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Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968
HGPI IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL JJOOUURRNNAALL OOFF
MULTIIIDIIISCCCIPPPLIIINAAARRRY RREESSEEAARRCCHH AANNDD DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT
Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
editorhgpiinj@gmail.com | hgpiinj@gmail.com
HGPI
Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968
International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research & Development
Chief Patron
SH. RAJNISH BANSAL Hon'ble Chairman,
Maa Saraswati Education Trust, Kala Amb
Patron
SH. VIKAS BANSAL Vice Chairman,
Maa Saraswati Education Trust, Kala Amb
Publisher
Prof. (Dr.) SUDESH KUMAR GARG Dean Academics,
Himalayan Group of Professional Institutions, Kala Amb
Editor
Dr. Mukesh Kumar Head & Associate Professor,
Himalayan Institute of Management Kala Amb
Editorial Office Management Department, 3rd Floor,
MAA SARASWATI EDUCATIONAL TRUST Kala Amb, District Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh
Email: hgpiinj@gmail.com , www.himalayaninstiutions.com
Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
HGPI
Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968
International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research & Development
Editor
Mr. Mukesh Kumar Head & AP,
Himalayan Institute of Management Kala Amb
Prof. (Dr.) S. P. Bansal, Vice Chancellor, HPTU, Hamirpur
Prof. Kulbhushan Chandel, Dean of Academics, HPTU Himachal Pradesh
Review Board
ADVISORY BOARD
Prof. (Dr.) Madan Mohan Goel Vice Chancellor,
Former Director, RGNIYD, Govt. of India Former Pro Vice-Chancellor,
VKSU (State University) Ara, Bihar, Former Dean of Colleges,
Kurukshetra University
Prof. (Dr.) S.C. Aggarwal
Dr. Mahesh Chand Garg Professor, Haryana School of Business Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar - 125 005 (Haryana)
Dr. Sunil Dutt Professor & Head, Department of Education & Educational Management & Central Public Information Officer, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research (NITTTR), Chandigarh
Dr. Harish Handa, Associate Professor, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, Delhi University
Former Director, Shri Atma Ram Jain Institute of Management & Technology, Ambala City
Dr. Poonam Bassi Assistant Professor, School of Management Studies, Baddi
University of Emerging Science & Technology
Dr. Ashok Kumar Editor in Chief, IJIDT
MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
Dr. Vijaya Kumar Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit,
Kerala – 683574
Mrs. Sapna Goel Associate Editor,
IJIDT
MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
HGPI
Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968
International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research & Development
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Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
HGPI
Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968
International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research & Development
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Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968
A peer-Reviewed Journal for multidisciplinary Research among Professionals
Vol 1 Issue 1
CONTENTS December 2018
Sr. No. Articles Page No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES OF APPLE PRACTICED IN 1
HIMACHAL PRADESH - Dr. Kiran Chanda
DEMONETIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN ECONOMY 7
- Mukesh Kumar
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT : A FUTURISTIC APPROACH 13
- Deepika Kohli Yadav
A SURVEY PAPER ON BIG DATA ANALYTICS AND HADOOP 17
- Er. Ritu Aggarwal | Er. Pravesh Rani
CHALLENGES FOR HORTICULTURE INDUSTRY IN HIMACHAL 24
PRADESH - Dr. Kiran Chand | Prof. Kulbhushan Chandel
WORKFORCE DIVERSITY IN ORGANIZATIONS 29
- Rahul Dev Bakshi
CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PLAYERS IN THE 33
FIELD OF LIFE INSURANCE - Kavita Sharma | Mukesh Kumar
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION CAREER PREFERENCE 37 AND VERBAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS - Shahina Ansari
ENTREPRENEURSHIP : ROLE OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL 40
MEDIA - Shallu Dhiman
E-WAY BILL - Bhawana Arora 43
Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
Title Code: HPENG01196
Promotional Strategies of Apple Producers Practiced in
Himachal Pradesh Dr. Kiran Chanda
Assistant Professor Himalayan Institute of Management, Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author Kiran Chanda kiranchanda218@gmail.com
TIME LAG
Introduction:
Himachal grows diverse varieties of
fruits from tropical to temperate which
help in the economic up-liftment of the
r u r a l e c o n o m y b y g e n e r a t i n g
employment and revenue to the rural
population. Himachal Pradesh is
bestowed endowed with plenty of
natural resources with diverse agro-
climat ic condit ions suitable for
horticulture development. Shimla
district has occupied a place of pride in
the eld of horticulture followed by
Kullu and Kinnaur district. It is the
biggest producer of quality fruits like
Apple, Plum, Peach, and Pear etc. but,
the apple constitutes one of the most
signi cant and widely grown fruits of
the state. Approximately 90 percent of
the total apple produce is exported to
the distant markets of the country. More
importance is given on cultivation of
horticulture crop in Himachal Pradesh.
Where cultivation is mainly done on
narrow terraces and the scope for
ef cient use of land in these hilly
areas is limited. The extraordinary
progress in this eld is because of the
congenial agro-climatic condition of
the state. The market structure of these
fruits is going through a lot of changes
to building market ing l inkages in
terms of obtaining a pro table
market. However, it also considered
that the high transportation cost,
lack of storage facilities, loss of
productive soil through urban
encroachment, low productivity,
high labour cost, climate changes,
diseases in apple trees and exploitation
by middlemen.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 1
Received on : 03.08.2018
Revised on : 20.09.2018
Accepted on : 24.10.2018
Abstract
Horticulture is the mainstay in Himachal Pradesh for the development of the
majority of the population in the state. Due to its comparative advantage, it is
proved, the most remunerative and pro table to the number of Himachal farmers
as it improves their economic condition. But the production and marketing of
horticulture are undergoing continuous changes globally. Himachal can hold up the
competition only by increasing productivity along with due promotional activities
so that the apple produced in Himachal Pradesh can be competitive in the market.
Concerted efforts are needed to improve the present status of promotional activities
adopted by growers in the state. The present study focuses on the promotional
strategies increase in production and marketing of apple in Himachal Pradesh.
Key Words: Horticulture, Apple, Himachal Pradesh, Promotion.
To Cite: Chanda,K. (2018). Promotional Strategies of Apple Practiced in Himachal Pradesh. HGPI International
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 1-6.
Title Code: HPENG01196
Review Literature :
Mehta Piyush, Thakur Rajesh Kumar & Chauhan
Sachin (2013) revealed in “Production and marketing of
apple fruit crop-A study premise to Shimla district of
Himachal Pradesh” that the climate of dry temperate
region of Himachal Pradesh is suitable for growing fruits
like apple, pear, plum, apricot and peach. Royal delicious
variety of apple was considered as favourable variety of
apple due to its high production and marketing
value.Nandeshwar, N.S., Jagannath, P. T. and
Shashikumar, M. (2013) in their study on “Economics of
production and marketing of vegetables in Akola district”
revealed that vegetable cultivation is labour intensive and
requires high capital investment and is high pro t
giving enterprise in net shade condition but the growers'
faces many problem during production and marketing
like high cost of inputs, losses due to climatic changes,
uncertainty of prices, disease and pest attacks. They
suggested that to improve grading and
standardization of produce remunerative prices
should be paid to the farmers. The market should be
well organised and regulated. The government should
come forward and set up well equipped storage for
vegetables, and also technical guidance should be
provided by the agriculture department.Malik, A.
Z. (2014) in his paper on “Horticulture Growth
Trajectory Evidence in Jammu and Kashmir (A lesson
for Apple Industry in India)” reported that horticulture is
an important economic sector and a big number of
population thrives on it and their economic standard get
affected by any change in the corresponding sector.
There is a need of adopting appropriate
technologies, research extensions forproduction of apple
crops like other states to develop the apple industry in
Kashmir valley.He concluded thatthe government should
provide support for introducing Adani Agri-fresh like
private agencies in J&K for development of the apple
industry. Moreover, the development of sustainable
production, value addition and quality control system for
fruits of J&K should also be emphasised. Further, he
suggested that there should be a system to harness skill by
using the modern technology based on this and to enhance
the horticulture sector to ensure development in the state.
Objectives of the study:
To study the promotional strategies adopted by apple
growers.
Rationale of the study:
The hills of Himachal provide natural zones for the
production of apples. Horticulture provides new
opportunities and has a vast scope in the state. Fruit
production is seasonal and the produce is perishable in
nature. As apple is the main cash crop of the state growing
in Shimla, Kullu and Kinnaur districts etc. Shimla ranks
rst in horticulture production. It has occupied the
signi cant place in the horticulture sector in Himachal
Pradesh followed by Kullu, and Kinnaur districts.Due to
the commercialization of agriculture and horticulture in
the districts people have become aware of the basic need
of education. Because of less education, they are not
aware of modern marketing techniques used in
promotional activities. Horticulture produce in Himachal
has good marketing demand in the country. The overall
picture at the state level would conceal a wide variety of
experience. Horticulture has a tremendous scope in the
state. It helps to increase the economic growth of the state.
The present study aims at analyzing the existing state of
horticulture produce and also to identify the promotional
strategies practiced by apple growers in Himachal
Pradesh. As horticulture industry is slowly moving from
traditional agriculture enterprise to corporate sector. It
could be only possible if the problems exiting in apple
production and marketing are identi ed and eliminated.
Moreover, the further growth of horticulture industries
and its sustainability will largely depend on the marketing
strategies; strong sport of basic and strategic marketing
research only enable rapid growth of horticulture
produce.
