik- = ‘settlement’).
O Houses: made of wood (*dom = ‘house’). O Eating & drinking: words for ‘cook’ (*pekw-),
‘meat’ (*mems-), ‘fish’ (*dgd uH-), ‘salt’ (*selh2l-’), ‘grain’ (*grHno-) …
O Agriculture: words for ‘sowing’ (*seh1-), ‘field’ (Gr. ‘ároura’).
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans O A. Material culture (II):
O Cattle Raising (domestic animals): ‘cow’ (*gweh3us, Skt. gaús, Latv. gùovs), ‘bull’ (*teh2uros, Lat. Taurus) – also ‘sheep’ and ‘lamb’.
Gen. word for ‘livestock’ (*pekú, Lat. Pecus > pecunia) = livestock used as currency. Horses, dogs, chickens and rabbits.
O Clothing: word for ‘clothing oneself’ (*ues-). O Metals: word for ‘copper’ /’bronze’ (*h2éios). Iron appears
later. Gold seems to be derived from ‘yellow’ + ‘silver’. O Weapons: word for ‘sword’ (Skt. así-). O Transport: word for ‘carry, ride’ (*uegh-) O Trade: word for ‘buying’ (*kwrih2-)
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans
O B. Non-material culture (Organization and religion):
O Family: words for ‘father’ (*ph2t’er), ‘mother’ (*meh2ter), brother, sister, ‘son’ and ‘daughter’...
O Tribe/people: word for ‘people’ (*teuta), king (*h3reg-s), free man (*uiHró).
O Law: Sanskrit word for ‘justice’ (Lat. ‘ius’) is ‘yós’. ‘Stealing’ is *(s)teh2- and ‘thief’ is ‘tajo’.
O Religion: words for ‘God’ (*Dieus *ph2tér), ‘immortal’ (*nmrtós), ‘holy’ (*dhh1s-o)
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the construction of
cultural identities
O The Indo-European languages
O Language change: O Proportional analogy is the situation ‘a : b = c : x’ (in which
‘x’ represents the new form that needs to be solved). E.g. sunum : sunus = fotum: x (x = fotus / foot). O Replacement is found when one form simply replaced
another (e.g. *hétetai replaced by hépetai). O Addition: when the old form does not disappear. E.g. ‘áy-a-
(ni)’ where ‘-ni’ is an added suffix. O Creation of new formations: new forms that simply evolve.
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
The Indo-‐European language and culture
O Video watching: summary of the IE language, evolution and culture
Bibliographical Refs. • Beamer, L. & Varner, I. (2008). Intercultural Communication
in the Global Workplace. McGraw-Hill: New York. • Beekes, R.S.P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European
linguistics: an introduction. John Benjamins: Amsterdam. • Clackson, J. (2007). Indo-European Linguistics. An
Introduction. CUP: Cambridge. • Mallory, J.P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans.
Thames & Hudson: London. • Reynolds, S. & Valentine, D. (2011). Guide to Cross-Cultural
Communication (2nd Ed). Prentice Hall: New Jersey (pp. xvi-xix).
• Culture. Practical Approaches to IC Communication. Pearson Longman: London.