HUMAN REPRODUCTION BIOLOGY 269. Recall: Female Reproductive System 1)Produce estrogen and progesterone for sexual characteristics 2)Produce and release.

HUMAN REPRODUCTIONBIOLOGY 269

Recall:

Female Reproductive System1) Produce estrogen and

progesterone for sexual characteristics

2) Produce and release one large oocyte at regular intervals

3) Sexual intercourse, receive semen

4) Produce hormones to prepare endometrium for pregnancy each cycle; shed functional layer by menstruation

5) Protect/nourish embryo/fetus; expel it during childbirth

6) Produce milk to nourish newborn

Male Reproductive System:

1) .

2) .

3) .

4) .

Testis:

Approximately 4cm x 2 cm x 2 cm

Outside body cavity in scrotum

Divided into + 20 compartments;

Each compartment

Hundreds of millions of sperm produced per day

Spermatogenesis is initiated and stimulated by

secreted by the

FSH is the same hormone that stimulates oogenesis in the ovary.

However, secretion of FSH in women rises and falls each cycle, resulting in the production of just one oocyte;

Secretion of FSH in men remains relatively steady so spermatogenesis is continuously stimulated and sperm are continuously produced.

The pituitary gland also secretes

in male.

LH stimulates formation of the corpus luteum and production of progesterone in the ovary.

In the testicle, LH stimulates

, which are located

Unlike oogenesis, in which the developing oocyte is surrounded and protected by a follicle, sperm are not produced within follicles

However: developing sperm are protected and supported by a special cell called a

Sperm leaving the testis next enter a long (>6 meters) coiled tube called the

Also located in scrotum, behind the testis

From the epididymis, sperm are transported through the which passes upward into the abdominal cavity..

As it passes from the scrotum to the abdominal cavity, the vas deferens is accompanied by the artery, veins, and nerves supplying the testis.

All of these are surrounded by a thick covering of connective tissue,

The spermatic cord passes through a tunnel called the inguinal canal

Within the abdomen, the vas deferens on each side curves backward, then downward and forward, along the side of the bladder.

The end of the vas deferens, called its , is enlarged. .

Male Accessory Glands:

Paired, posterior to bladder. Ducts join vas deferens to form .

Produce

Contains nutrients for sperm.

Contains chemicals to

Male Accessory Glands:

: Inferior to bladder, ejaculatory ducts embedded within it.

Surrounds proximal part of urethra as it leaves the bladder

Produces.

Contains chemicals to:

- ;

- ;

- .

During ejaculation: a) Sperm from the b) Fluid from the c) Fluid from theAll enter the urethra as it passes through the prostate

The urethra then passes through the penis to its tip.

Penis:

: Embedded in perineum; + 50% of total length

: Outside, covered with skin

: Tip, not covered with skin

Penis:

Three erectile bodies:

- Two

- One

Fill with blood during erection, causing shaft to line up with root of penis

When blood leaves erectile bodies, shaft of penis droops down into normal position

Semen:

Mixture of sperm, seminal vesicle fluid, prostate fluid

Normal ejaculate:

Semen clots immediately after ejaculation to hold it in vagina, then liquifies gradually over 5 to 10 minutes to release sperm

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