Scope of the study:
The present study is restricted to the three districts of
Himachal Pradesh i.e. Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur. The
district under study is selected by taking into
consideration the largest producers of horticulture
produce from 2012 to 2015. The data is collected through
a structured questionnaire. The major thrust is given to
thepromotional strategies adopted by apple growers in
Himachal Pradesh.
Research Methodology:
Keeping in view of the set objectives, the research design
for the study is of primary and secondary nature. An
emphasis is placed on gathering rst hand information
with the help of a structured questionnaire.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 2
Title Code: HPENG01196
And secondary data from different news articles, Books
and Web site were used which were enumerated and
recorded.The collected data has been presented
statistically with the help of three point scale and zero
order correlation.
Interpretation:
ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN MARKETING STRATEGIES: AN ANALYSIS
Promotion is the communication link between sellers and
buyers for the purpose of in uencing, informing or
persuading a potential buyer's decision. It is one of the
four elements of the marketing mix. It is a vital element of
marketing because it brings to the knowledge of
customers the product and price. In case of apple
marketing, responsibility of promotion lies on the
growers with a view to ensure a guaranteed quality in an
appropriate pack and place at an affordable price, coupled
with relevant publicity or advertising. Table 1 evaluated
the role of advertising in marketing strategy. When,
building the image of producers is evaluated, the mean
score of the said factor is higher than the standard mean
score, (3.1040) which explains that the opinions of
respondents are more towards higher side. The negative
value of skewness and kurtosis is platykurtic which
con rms the above results. Further, the signi cant chi
square value at 5 percent level of signi cance proves
that distribution is not equally distributed and holds the
fact that promotion builds the image of producers which
is bene cial for the orchardists. Similarly, the role of
other
factors, to increase the pro ts re ect mean score
2.7720 which is higher than the standard mean
score.This shows that the opinion of the respondent is
more towards the higher side. Moreover, the negative
value of skewness and kurtosis is platykurtic. Whereas,
the chi- square value is signi cant at ve percent of
signi cance. It proves that distribution is not equally
distributed. The negative value of skewness further
supports the fact that the opinion of respondents is
more towards the higher side. Furthermore, the
other factors are to compete withother growers, to
enhance the buyers satisfaction. The mean score of said
bene ts arrived at 5 point Likert scale is (3.0440 and
3.1060 respectively) which is greater than the standard
mean score, which explains that the opinions of
respondents are bent towards higher side. The negative
value of skewness and kurtosis is platykurtic which
con rms the above results. Further, the signi cant chi-
square value at 5 percent level of signi cance proves
that distribution is not equally distributed and holds the
fact that the above factors play an important role in
designing marketing strategy. Thus, it can be
concluded that advertising /publicity play a vital role in
apple marketing. In case of apple advertising, personal
selling is done. Personal selling is the only medium
through which growers sell their produce in the market.
But the role of personal selling is very important in the
apple market. Personal selling is the process whereby
the seller or his representative ascertains and activates
the needs or wants of the buyer and satis es the same
to the mutual advantage of both the buyer and seller.
Table 1 Role of Advertising in Formulating Marketing Strategies: An Analysis
Note: Figure in parenthesis depicts percentage.
Source: Data collected through questionnaire.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 3
Title Code: HPENG01196
Subsequently, an attempt has been made to ascertainthe
relationship promotional strategy and bene ts/
objectives the various objectives while formulating
promotional strategies by applying zero order
correlation.The promotional objective can be
classi ed according to the aim: toinform, persuade,
remind or reinforce. Table 2 exhibits the different
objectives of the promotional strategy. The different
objectives evaluated are to build an image of producers,
to increase the pro ts, to compete with other growers
and to enhance the buyer's
satisfaction.It reveals that all the factors evaluated present
a signi cant relationship at 1 percent level of
signi cance. It con rms that the most important
objective of promotion is to compete with other
growers and to increase the pro ts.Theprimary objective
of orchardists is to persuade buyers to comparative
evaluation of produce, which explicitly two or more
produce. Therefore, the vital objective of such an effort
is to create a difference in the mind of buyers regarding
the produce.
Table 2 Role of Advertising in Marketing Strategies: Zero Order Correlation Matrix
** Correlation is signi cant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Source: Data collected through questionnaire.
Bene ts of Promotional Strategy: An analysis
After examining the role of publicity in apple marketing,
it has been ascertained that while practicing promotional
strategy whether the orchardists availed any bene ts to
enhance its future performance, the responses of
orchardists were analysed by considering the below listed
parameters as presented in table 3. The results revealed
that the mean score of all the variables under study
namely building buyers loyalty,promote brand loyalty,
stimulate buying behavior and counter competition is less
than standard mean score which convey that responses
bent more towards the lower side. Moreover the positive
values of skewness also determine that the opinions of the
respondents are skewed more towards higher side. This
means that the orchardists do not assess the reliability of
practicing promotional strategies for pro t
maximization. The signi cant value of chi-square
denotes that distribution is not normally distributed.
Whereas, the values of kurtosis are platykurtic
regarding above mentioned parameters.Thus, the above
analysis re ects that the orchardists do not take up
promotional strategy at a large scale. It has been observed
that in apple marketing, the orchardists adopt only
personal selling. The commercialisation of apple is
not yet started and scarcities of funds also proved an
obstacle to orchardists in enhancing promotional
strategy and expand marketing activities.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 4
Title Code: HPENG01196
Table 3 Bene t Derived by Promotional Strategy: An Analysis
Note: Figure in parenthesis depicts percentage.
Source: Data collected through questionnaire.
Conclusion and Suggestions:
Promotional strategies help a marketer to gain a
competitive edge. Promotional activities always attempt
to affect knowledge, attitude, preferences and behaviour
of buyer it is all about the products have wanted satisfying
capabilities. The researcher found that the role of
advertising /publicity in promotional strategy,play a vital
role in apple marketing. In case of apple advertising,
growers adopt personal selling. Personal selling is the
only medium through which growers sell their produce in
the marketing. But the role of personal selling is very
important in the apple market. Personal selling is the
process whereby the seller or his representative ascertains
and activates the needs or wants of the buyer and
satis es the same to the common advantage of both the
buyer and seller. The analysis also reveals that
advertising is done to build an image of producers, to
increase pro t and to compete with other growers and at
last to enhance buyers' satisfaction. The
commercialisation of apple is not yet started and
scarcities of funds also proved an obstacle to
orchardists in enhancing promotional strategy and
expand marketing activities. Further, it is suggested that
the commercialisation of apple in necessary and due
promotional strategies should be adopted in the apple
production and marketing so that the competitiveness of
Himachal apple can be increased.
Future Scope
Promotional strategies are very crucial for apple
market ing study can be undertaken regarding
promotional activities practiced by apple growers and
what kind of promotional activities should be introduced
to make apple production more revenue generating.
References:
Swarup R. and Sikka B.K. (1987) “Production and
Marketing of Apples”- An Economic study in
Himachal Pradesh –Mittal Publication New Delhi.
Azad K.C, Swarup R and Sikka B.K (1988)
“Horticultural Development in Hill Areas- A Study
of Himachal Pradesh” – Mittal Pub. New Delhi.
Kaushik K.K and Karol Sanju (2006) “Apples, Risk
and Sustainability: Explorations in Supply” –
Response in Himachal Pradesh – Dept. Of
Economics (ICDEOL) H.P.U.
Vaidy C.S (2006) “Diversi cation of Rural
Livelihood Strategies” A Study of Economics,
Gender and Natural
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 5
Title Code: HPENG01196
Resources Dimensions of Hort iculture in
and stress management, vol 4 (4) page no 610-613.
Himachal- Agro Economic Research Centre H.P.U Lokesh, Singh Hira ( 2014 ) revealed in
Kumar Suresh (2006) “Impact of WTO on “Horticulture Development in Himachal Pradesh:
Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh- Dept. Of An Empirical Analysis” European Academic
Economics H.P.U. Research, vol, 2, issue 5.
Singh and Singh (1997) “Horticulture in India: 1 Mehta, P. , Thakur, R. K., Chauhan, S.
Production Marketing and processing” Indians Journal (2013).Production and Marketing of Apple fruit
of Marketing Vol XXX No. 2. crop-A study premise to Shimla District of
Nadda, Prashar & Sharma (1998) “Dynamics of Himachal Pradesh, Indian International Journal of
Marketing system- A study of Himachal Apple” Bio- Resource and Stress Management.,04(04):
Indian Journal of Agriculture Economics, vol 53, 610-613
No3, pp 410. Nandeshwar, N.S., Jagannath, P. T., Shashikumar,
Rawat Vikram Singh (2009) revealed in “Needed, a M. (2013).Economics of Production and Marketing
support structure for apple”Himavani- A voice of of vegetables in Akola District Global Journal of
Himachal citizen initiative. Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences.,02 (2): 78-
Bhat Javid (2012) Problem of apple marketing vol 82.
no.1 issue no. 6 ISSN 2277-1166 Mehta Piyush, 13 Malik, A. Z. (2014). Horticulture Growth Trajectory
Thakur Rajesh Kumar & Chauhan Sachin (2013) Evidence in Jammu and Kashmir (A lesson for Apple
“Production and marketing of apple fruit crop-A Industry in India), Journal of Business Management &
study premise to Shimla district of Himachal Social Sciences Research., 03 (05): 45-49
Pradesh” International Journal of Bio-Resources
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 6
Title Code: HPENG01196
Demonetization and Its impact on Indian Economy Mukesh Kumar
Associate Professor & Head
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Mukesh Kumar
goel.3477@gmail.com
TIME LAG
Introduction:
Recently in India demonetization
means when RBI had withdrawn the
existing note of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 in
very short notice. Demonetization is the
act of stripping down a unit of currency
of its position as legal tender. The total
currency in circulation in Hindustan
was Rs. 17.77 Lakh Crore on 28th Oct.
