History of Computers
Post on 31-Dec-2015
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 2
Computer History Manual Calculators Mechanical Calculators Computer Prototypes Generations of Computers Personal Computers
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 3
Manual Calculators Device that assists in the process of numeric
calculations, but requires the human operator to keep track of the algorithm
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 4
Manual Calculators
Napier’s Bones (left) evolved into the slide rule (right).
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 5
Mechanical Calculators Implements algorithms autonomously
– Schickard’s Calculator– Pascaline– Leibniz Calculator– deColmar’s Arithmometer– Difference Engine– Analytical Engine– Hollerith Tabulating Machine
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 7
Computer Prototypes An experimental device that typically must be
further developed and perfected– Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)– Z3
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 8
Computer Prototypes– IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
(Harvard Mark I)– COLOSSUS– ENIAC
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 9
Generations of Computers UNIVAC is considered the first commercially
successful digital computer First-generation computers
– Vacuum tubes Second-generation
computers– Transistors
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 10
Generations of Computers Third-generation computers
– Integrated circuits• RCA Spectra 70• IBM 360• DEC PDP-8• IBM AS/400
Fourth-generation computers– Microprocessor
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The Computer Industry: History, Careers, and Ethics 11
Personal Computers Mark-8 MITS Altair Apple I / Apple II VisiCalc
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