Hydrogen Station Design from CaFCP

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles:Beginning the Commercial Launch

Bill Elrick

Technical Program Director

Why hydrogen?

• Excellent energy carrier• Nonpolluting• Reduced GHGs• Economically competitive• As safe as gasoline • Every region can make its own fuel

Where do we get H2?

Traditional sources

Natural gas, methane, gasoline, nuclear, coal

Renewable sources

Solar, wind, geothermal,

hydro, biomass, algae

The cars are coming

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Other fuel cell applications

• Transit» Already meet or exceed US DOE

performance and reliability goals» Next focus on cost reduction and full

replacement of conventional fleet

• Medium- and heavy-duty» US DOE development of new FC platforms» Seeking volunteer fleets for demonstrations

• Material handling and lift trucks» Capabilities and cost effectiveness has led to private

company transition without co-funding (Sysco, FedEx, Whole Foods, BMW, etc)

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California hydrogen infrastructure goals

• 68 stations –minimum to start the market (CaFCP Roadmap)» Clusters – 45 stations

• Santa Monica and West LA• Torrance and Nearby Coastal Cities• Coastal / Southern Orange County• South San Francisco Bay Area • Berkeley

» Connectors » Destinations

• 100 stations –facilitate market growth (AB8)» Expansion of cluster, connector & destination station

communities » Develop new communities

} 23 stations

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Hydrogen stations are:

• Public stations» Dispensers & storage equip added to existing gas

stations» Purpose-built stations (only for H2)

• Private stations for fueling company vehicles» Transit buses» Forklifts

On-site production Tanker delivery

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Retail hydrogen stations

Harbor City• Retail fueling location• Gaseous H2 delivery• ~1200-1500 sq ft

footprint

Newport Beach• Retail fueling location• Onsite production (SMR)• Two dispensers on an

island under the canopy

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Co-located hydrogen stations

Emeryville – transit & public fueling• Buses fueled inside fenced yard

» Hydrogen delivered as liquid• Cars access fuel from street

» Hydrogen produced using solar power

Renewable hydrogen stations

Fountain Valley • H2 from wastewater• 100kg/day of H2 for

vehicles• Produces 11% of the

facility’s electricity and provides heat for wastewater treatment

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Hydrogen station equipment

Gaseous

Liquid Pipeline

SMRElectrolysis

• Compressor• Buffer storage

• Booster compression

(opt)• Chiller

• Dispenser

• Gaseous compressed

storage

• Liquid storage

• Vaporizer

• H2 supply • Scrubber

• NG supply• SMR unit• PSA

• Electrical supply

• H20 purifier• Electrolyzer

• Smaller footprint

• Flexible placement• Least

storage capacity

• Greater storage capacity

• Larger footprint• Fuel boil off

potential

• Larger capacity

• Larger footprint

• More equip.

• On site production

• Larger capacity• More expensive

• On site production• Carbon credits• Larger footprint• More expensive

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Station zoning, codes, & permitting• Primary permitting guidelines established:

» California Fire Code» NFPA 55 – Gaseous & Liquid Hydrogen Storage» NFPA 52 – Vehicle Fuel Dispensing

• NFPA 2 – Hydrogen Technologies Code» H2 safety» Installation & operation of H2 fueling stations» Associated hydrogen storage and repair facilities

• Typically, adding H2 fueling to existing station is “by right” process w/no zoning changes

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Workshops, training and resources• California Fuel Cell Partnership

» Fire and Safety Resources, Permitting Workshops

• US Dept of Energy and NREL» Intro to H2 for Code Officials, H2 Station Development &

Setbacks, Codes & Standards for CA H2 Dispensing, National C&S Template

• State of California » ZEV Action Plan,

ZEV Community Guidebook

• Clean Cities Fuel Retailers Toolkit

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Projected hydrogen station costs• Argonne Ntl Lab

• 25 unit serial production, 200 kg/day capacity

• Based upon station builder feedback and predictions

• Release in 2014

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Station funding

• California» Stations co-funded by CEC - up to 70% of capital

costs and 3 years O&M in recent solicitation» AB8 secures $20M/yr for up to 100 stations» SCAQMD funds for upgrading existing stations» Clean Vehicle Rebate Program

• Federal» 10% federal credit for alternative fueling

properties» EV tax credit» Clean vehicle fleet rebates

• Many, many more…

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In summary

• Vehicles ready to launch

• Basic safety codes and standards established

• Many applications to consider» Passenger cars, M/HD, transit, forklift, stationary, etc

• Retail focused infrastructure» Consider leveraging these public access locations first

• Resources and materials exist» CaFCP

» California (Gov’s office, ARB, CEC) and other states

» DOE, National Labs and H2USA

» ACT EXPO

FCEVs – the next step in the evolution of electric drive!