2016. But in the annual report of central
bank stated that total notes in
circulation upto 31st March 2016 were
valued Rs. 16.42 Lakh crores. The
proportion in which 86% was 1000 &
500 rupee notes. As we talk about
volume, the report stated approx. 25%
of total 9024.3 crore banknotes were in
circulation. But Govt. took an important
action by declaring that Rs. 500 and Rs.
1000 rupee notes will no longer be legal
tender from 8th Nov. 2016 midnight. In
place of these notes the new currency
notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 2000 were
issued by the Central Bank from 10th
Nov. 2016. The notes other than older
notes Rs. 500/1000 will remain legal
tender due to the fake currency, black
money and corruption the PM Narender
Modi had taken this measure to resolve
these problems spread over the country.
This step is taken to cleanse of an
economic system and trace out black
money.
The following reasons are behind it.
1. To take on the black money in the
Indian economy.
2. To reduce the cash transactions in
India which are directly concerned
with the corruption in Indian society.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 7
Received on : 07.08.2018
Revised on : 25.09.2018
Accepted on : 25.10.2018
Abstract
Demonetization process is like two faces of a coin because one side it will
bene t the nation and other side it's going to create some temporary and long-
term problems. When PM Modi announced that Rs. with the demonetization of
500/- and 1000/- would cease to be the legal tender from 8th Nov. 2016, the whole
country was stunned. The new currency Rs.500/Rs. 2000 which replace the old
one. The main objective of this move was to curb the black money, fake note and
corruption. Prime minister also addressed the people many times telling the people
that it was a Mahayojna and they must offer their own about in it. This paper
highlight the experiences of some countries of demonetization as well as the
impact on various sectors in the Indian Economy of demonetization after 8th Nov.
2016.
Keywords: Demonetization, Downfall, Downturn, Black Money, Jhan-Dhan
To Cite: Kumar, M. (2018). Demonetization and Its impact on Indian Economy. HGPI International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 7-12.
Title Code: HPENG01196
1. To rule out bogus as fake currency cunning funds which had been used by the group of terrors to fund for an act of terrorism in India.
2. This step eliminated more than 5 Lakh crore black money from the Indian economy.
3. If we look in past in Jan. 1946, notes of 1000 and 10,000 were withdrawn and replace it by issuing new 1000/5000 and 10,000 notes in 1954. The govt. had again took this step. In 16.01.1978 demonetized 1000/5000/10,000 rupees notes to trace out black money.
Objectives of the paper
1. To sketch the impact of demonetization and its experience in various countries.
2. To examine or analyze the prompt impact of demonetization on economy.
3. To work out the probable outcomes and impact of the demonetization in Indian economy.
Research Methodology
The secondary data is the base of this paper. This data has been assembled from various newspaper, journals, internet, news channel and graphs, and the percentile method has been used to analyzing the secondary data.
Procedure to exchange old notes
The central bank of India strictly followed the detailed procedure for this demonetization. New 2000/500 notes and Rs. 100 notes were issued following are the main points: -
1. The person or citizen who hold these type of currency to tender their bank notes at any of ce of the central bank or any nationalize or private bank branch and credit the value into their bank accounts.
2. The limit of cash withdraw from bank accounts restricted to Rs. 20,000 per week and Rs. 10, 000 per day from Nov. 09, 2016 to Nov. 24, 2016.
3. The provision for immediate cash need was, old
500/1000 notes upto Rs. 4000 per individual can be replaced for new currency as well as Rs. 100 bank notes over the counter of bank branches from Nov. 10th 2016. It was necessary to lling up a requisition form along with ID Proof.
4. All ATMs will distribute (dispense) notes of 100 and
50 rupees.
5. At the time of demonetization, banks provided all
withdrawal transaction at ATMs free of cost till 30th
Dec.2016 to their customers.
The cash withdrawal limit from ATMs was restricted to
Rs. 2000 per day per card upto 18th Nov. 2016 but by 19th
Nov. 2016, this limit was reused Rs. 4000 per day per
card.
However, there were some entities where we could use
our old currency notes there were petrol pumps, Govt.
Hospitals, CNG stations, airlines booking, trains, state
govt. recognized diaries and ration shops, schools, post
of ces until 14th Nov. 2016 for foreign tourists,
international airports were also instructed to facilitate to
accept the notes up to the value of Rs. 5000.
Literature Review or The experiences of some countries Soviet Union
Mikhail Govt. banned the currency notes of Ruble 50 and
100 in soviet-union to trace out the black money and give
the proper life to the common public in 1991. But in the
beginning the decision of Gorbachev took a long term and
common people started doubting the government, due to
the decision of Mikhail Gorbachev.
Ghana
In 1982, Ghana Govt. take the step of demonetization of
cedi 50 to move back of black money in the nation. Due to
this the people of this country lost their faith inS the
economy of the country. The impact of this
demonetization was after few days, crores of money were
found on roads.
Britain
In 1971 to bring uniformity in currency the Britain Govt.
took the step of demonetization and old notes stopped in
circulation and replace it with coins of 5 to 10. The
declaration of this step was announced by govt. from last
2 years. This policy get success in Britain.
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Title Code: HPENG01196
Congo
In Congo dictator, Mobutu made desirable changes in currency prevailing in the country for the smooth running of the economy. The result was not fruitful the prices of daily need goods increased and share mkt. show a huge downfall.
Myanmar
In 1987 to keep in view of trace out the black money and corruption. The military govt. stopped the currency notes in Myanmar. But in this scenario the number of people died due to political dispute among govt. and so, demonetization come to an end.
Nigeria
In the presidentship of Muhammadu Buhari, he started a
new type of currency of notes to bring economy in a stable
position. Buhari resigned from his position because he
didn't buy any undesirable changes in the economy. It
took a long time 21 years for him to become president
again.
North Korea
In 2010, keeping in view to change in the economy and to
move back the black money of the country, dictator Kim
Jon-2 made some changes with currency. But due to this
change the prices of necessity product increased. This led
the common man to become angry.
Impact of Demonetization in Indian Economy As the country say goodbye to the old currency of Rs
500/1000 rupee note and with restrictions on exchanging
money and impose a tax on high amt of deposits the
economy of India is going through some serious churn.
Cash Crunch
Those sectors dealing with cash only i.e. vendors,
rikshaw wallahs, daily wage earners, taxi drivers,
demonetization has direct impact on above these sectors.
Indian system mainly functions on cash and so less cash
means a disruption in the ow. Even sectors like real
estate, which deals with illegal cash transactions, will go
through a rough patch leading to a fall in pro ts.
Interest Rate
The main impact of demonetization is on an interest rate.
Due to this money is deposited in the bank and people
earned in it for the same. After the announcement that Rs.
500/1000 is not a legal tender form 9 Nov. 2016, there had
been huge deposits in banks. Some of the leading private
and public banks reduced the rate of interest on deposits.
Investors get less interest on their deposits, but the good
news was that it would have a long term positive effects
an Indian economy as leading rate or we can say rate on
loan will fall. This will boost credit & investment to
recover the slumping economy.
In ation
Due to the demonetizations, the general price level
become lower which may lead to de ationary
pressures, because of less cash supplying in comparison
of goods. Fall in price would help to the common man
because during this goods become cheaper.
The tax effect
In this scenario the deposits of above Rs. 2.5 Lakh have
not been justi ed to the income tax department will be
taxed 200 percent. This could help to convert black
money into the white money fold. The revenue provided
from this used to the de cit the budget. This step will
help to provide revenue to central govt. Demonetization
is the
rst step in creating a ripple in taxation policy before
GST Ralls out.
Growth:
The parameter in the estimation of growth of an economy
is the GDP. Research from have already cut growth
estimates by 0.5%. Because there are many sectors where
run through cash so Indian's economy could shrink. The
sectors which are non-tax payer, now be formalized. A
fall in consumption is also due to a fall in cash availability.
This demonetization also helps to produce a huge amount
from non-tax paying sectors. This will help in the growth
and their fare GDP would not face a negative impact.
Effect on various economic entities
There are certain sectors of the Indian economy, which
could face short term disruption in the facilitation of their
transactions. These sectors are small traders, service
sectors, political parties, household, retail sectors and
professional bodies like doctor, carpenter etc.
The Sectoral impacts of demonetization
Consumer Electrical
Consumer electrical products like fans, lights, switches,
are low ticket-size products (priced between Rs 100 to Rs
2,500) as well as products of basic necessity. Hence, we
do not expect any severe impact on their demand because
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 9
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of the demonetisation drive. However, the consumption of certain products like house-wiring cables and industrial cables could be impacted because two of their key user industries are housing construction and infrastructure projects which are likely to be affected by demonetisation. These measures are negative for Voltas, Havells India as a lot of demand comes from Tie II/III towns and is dealt in cash.
Telecoms
There is no meaningful impact seen on telecom due to
demonetisation plan. However, the slowdown in
smartphone sales could potentially slow adoption of
mobile broadband subscriber penetration. Moreover, any
pressure on global liquidity could delay the plans of telcos
who are looking to monetize tower assets. Further
telecom companies will be under pressure due to
relatively high valuations, negative earnings momentum
and lack of positive catalysts.
Financial (Banks, MFIs, NBFCs, HFCs) Banks will bene t from the move to demonetize.
CASA accretion will shoot up in banks, esp PSU Banks.
