HISTORY - INDIA
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HISTORY - INDIA
LESSON #4
Indus River Valley Civilizations
• Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.)• dark skinned people (Dravidians)• no written records: artifacts for studying• polytheistic: worshipped animals
• CLOSE TO RIVER– Food– transportation
• Aryans: fair skin • racist: no mixing w/ Dravidians• create caste system• stories (Vedas) - passed down by oral tradition• stories later written in Sanskrit
Invasions and Integration (mixing)
DravidianAryan
Quick Quiz
1. Why would a civilization appear near to a river?
2. How are Aryans different from Dravidians?
3. What is a Veda?
Muslim & Mongols (Mughals)
• Muslim Empire (750 – 1500)• lower castes embraced Islam• Gave rise to Sikhs: Muslims with adaptations of
Hinduism
• Mughal Empire (1200s)• Most famous: Shah Jihan
Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal(she had died after 14th child)
click
Quick Quiz
1. Describe what the Taj looks like.
2. What IS the Taj Mahal?
3. How many people are IN the Taj today?
European Invasion1. Age of European Imperialism (1500s – 1947)
• 1498 – Portugal • 1707 – Dutch East India company
French Mississippi Company British East India Company took Western Cities of India – hired SEPOYS to help in fight (Indian soldiers)
• 1857 – Sepoys rebelled – led to general rebellion 2. Britain annexed India
Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIANext 100 yrs – British ruled Indiaforced Indian farmers to grow cash crops
European Dominance of India
OPIUM
TEA
SPICES
European Interest & Trade with India
Indian Assimilation
Schools, hospitals, roads, railroadsCash CropsEnglish Language
Rebellion by Indians
Sepoy Rebellion, 1857
• Sepoys were Indians hired to be soldiers• British merchants hired them for protection• British government started using them as
military• Sepoys rebelled
• The guns were loaded with cartridges• Cartridges were coated with animal fat• Indians didn’t want to bite into animals
Empress Victoria
English Annexation of India (Start of the “British Raj”)
Queen Victoria
1858-1947
• Britain saw the danger of trusting Sepoys as their main military in India
• British government annexed India• Goal: greater control• This ended Indian independence• Indians would now be treated as
slaves
Quick Quiz
1. What nation came to annex India?
2. What was a Sepoy?
3. Who is Victoria (to India)?
Indian IndependenceIndian Independence (1910-1947)
1920s – Mohandas Gandhi organized mass mobilizationComplete non-cooperation with British
1940s – Muslims demanded their own nation – Civil War 1947 (15 August) – two nations formed
10,000,000 uprooted by partition1 mil. Deaths in civil warExpulsions, riot, killings, refugees, racism
Kashmir still not settled
Indian Nationalism
Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma)Civil DisobedienceShame British into leavingDressed like a commoner
Salt March
Disaster in the Indian Nationalism
• AMRITSAR MASSACRE: British troops open-fired on peaceful Indian protesters
• In 10 min., 379 were killed& 1,100 werewounded
Indian Independence
Quick Quiz
1. What did Gandhi do for Indians in India?
2. What type of “attack” did he encourage?
3. What two “sides” fought in the Civil War?
Modern India
Jawaharlal Nehru 1947-1964
Indira GandhiDaughter of Nehru1955-1977. 1980-1984 assassinated
Rajiv Gandhi Son of Indira1984-1989
Dr. Manmohan Singh 2004-present
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