This is owing to rush to deposit cash in the
banned denominations (500/1,000 Rupees). The
CASA growth has already seen a sharp improvement
and the huge deposit in ow will result in a system wide
moderation of the rate environment. However, this can
be short lived. This is because a large part is likely to be
utilised by depositors to pay for business/personal
requirements, a relatively smaller part may be parked
into higher yielding deposits while some may be simply
withdrawn in the form of cash. Ten year yields have
crashed to 6.4% (~down 40 bps in 2 weeks) and this is
expected to aid treasury pro ts signi cantly. Overall,
the banking system has already seen an in ux of Rs 4.0
tn of CASA mix over past ten days and it is expected
that the deposit base increases by Rs. 10 tn by Dec-end
and even if 25-30% of these deposits nally stays in the
banking system and that alone can boost the systemic
CASA mix by up to 3%. Some pressure can be seen in
form of asset quality for both Banks and NBFCs –
particularly on Loan Against Property (LAP),
developer nancing (players like Indiabulls Housing
Finance, PNB Housing etc) and impact in SME
business (DCB Bank etc). Further there might be some
pressure on the cash collection which has been the forte
of some of the NBFCs (Like MMFS – 60%
is cash collection). Further all these NBFCS (like Repco,
Chola Finance, Gruh) has the MOATs that was to look
beyond the Tax Forms ( only 3% of Indian les IT tax
return) so this might hamper their operations. Some
impact could be seen on demand for consumer durables,
which could impact the players like Bajaj Finance,
Capital First. This will also be negative for gold
nance players (Muthoot Finance, Manappuram
Finance) wherein a lot of dealing happens in cash
(similar impact was visible when PAN card was made
mandatory for Rs. 2 lakhs). For MFIs, these might not
be much negative in near to longer-term (near term - for
1 month or so - cash collection and delivery might get
delayed due to issues in currency circulation), given the
lower ticket size in which they operate.
Information technology
We do not expect demonetization to impact the IT sector
as more than 95% of revenues come from exports.
Domestic business is also a B2B business. There may be
an impact on Hardware companies which operate in the
domestic economy, though. There may be a temporary
impact on training companies, due to the cash crunch.
However, as IT training or IT-led training is linked to
career progression, so any structural impact on demand is
not expected.
Textile
The organized textile sector has welcomed the decision as
the demonetization decision by RBI would restructure the
transaction structure and would outcome in crystal clear
business deal with out of the country merchants. This
decision would upturn the custom of automated clearance
arrangement for making disbursements and would
decrease the dark dealings expressively. On opposing,
this resolution is a setback for the un-organized textile
zone of the nation who is reliant on national marketplace
for pro ts generation. Control of withdrawals from the
bank is likely to in uence the weekly disbursement to
contractual employees in textile division. Moreover,
restrictions on cash extractions would destructively
in uence the obtaining of new material like yarns and
fabric in the nation.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 10
Title Code: HPENG01196
Impact of Demonetization for Indian Economy (Short term & long term) The demonetization work actually directed by Prime
Minister Narender Modi in our nation. This is
considerable to an extent but shadows positive as well as
adverse sides. The basic aim of the demonetization is to
shower the store of “Kala Dhan (Black Money)” out of the
country and make it the taxable part in the country.
“This is positive to step the cleaning of the black money.
Though, assured belongings will occur as a result of
demonetization. Dealings will nowadays activate to
change to silver economy with the help of banking system
which means there will be ow in deposits of bank.
Straight investments in terms of deposits enhanced.”
Number of well-known temperaments like politicians,
entrepreneur, and so on have a huge stock of black money
either in the country or out of the country. The notes which
are of high value denominations. When they hear the
news of demonetization they will be involuntary to
deposit the (Kala Dhan) black money into the banks. They
will get new currencies after submitting their PAN or
Adhar number or Passport number. This facilitates the
administration to catch the offenders and hold onto an eye
on all the fraud persons who are aiding them in altering
their black money into white money.
However this change causes some problems for society
because post of ces and banks do not have enough
volume of cash money. People are facing a lot of
complications with the old currency units. People have to
make long lines either to or to exchange or deposit their
money. Besides this, the ATMs are not restructured yet.
The retailers or shopkeepers as well as common man are
denying to take Rs. 2000 note as they don't have enough
amount of small deno minat io n money. The
administration is enchanting essential steps to promotion
the ATMs and printing new currency notes at an
extraordinary quickness so that it touch the people
without making any more confusion in the marketplace.
The unexpected stop in the obtainability of currency has
commanded to a liquidness shock to the common people
in the country. De ciency in the currency of Rs. Five
Hundred and Rs. One thousand has disturbed trade and
industry accomplishments such as intake, investment,
manufacturing, occupation etc. Due to this a number of
good and bed, as well as short term and long term impacts,
be seen in the economy
Impacts which can be seen short term
The rst and foremost impact is that the GDP
creation will be affected with the decrease in
consumer demand. Due to a decrease in
Consumption, the production will also decrease if
there is production increase due to this the
Employment also decreases due to this we cannot
expect Growth and Tax revenue.
There are Certain sectors in the society like the sector
of agriculture, traders, domestic people, daily
breadwinner etc. will face short term disturbances due
to unavailability of cash in liquid form.
The supply of money will decrease in the short-run till
the new currency Rupees Five hundred and Rupees
Two thousand gets widely spread in the marketplace
of the nation.
There has been a Negative impact on the consumption
patterns and disposable income of the people is
expected during these days.
Due to less currency ow will decrease in ation.
There is short-term downturn in areas like
construction, real-estate, textile, handcrafts goods etc.
The impact of the demonetization will be seen on
agriculturalists as this is the reaping time of harvest
and this sector generally deal in cash only.
As we know during this period there are no
investments will take place then the rate of capital
formation growth will go down.
Long-term impacts
Government income will change as more pro t
would be announced. The unbanked individuals will
move to keep money like Jan-Dhan contributing
towards government's endeavors of budgetary
incorporation.
Demonetization will set responsibility in movement
as administration/deals impose isn't paid by
individuals like nearby picture takers, tailors and so
on and along these lines their wage goes unaccounted.
Collection of higher assessments will help in the
country building like an advancement of streets,
foundation, transportation and numerous others.
Increase in country formative undertakings will
request more work and other talented labor which will
offer ascent to business openings.
It will get more business tax collection i.e. GST
bene ts.
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Title Code: HPENG01196
Cash in the framework will help instructive advance
sand business credits accordingly bringing more chances.
It will prompt better business condition, less
de lement and straightforwardness.
The substantial increment in the interest of Digital exchanges framework, E-wallets, use of plastic cash, online exchanges utilizing E-saving money and so forth.
Gold imports will be lessened on account of the interests in gold by individuals as a choice to trade store out the bank.
CONCLUSION
To nish up the choice of demonetization will demonstrate amazing in the long run and our duty expert will acquire an immense bene t since now the general population will designate them for the pro ts and
lling and the administration can gain enormous nancial advantage.
On the off chance that the cash vanishes, as a few hoarders
might not want to be seen with their money heap, the
economy won't pro t. Then again if the cash discovers
its way in the economy it could have an important
effect. Anyway encounters from various nations
demonstrates
that the move was one of the arrangement that neglected
to settle an obligation loaded and swelling ridden
economy.
REFERENCES 1. Partap Singh. 2013. Gold Prices in India: Study of
Trends and Patterns, “Internat ional Journal of
Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)”,
Vol. 2 Issue 4 August 2013 332, ( ISSN: 2319 – 1058)
2. Partap Singh. 2010. Impact of Financial crisis on Indian
Economy “Southern Economist” Vol. 49, no. 2. May. 15,
2010; (ISSN: 0038-4046)
3. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-
policy/ ve-likely-effects-of-demonet isat ion-
on- economy-116110901411_1.html
4. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-
policy/ ve-likely-effects-of-demonet isat ion-
on- economy-116110901411_1.html
5.http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/553
48597.cms?utm_source=contento nterest&utm_mediu
m=text&utm_campaign=cppst
6.http://www. nancialexpress.com/economy/history-
of- demonetisation-when-morarji-desai-
government- ceased-rs-500-rs-1000-and-rs-
7 . N e w s p a p e r s : T h e E c o n o m i c s T i m e ,
August–September, 2012
8. The Business Line, July- September, 2012
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 12
Title Code: HPENG01196
Total Quality Management: A Futuristic Approach Deepika Kohli Yadav
Assistant professor
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Deepika Kohli Yadav
deepa168@gmail.com
TIME LAG
Introduction:
TQM is a process of managing the
Quality in the entire organization seen
from every perspective. The aim of
TQM is to improve the Quality from the
raw material to the customer end.
Managing of Quality is governed by
planning, organizing, and controlling. It
is a continuous improvement process.
Qualit y can be seen f rom two
perspectives; one is to satisfy the
customer and second is to improve the
Quality of products. In improving the
quality of the products the productivity
does not suffers.
Quality α Productivity
It is well de ned in the Deming's
chain of Quality improvement.But in
actual, it does not happen. In order to
obtain this equation, time is needed,
which lowers down the productivity.
Hence TQM is a process to improve
the Quality by taking into account the
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 13
Received on : 08.08.2018
Revised on : 22.09.2018
Accepted on : 26.10.2018
Abstract
TQM is a never ending process of improving work processes. It is considered to be
an important management philosophy, which sustains the organizations in their
efforts toward quality improvement and satis ed customers. TQM helps the
organization for improving the quality of the product, better improvement,
customer satisfaction, competitiveness, and increase in productivity and
pro tability by continuously improving the quality of the process.
As we know that there are different tools and techniques of TQM are available to us. This paper includes a review of the existing techniques for quality improvement. TQM addresses all the issues for achieving excellence through continuous improvement. The proposed model discusses management issues, Implementation practices, and cultural changes. The aim of TQM is not only to provide information to the higher management but also have the authority to implement its policies. In most of the organizations, it is assumed that - Quality 1/Productivity
But this is not the case always. This paper re ects some light on, how to improve productivity without compromising with the Quality. TQM is a better option but whether it really works or it is just a paperwork to get some certi cations. This paper is of signi cance for practitioners, academics and for one who has an interest in the Quality improvement and practical evaluation of the tools and techniques for a variety of situations and appropriately applies the quality tools or techniques.
KEYWORDS:Totalqualitymanagement(TQM), Quality tools and techniques
Continuousqualityimprovement.
To Cite: Yadav, D.K. (2018). Total Quality Management: A Futuristic Approach. HGPI International Journal
of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 13-16.
Title Code: HPENG01196
Cost Time Productivity
The Concept of TQM:
TQM deals with every eld of the organization i.e. from the raw material to the customer. It involves every process that is encountered between raw material and a
nished product.
RESEARCH METHOD Basically we used different tools and techniques for the measurement of any Research.I here used the secondary data for the research. I used the observational and questionnaire techniques for the TQM analysis. I also study the behavior of the customer regarding different products. According to me knowledge management, training, supplier quality management, customer focus, strategic quality planning, continuous improvement, employee involvement and process management as the factors of TQM practices based on the literature review. I also included multiple performance factors, namely, operational performance, inventory management performance, employee performance, innovation performance, social responsibility, customer results, and market and nancial performance, to cover all aspects of rm performance.
TQM is mainly concerned with continuous improvement in all work, from high level strategic planning and decision-making. It stems from the belief that mistakes can be avoided and defects can be prevented. It leads to continuously improving results, in all aspects of work, as a result of continuously improving capabilities, people, processes, and technology and machine capabilities. Continuous improvement must deal not only with improving results but more importantly with improving capabilities to produce better results in the future. The ve major areas of focus for capability improvement are demand generation, supply generation, technology, operations and people capability.
EXPLANATION AND DISCUSSION Focused area: Our focus is to improve the quality which
leads to improving the productivity by decreasing the time,cost and effort. But as we try to improve the quality, productivity suffers. suppose in an organization, there is an average production of one thousand pieces but instantly a breakdown occurs then rst of all the production suffers and the root cause of the failure is to be found, and if it is due to some component failure then the whole lot of those components is to be rejected.
The breakdown continue until another lot comes or the production continues with the existing lot. If the existing lot is to be used then it is a compromise with the quality. If we want to wait for another lot then the productivity suffers. This is a common problem because the components are tested on a sampling basis. Sampling assures the quality of the components but not completely. This is the drawback of sampling which leads to lower down the quality. The situation is more worst if the production increases. There is also another factor that is time. The components used are tested for a speci ed time interval.A component may work for a small durations but may fail if used for long, and if we test it for more time then also it will lower down the productivity.
Another factor is the component testing environment are three environments namely
1. Manual testing
2. Automatic testing
3. Live test
If the component is to test manually then it can cause more failure. If we automatically test the component then the testing ef ciency will increase but still it is not completely assured. And if the product is to be tested in a live environment the up to some extent it is much more reliable since the behavior of a component is governed by various other components also. Hence there is always a need for improvement in every aspect. Hence our focus is to make the equation Quality α productivity true. One important Question arises here that why we are investing so much on the Quality. The answer is to maximize the pro t. But whether it actually happens or not. I am taking an example of a manufacturing organization below:
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 14
Title Code: HPENG01196
Production Model In the above model there are two Quality checks. We are imposing these checks even after the raw material is already assured at the Vendor end. For these Quality checks, we have implant manpower, machinery, training and certi cation.
Proposed Model The above model eliminates the requirements of two Departments of Quality management i.e. IQA and FQA. The time requirement is also reduced as the detection and correction efforts are manipulated as a parallel activity with the production. Also, the overall cost which includes manpower, equipment cost, calibration cost and training etc.
Commitment: an important factor:
TQM is a process to change the existing working environment for an organization so that the overall methodology to obtain a quality product will change. There are many factors that affect the implementation of TQM. One of the most important is the lack of commitment among the individuals. Second thing is that we must know that where we are i.e where our level of
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 15
Title Code: HPENG01196
Quality lies. The concept that where we are and where we
want to be is very necessary. For this proper planning is
required. We must look forward beyond our personal
gains, as if the organization grows, we automatically
grow. We should discover the long-term bene ts for the
organization.
Proposed work: TQM is helpful in gaining the trust of the customer.
According to Deming's chain of Quality improvement,
assuring the Quality of will increase the productivity by
reducing the rework, but why this rework is done. The aim
of TQM is not only to improve the product but also to
improve the processes as well. we are using the word
processes because the process is concerned with only a
single department, whereas TQM is applicable to all the
departments. In order to completely assure the quality of
the work product, the product should be tested in a live
environment i.e. at the customer end. After the product
reaches the customer, a particular time period should be
provided so that the customer can have suf cient time
to work with the product in his own manner. The
organization compensates this by imposing a guarantee
on the product. It means that the organization is also
afraid that the product may fail. Our motto is to overcome
this fear.
Conclusion:
TQM is a methodology for the continuous improvement
towards Quality. Some factors should be considered to
implement it without which it does not work. One such
factor is the commitment. This commitment should be at
the managerial level as well as at the worker level. The
planning should be worked out not only for pro t
maximization but also to reduce the cost, increase the
productivity and uplift the level of quality by reducing the
rework. Work should be done on the experimental basis.
References: 1. Total Quality management: making the concept
work by Pierre Julliard, Julliard associates,
Brook eld, Connecticut.
2. Total Quality Management in Software engineering
by Mitchell K.D.Pham, Deptt of management and
information systems, University of Auckland.
3. Implementing total quality management for the world class product development by E.C Yee and
R.C. Sotak.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 16
Title Code: HPENG01196
A Survey Paper on Big Data Analytics and Hadoop Er. Ritu Aggarwal* & Er. Parvesh Rani** errituaggarwal@gmail.com Parvesh.bindal@gmail.com
Assistant Professor
Himalayan Institute of
Computer Science,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Er. Ritu Aggarwal
errituaggarwal@gmail.com
TIME LAG
I. Introduction: Big data found in following forms.
1.1 Structured
1.2 Unstructured
1.3 Semi-structured
1.1 Structured The data found in a xed form which
can be usedand processed in xed
form is termed as structured data. Due
to the advancement in the eld of
Computer Science, there are different
developing techniques used over
such type of
data.[2] basically the structure data the
format of data is well known.Due to the
growth and increasing the size of data
there are some issues due to the huge
size of data like the range of multiple
zettabyte, petabytes, terabytes.
1 . 1 . 1 S o u r c e s u s e d f o r Structured data The day to day enhancement in
technology provide the different
sources of structured data being found
in large volumes. There are two types of
sources used for Structured data[3]
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 17
Received on : 10.08.2018
Revised on : 28.09.2018
Accepted on : 02.11.2018
Abstract
Data in today's world is growing at a fastly and rapidly. A large amount of data is
generated daily by various sources such as social networking websites, Sensors,
transactional data etc. So, the amount of data we need to store and manage is
incremented day by day. Therefore Handle large amount data, business and other
organizations use that.it refers to the enlarge set which contain huge amount of
information. It contains semi structured, unstructured, structured raw facts. Data
does not have any use unless that data is used to extract some useful information and
to make some decisions. For this purpose big data analytics is performed.
Traditional techniques for processing data cannot be applied to handle such alarge
amount of data. So, special techniques and software are required.Hadoop is an
independentsoftware framework which works on the clusters of large data sets
using distributed processing. In this paper aims to analyze the different emerging
trends, types its methods used for big data and one of the big data tool Hadoop which
is relevant for decision domains.[1]
Keywords: Big data, Sensors, Hadoop, Clusters, ETL, analytics etc.
To Cite: Aggarwal,R.& Rani, P (2018). A Survey Paper on Big Data Analytics and Hadoop. HGPI International
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 17-23.
Title Code: HPENG01196
Fig 1.1 Structured data
Computer or Machine generated: This type of data
generally contains the data which is produced by a
Computer or Machine with the interference [5]of
Human being. it includes data produced by Sensors ,
Videos, cameras, Recording ,Satellites etc.
Human-generated: Human generated data includes
the data which is created by the Human being with the
help of machines. It is in human readable form. For
example Weblogs, Email, Documents, Social sites etc.
There is the third category that combines the features of
the machine and human generated is called Hybrid.In this
paper,we're concerned with the rst two categories.
Table 1.2
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 18
Title Code: HPENG01196
1.2 Unstructured In unstructured data, the data is organized in an unknown
form. Due to the huge size in unstructured data it poses
many challenges for processing and evaluating the values
for it. It contains the [8] combination of writing les,
pictures etc. it is dif cult to evaluate and obtain the
structured data from this type of data because it is in raw
form.
Some areas where it has usedOutcomes from some search engines
Natural Language: It accepts voice commands or understands what people are looking for.
Photographs & Video: Video cameras are used to
capture events such as videos that can be used to
analyze water level into a dam.
1.3 Semi-Structured It can beseen as a structured data but it can't be de ned in
a form of tables.Some form of this data that used in the
XML le.
How the Students Information stored :
<rec><name>siya</name><sex>Female</sex><city>R ampur</city></rec>
<rec><name>SubhamSaini</name><sex>Male</sex><
Ambala>Agra</city></rec>
<rec><name>Jonny</name><sex>Male</sex><city>Ja
ipur</city></rec>
1.2 Bene ts of Big data analytics: I t c a n p r o v i d e d i f f e r e n t b u s i n e s s b e n e t s ,
includingmarket opportunities, marketing& advertising,
and customer support servicesand provide the
competitive environment against competitors with the
popular analytics systems and software. Its applications
provide a way to different professionals like data
scientists, predictive modelers, statisticians to analyze
or evaluate increasing amount of structured transferable
data, in addition to another kind of data that are left
uncovered [11]. It encompasses a mix of different data--
for example, logs detail of server, social contents
network, information from user messages and survey
report, other information or electronic contents taken
from sensing elements through the IOT. [17].
To make organizational business decisions, analytics
trends give a way of indentifying facts volume, conclude
the appropriate results about that support the
organizations to form a good informative decision makers
make informed business decisions.
1.3.1 History: It was rstly came into existence has change in the
different kindsand quantityof data that is produced by
rms and the ability that calculate how the facts used
and changed. There are some factors of big data that
are: volume, velocity and variety consider as facts, this
concept given by famous scientist. This framework came
into existence as an Sql and Apache that is a open source.
Initially, as the Hadoop environment used for big data
eld store present the existence of large organizations,
like social networking sites, search engine sand services
providers also. Big data analytics has increasingly been
encompassed by retail merchants, economical
organizations, insurance agents, welfare rms, creators,
different rms and industries.
1.4 Big data analytics Platforms and resources: The traditional data warehouses that worked on the basis
of relational databases . Unstructured and semi-structured
data types do not support the concept of Relational
databases. Even though, data storage houses could not
handle the processing the requirements occurred through
different big data blocks that required to be up grad edit
works on real time data and stock trading, and include
different activities according the visitors requirements to
check the mobile applications outcomes. Different
organizations integrate processes and identi ed big
data with the help different kind of databases and
different tools and its supporting tools are:
YARN : It used for Group handling strategies.
Map Reduce: It is used to process the massive amount
of unstructured facts that operates combined to
calculate the type of data.
Spark: in this process users works on big scale
application that is used for data analytics for the
different clustered systems. it is based on the
technology of an open-source parallel processing.
H Base: It works on HDFS framework and used the
approach of column oriented approach.
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Hive: it is open source framework that basically used
the large data sets for querying and viewing by the use
of Hadoop le
Pig: it is an open-source technology that used for the
concurrent work development of Map Reduce
processes running for Hadoop clusters based on high
level processing.
The users acquiring the technology of Hadoop that
provides the purpose of repository for inputting raw form
of data. In this paper the big data analytics data analyzed
in Hadoop cluster and run with help of processing engine
like spark i.e open source parallel processing. data stored
in HDFS that should be organized con gured and
properly maintained for the better performance to extract,
transform and load to operate different operations and
analytical works and queries. If the data is available it can
be identi ed using different software that can be
support for analytic processes. Different kinds of
strategies are used to analyzed the big data sets.
1.5 challenges and uses for Big data analytics
Through support this application user can conclude the
weather data or demographic data on the consumers that
are calculated by third party Information service
providers which use the concept of internal system and
external sources for the data. The other open source
processing engines like Hadoop system through Spark's
Streaming module, Flink, and Storm support the
streaming analytic application in Big Data environment.
Earlier the large Data systems data deployed for creating,
storing and analyzing the massive amount of the data that
are used and deployed for large organization whereas the
cloud platform venders like AWS and Microsoft Azure in
which we can deploy large volume of data. Some pitfalls
include that there is a lack of experienced IT staff and
identify the different technologies and by the data, expert
ll their gaps.
1.5 Big Data Characteristics:
Big data is an environment including the data its scale &
volume, variety or mixture, and/or deadlines needed to
use the latest layouts, analyzer, and equipment to achieve
and use the resources and techniques that provide latest
sources that provide business value[18].
There are important main factors which de ne the Big Data
environment: (factors for big data, the total data de ne the
volume, variety is number of types of facts and their frequency
de nes about the movement of that facts.
Volume refers the raw facts is its size. The Volume
de ned as the primary attribute in Big Data
environment. The Volume of data measured in the
TBs or PBs, tables, or les. The greatest thing
about the Big Data is that it uses a variety of
sources, including web logs, click streams, and
social media. By the use of that kind of sources, the
term analytic refers to join the structured data by
unstructured and semi structured data like XML.
Moreover, multi- dimensional data like data from
audio, videos etc. is evaluated from a data
warehouse to combine the big data environment.
The way how the data can be changed and can be
created is referred to the velocity. The Velocity
measure the frequency and the speed of data for the
data generation. The main feature in terms of
velocity is streaming data in Big Data environment.
Variety de ned as to the different formats or
types of data, and the way how to use and analyze
the data.
1.6. Storage and Management in Big Data:
Organizations use the massive amount of Big Data.
These organizations need to decide how to
organize, manage, store and deal such kind of Big
Data. The earlier methods to store the data for
example data marts used the ETL(Extract,
Transform and Load) tools to upload andnd the data from data sources. In the traditional
Enterprise Data Warehouse(EDW) environment, the data
need to be cleaned and integrated before it is incorporated
with the database, whereas the Big Data environment use
the Magnetic, Agile, Deep(MAD) analytic approach that
support all kind of data. “Magnetic” data must be reliable
and effective, so that analysts will operate with data
sources within the Data Warehouses.“Agility”, has the
ability to provide the system to make physical storage
management exible and ef cient. Finally, Depth of
analysis is related to all the concepts of the MAD
analytics that make the databases to be more powerful and
provide a exible environment. Due to the growing needs
of data sources the data analysts used the concept of big
data storage that easily produce and provide data rapidly. In
the agile database in which the logical and physical
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contents are adapted by the sync way for the rapid data
evolution. So the different analysts use the complex and
statistical methods to study them. This current technology
that the analysts used. For the big data storage used the
conceptof data repository and used as a prominent
algorithm runtime engine. To nd about the big data
several solutions are to be adapted for eg. In the
distributed databases and the parallel processing
databases that provide high performance and platform
independent environment and their scalabilitythat used in
big data. The another concept is a non relational databases
that means not only SQL that existed for managing
unstructured data. The No SQL database are used for
massive data scaling, to study and used different kind of
data models that provide exibility .these type of
databases are for storage management. And high scalable
performance. These kinds of databases are provided on
the application layer for the data speci c languages.
The concept that has been studied about that in which has
high memory databases in which thedata is store in server
memory that remove the disk input /output functions and
enabled the real time systems request and their responses.
in the traditional methods data is stored in mechanical
disks but now a day's data stored in primary databases in a
silicon based main memory. By using this technology it
improves in magnitude by their reliability, ef ciency
andprovide a environment for applications to be
developed. By the different analysts view and concepts
the big data has a great speed to access and analyze the
massive amount of data and their storage. Its provides the
exible environment to the databases. By the different
analysts there is another discovered framework for
performing the data analytics that named as Hadoop.
Hadoop is an open source framework that used for
performing big data analytics its features that it provide
greater compatibility, manageability, scalability and
improving the performances of storing the big data.
BasicallyHadoop work on the concept of Map Reduce
models that analyze and combined the features of storage
and analytics together.Hadoop has basically two
components in which it has works.
1. HDFSthat used for storage management.
2. Map Reduce that used for big data analytics.
1.6 Hadoop Distributed File System
It enables a duplicate, ef cient distributed system
where each le has predetermined size blocks. These
blocks are stored on the cluster of one or several nodes.
Since the data is scattered over different nodes in HDFS,
there must be some mechanism to secure this data and
to avail tha data at different node.For that Replication
mechanism used to protect the data among the nodes
which provide the availability and reliability. With
the help of replication, there are multiple copied of
same data can be found in the system that increases the
availability and reliability of the system.HDFS nodes are:
Data Node:
it store Data in le blocks on different nodes in
replicated form. Data Nodes are also called slave nodes
in HDFS. Data Node is a non expensive hardware,
which not provide the availability and quality. it store
the data in block server as a local le ext43 or ext4.
These serve as slave procedure or process which
operate on each slave node.
Data nodes are areal storage device.
The Data Nodes read and write the low level request
from the le system's clients.
The data node frequency is set to 3 seconds.
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g1.8 Data Nodes
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Name Nodes:
The block present on the data nodes are managed by the
Name Nodes that named as a head node in the Hadoop
Apache. The Name node server manages and controls all
the les that are used by clients in the File System
Namespace.
1.7 Analytic Processing
During the implementation of the big data warehouse
used this method .The following complex available needs
for accessing it.
The rst technique is data storage and data loading.
Secondly it provides fast query processing required
in this the query should be provided on quick
response time to satisfy actual time based requests
and heavy workloads.
Thirdly the storage space should be ef ciently
utilized and because the high demand user activities
there is a requirement of scalable storage capacity
and computing capabilities. It also required
addressing the storage space issues so that the
storage space ef ciently utilized.
At last, the strong bonding to highly dynamic
workload. The system should be highly adaptive as
the big data is used.
1.8 Map-Reduce Model:
The methods used for different languages. The Map
Reduce parallel programming model is used in Big Data
processing and analytical functions it is the main feature
of Hadoop that perform data processing functions. [6].
It adds more computers rather than processing on node
(single)computer.To complete the task, in Map Reduce
model the job is breaking down into stages and these
stages are computed in parallel.
1.10.1 Limitations of Hadoop
With Hadoop's advantages over RDBMS.
1. Too many copies of data
2. Less supportive
3. Inadequate execution
4. Expertise framework
5. Insuf cient skills
1.9 CONCLUSION
This paper givesa survey report of big data analytics
methods in which discussed Hadoop and discussed
various strategies and methods and technologies.
Different sources of data in big data analytic have been
discussed. In this paper analyzed different methods used
for handling them, different Sqlrepositories'and packages
have beenmentioned. An overview of Hadoop
Distributed File System and how to use them. Too many
frameworksthere it can play a major role in successthe
storage management of massive data have been studied.
With the help of this paper , we solved and studied the
problem of large datasets. This paper helps to need to
make a new framework where Hadoop can be
implemented.
1.10 REFERENCES
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Fig 1.10 Map Reduce Stages
Title Code: HPENG01196
[4]. Cebr 2014: Data equity, Unlocking the value of big
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architec
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Title Code: HPENG01196
Challenges for Horticulture Industry in Himachal Pradesh: Vision 2030 Dr. Kiran Chanda
* & Dr. Kulbhushan Chandel
*
Assistant Professor
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Dr.KiranChanda
kiranchanda218@gmail.com
TIME LAG
Abstract
Himachal Pradesh is the biggest producer of quality fruit like Apple, Plum, peach
and pear etc. But the apple constitutes one of the most important and widely grown
fruits of Himachal Pradesh. Horticulture is the mainstay in Himachal Pradesh for
the development of the majority of the population in the state. Due to its
comparative advantage, horticulture has proved to be the most remunerative and
important to the number of Himachal farmers as it improves their economic
condition. But the production and marketing of horticulture areexperiencing
continuous changes worldwide. This is due to the challenges transpire from more
changeable climate, loss of productive soil through encroachments for
urbanisation, low productivity, costly labour and disease in apple trees. Under 2030
vision the targeted production need to be achieved with no increase in the area under
cultivation potentially utilizing the scienti c, technical and conventional
strengths for sustainable production. And also new changing climate tolerant
plants, disease free plants should be introduced. Himachal can hold up the
competition only by escalating productivity, reducing the cost of production and
also farmers need to be educated regarding new technologies used in production
and marketing. Concerted efforts are needed to improve the present status of
horticulture industry in the state. The present study focuses on the challenges
regarding increase in production, marketing, productivity and utilization of apple
as economic livelihood in Himachal Pradesh.
Key Words: Horticulture, Apple, Himachal Pradesh, vision 2030.
*AssistantProfessor, Himalayan Group of Professional Institutions Kala-Amb.
* Dean Academics, Himachal Pradesh Technical University, Hamirpur
Introduction:
Himachal grow diverse varieties of
fruits from tropical to temperate which
help in the economic up-liftment of the
r u r a l e c o n o m y b y g e n e r a t i n g
employment and revenue to rural
population. Himachal Pradesh is
bestowed endowed with plenty of
natural resources with diverse agro-
climat ic condit ions suitable for
horticulture development. Shimla
district has occupied a place of pride in
the eld of horticulture followed by
Kullu and Kinnaur district. It is the
biggest producer of quality fruits like
Apple, Plum, Peach, and Pear etc.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 24
To Cite: Chanda, K.& Chandel, K. (2018). Challenges for Horticulture Industry in Himachal Pradesh: Vision 2030.
HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 24-28.
Received on : 30.08.2018
Revised on : 03.10.2018
Accepted on : 10.11.2018
Title Code: HPENG01196
but, the apple constitutes one of the most signi cant
and widely grown fruit of the state. Approximately 90
percent of the total apple produce is exported to the
distant markets of the country. Moreimportance is given
on cultivation of horticulture crop in Himachal Pradesh.
Where cultivation is mainly done on narrow terraces and
the scope for ef cient use of land in these hilly areas is
limited. The extraordinary progress in this eld is
because of the congenial agro-climatic condition of the
state. The market structure of these fruits is going
through a lot of changes to building marketing linkages
in terms of obtaining pro table market. However, it
also considered that the high transportation cost, lack of
storage facilities, loss of productive soil through urban
encroachment, low productivity, high labour cost,
climate changes, diseases in apple trees and exploitation
by middlemen.
Reviews:
Randev, A.K. (2009) in his study on “Impact of climate
change on apple productivity in Himachal Pradesh-India”
reported that the productivity has shown huge difference
due to the non availability of water at critical stage of
growth.The temperature variation is an important factor
in disturbing the hydrological cycle and intensity of
occurrence of other factors like warming of ecosystem
which further results in adverse effect on production.
Reshi, M. I., Malik, M. A. and Kumar, V. (2010) in their
research paper entitled “Assessment of problems and
prospects of Apple production and marketing in Kashmir
Valley” revealed that There is problems at production
level and marketing level i.e. apple scab diseases,
outbreak of premature leaf fall, the pre and post harvest
practices followed by farmers are primitives. No support
from government in the home market.There is a cold
storage problem in the producing areas, there is no
prescribed standard for grading and packing and ordinary
transportation facilities which harm the quality of
product. Basannagri, B., Kala, C. P. (2013) in their study
on “Climate change and apple farming in Indian
Himalayas: A study of local perception and responses”
revealed that the farmers are customised to follow the
traditional and age old practices of cultivation. Farmers
are less aware about scienti c agro-climatic practices,
Agri-input and horticulture schemes due to lack of
communication facilities at high hills. Due to the change
in temperature, precipitation, ground frost, hailstorm,
loss of soil fertility, water availability and natural
calamities pose serious threats to apple production.Sen,
V., Rana, R. S., Chauhan, R.C and Aditya (2015) in
their study on “Impact of climate variability on apple
production and diversity in Kullu valley, Himachal
Pradesh”exhibitedthat The increase in average
temperature, prolonged drought during summers,
negligible or no rain during winters has rendered large
area of lowers Kullu valley un t for apple cultivation.
The change in the snowfall pattern led to depletion and
shifting of ecological niche of traditionally and
commercially important apple varieties. Saxena, A.,
Hussain, M. and Singh, A. (2017) in their study on
“Impact of amended APMC act on apple business in
Himachal, India” reported that Indian agricultural
marketing system is suffering from various problems like
large number of middlemen, malpractices of traders,
inadequate market information and insuf cient funds
etc. Procure apple directly and offer healthy prices to
primary producers but still many apple growers in
Himachal Pradesh do not sell to private buyers.
Objectives of the study:
1. Challenges in apple production and marketing.
2. Vision 2030 a future prospects of the horticulture
industry.
Rationale of the study:
Himachal has been endowed with varied agro-climatic
conditions, which provide a great scope for the apple
growers. The hills of Himachal provide natural zones for
production of apples. Horticulture provides new
opportunities and has a vast scope in the state. Fruit
production is seasonal and the produce is perishable in
nature. As the apple is the major cash crop of the state
growing in Shimla, Kullu and Kinnaur, etc. Shimla ranks
rst in horticulture production. It has occupied the
signi cant place in horticulture sector in Himachal
Pradesh followed by Kullu, and Kinnaur districts.Due to
the commercialization of agriculture and horticulture in
the districts people have become aware of the basic need
of education. Because of less education they are not aware
about modern marketing techniques. Horticulture
produce in Himachal have good marketing demand in the
country. The overall picture at the state level would
conceal a wide variety of experience.
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The present study aims at analyzing the existing state of
horticulture produce and also identi es the problems
faced by the people of the district in marketing practices
to improve the existing marketing strategies to the people
in order to provide them basic awareness in this regard.
As horticulture industry is slowly moving from
traditional agriculture enterprise to corporate sector.
And the further growth of horticulture industries and its
sustain ability will largely depend on the marketing
strategies; strong support of basic and strategic marketing
research will only enable rapid growth of horticulture
produce.
Scope of the study:
The present study is restricted to the three districts of
Himachal Pradesh i.e. Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur. The
district under study is selected by taking into
consideration the largest producers of horticulture
produce from 2015 to 2018.
The data is collected through structured questionnaire.
The major thrust is given to the product strategies and
pricing strategies adopted by apple growers in Himachal
Pradesh.
Research Methodology:
Keeping in the view the objectives of the study the
research design employed for the same is of descriptive
type, available secondary data is largely used for the
study. Different news articles, books, research papers and
websites were used which were enumerated and
recorded.
Challenges for apple production:
1. Climate change: Apple production is, as any other
output has been the consequence of action and interaction
of numbers of inputs. There are a number of factors,
change in snowfall pattern, low chilling hour etc. Any
variations in weather also bring huge variation in
productivity. The need of the hour is to put together the
developmental efforts in such a way that the climatic
hazards are minimized.
2. Decrease in the area under apple crop: Due to the
urbanization area under apple, cultivation is decreasing
day by day. Fertile land is used for construction purpose.
The adverse environmental condition leads to shifting to
other crops; rise in temperature is also the reason for the
decrease in area under apple crop.
3. Low productivity: Apple productivity in general,
has shown a declining trend of in Himachal Pradesh due
to a warmer climate and low chilling hours during winter
and adequate growth during warmer summers. The apple
growing area is rapidly shifting from lower elevations to
higher elevations, and larger congenial areas have been
reduced for the cultivation of apple.
4. Diseases in apple trees: Diseases in apple trees
presently are a menace to apple growers. They are dealing
with the problem of disease and pests like apple
scab,canker, red mite, woolly apple aphid etc. which is a
big threat to the apple industry. This is a grim situation
faced by apple growers. The fungicides and insecticides
available are not effective and liable to eradicate the
problem permanently.
5. High Labour cost: Labour is another problem in
apple production. Because all the work is done manually.
At every stage, there is a need for labour. Shortage of
labour at the harvesting stage creates dif culty to
growers. Because of the perishable nature of apple
growers have to pay additional or high wages to labourer
to complete the work in time.
6. Storage facility: There are no storage facilities in
apple growing areas. As the nature of apple is perishable
growers forced to sell their produce immediately.
Whether the market is stable or they get a fair price for
their produce. If there is a proper storage facility they can
sell their produce when the market is stable and they will
get a fair price for the produce.
7. Marketing of apple: marketing of apple is a
complex phenomenon. Distribution channels consist of a
large number of middlemen between apple producers and
the consumers. Marketing pattern of apple is entirely
different from other agriculture commodities. First, they
are brought to the wholesaler or commission agents
market and then supplied to the terminal market. The
process of dispersal in apple is in reverse direction.
8. Lack of organized and regulated Market: It is well
known fact that there is a large chain of commission agents, a
wholesaler in the apple market. The dominance of these
intermediaries does not let the market to be organized.
Moreover, the apple market is not organized and regulated by
the government/ institutional framework so that minimum
price concept for apple can be implemented and market risk
can be minimized so that growers should be bene tted.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 26
Title Code: HPENG01196
Future prospects for apple production vision
2030: 1. Under the 2030 vision the target of total production
must be achieved without increasing the area under
cultivation potentially utilizing the scienti c,
technical and conventional strengths for sustainable
production.
2. Due to the continuous changes in climate and raise in
temperature 4 percent production of apple will be a
decline in 2030. There is a need to identify the future
opportunities and threats to the horticultural region
and horticulture production due to climatic change.
3. Climate torrent plants, disease-free plants should be
introduced and these plants should be provided to the
growers at a subsidized rate.
4. The best management practices and marketing
practices should be developed and implemented in
agriculture practices for fruit cultivation, which
leads to more adaptation and involvement of
machinery in agriculture and horticulture.
5. Identify additional export opportunities for Indian
growers.
6. Development of more advanced weather forecasting
tools that can be utilized for mapping out climate
change and climate unpredictability especially
frequent changes in temperature that hamper
horticulture.
7. Discovering alternative region that might be
appropriate for production to attain bene ts of
these market opportunities available.
8. Analyzing the effects of climate change in different
competitor countries to India. So that protective measure
should be taken.
Conclusion:
Horticulture is by far the largest horticulture industry in
Himachal Pradesh. Horticulture has proved to be the most
remunerative and important to the number of Himachal
farmers as it improves their economic condition. But the
product ion and market ing of hort iculture are
experiencing frequent changes world wide. As we all
know climate change is one of the most alarming factors
at present in apple production. Due to the rapid change in
weather there is a need to introduce weather tolerant
plants, hybrid varieties of apple and disease free plants
should be introduced. Growers need to be educated
regarding new technologies used in production and
marketing so that they can compete with continuous
competition from other countries. And also increasing
productivity without increasing area of production,
storage facility should be there in every production area,
the cost of labour should be curtailed and organised
markets should be formed by govt. so, the hassle- free
production and marketing can be done.
References:
1. Ahmaad, S. Md., Nayyer, Abu, Md., Aftab, A. Nayak,
B., Siddiqui, Md. (2014).Quality prerequisites of
fruits for storage and market ing,Journal of
Postharvest Technology.,02(01): 107-123.
2. Ahuja. S., Jaggi, P. (2017). Mushroom: Scope and
future in India,Kurukshetra, A Journal on Rural
Development., 65 (6): 40-44.
3. Ali, J., Kapoor, S. (2008). Farmer's perception on risk
in fruits and vegetables production: An Empirical
study of Uttar Pradesh,Agricultural Economics
Research Review ., 21: 317-326
4. Basannagri, B., Kala, C. P. (2013).Climate Change
and Apple Farming in Indian Himalayas: A study of
local perception and responses,Indian Institute of
Forest Management Bhopal., 08(10): 1-12
5. Bera, G. (2015).An assessment of apple cultivation in
Kalpa, Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh,IOSR
Journal of Humanities and Social Science.,20(08):
20-23.
6. Bhardwaj, R.K., Bhardwaj, A., Gangwar, S.K.
(2012).Distribution Pattern of Apples in Indian Sub
Continent: Constraints and Strategies,International
Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences.,3
(2): 196-206.
7. Bhat, J. (2012).Problem of Apple Marketing in
Kashmir, National Monthly Referred Journal of
Research in Commerce & Management.,01(06): 105-
111.
8. Bhat, T. A. (2014).Economics of Apple Industry; A
P r i m a r y S u r v e y i n D i s t r i c t S h o p i a n
(Kashmir),Journal of Business Management &
Social Science Research.,06, (05): 127-131.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 27
Title Code: HPENG01196
9. Birthal, P.S., Joshi, P.K., Chauhan, S., Singh,
H.(2008).Can Horticulture Revitalise Agricultural
G r o w t h , Indian Journa l o f Agr i cul tura l
Economics.,63(03):310-321.
10. Chakraborty, I. (2017). Post-Harvest Management:
Reducing Wastage in Horticulture,Kurukshetra, A
Journal on Rural Development.,65 (6): 24-26.
11. Chand, R., Raju, S.S. and Panday, L.M. (2008).
Progress and Potential of Horticulture in India, Indian
Journal of Agriculture Economics.,63 (3): 299-309.
12. Godara, C.P. (2006).Market Arrival and price trend of
Important Fruits at AzadpurMandi, Delhi, Indian
Journal of Marketing.,36 (11): 1-10
13. Hassan, S., Hussain, A., Khan, M. A., Mahmood, I.
(2012). Rural–Urban Retail Price and Marketing
margin of fresh fruits and vegetables in Pakistan,
Journal of Agriculture., 25 (03): 206-217.
14. Saxena, A., Hussain, M., Singh, A. (2017).Impact of
amended APMC act on apple business in Himachal,
India Indian Journal of Agricultural Research.,51(1):
38-43.
15. Sen, V., Rana, R. S., Chauhan, R.C., Aditya
(2015).Impact of climate variability on apple
production and diversity inKullu valley, Himachal
Pradesh, Indian Journal of Horticulture.,72(1):14-
20.
16. Basannagri, B., Kala, C. P. (2013).Climate Change
and Apple Farming in Indian Himalayas: A study of
local perception and responses,Indian Institute of
Forest Management Bhopal., 08(10): 1-12
17. Reshi, M. I., Malik, M. A., Kumar, V.(2010).Assessment
of problems and prospects of apple production and
marketing in Kashmir Valley, Indian Journal of
Environmental Research and Development.,4 (4): 1077-
1082
18. Randev, A.K (2009).Impact of climate change on apple
productivity in Himachal Pradesh-India 60th
International
Executive Council meeting & 5th
Asian Regional
Conference, New Delhi., 1-9
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 28
Title Code: HPENG01196
Workforce Diversity in Organizations Rahul Dev Bakshi
Assistant Professor
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Rahul Dev Bakshi
devrahulbakshi@gmail.com
TIME LAG
Introduction:
Diversity is any dimension that can be
used to recognize, accommodate and
value differences. The concept of
diversity encompasses acceptance and
respect. It means understanding that
each individual is unique and different
on various parameters like race,
language, beliefs, emotions, nancial
status, behavior. Workforce diversity
within an organization helps the
employees to engage with different
people in a real and practical manner.
Diversity must be accommodated in a
positive manner in organizations to
achieve the desired goals. Diversity is
classi ed in primary and secondary
dimensions. Primary dimensions
include the differences which can not be
changed like age, gender, race, etc.
Secondary dimensions include the
variables like income, education,
parental and marital status, etc.
Workforce diversity contributes more
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 29
Received on : 05.09.2018
Revised on : 18.10.2018
Accepted on : 22.11.2018
Abstract
India is the country of diversity in unity. Diversity is differences, variations among
people andunderstanding how people depend on each another, their different
lifestyles, religious beliefs, opinions, etc. Workforce diversity is thevariations
among employees on various parameters like culture, age, gender, ethnicity,
educational background, etc. Employees in an organization consist of various
qualities, experiences different from each another on an individual basis. Everyone
has to go through the diverse environment at each and every step of life whether in
personal life or professional life. Sometimes diversity in professional life is not
optional employees have to adopt the diverse culture willingly or unwillingly which
further enhance employee's skills and abilities. on the other hand, diversity in
organizations also provide ample opportunities like innovative ideas, change in
attitude regarding a particular culture, feeling of cooperation among colleagues
related to different backgrounds. Presence of diversity in an organization is
theevidence that the organization is heterogeneous in terms of workforce. The
major subject matter of this paper is workforce diversity. The study focuses on how
diversi ed workforce is managed in organizations and its impact on the
organization's survival as well as determining how organizations deal with the
challenges that come from a diverse workforce.
Keywords: lifestyles, innovative, workforce.
To Cite: Bakshi, R.D. (2018). Workforce Diversity in Organizations. HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research and Development, 1(1), 29-32.
Title Code: HPENG01196
more creativity in organizations. Competitive strength of the organization, productivity boosts up frequently. More solutions can be offered to customers because of new ideas and methods adopted in the organization. Workforce diversity increases the ef ciency of employees to work more effectively in a competitive manner. Workforce diversity leads to change the working attitude among employees as employees from different backgrounds work collectively with different mindsets having innovative and creative ideas. Workforce diversity opens the doors for the organizations to enter in the global market as there are employees with language diversity in an organization which is familiar with different languages. Workforce diversity is a source of goodwill for the organizations as workforce diversity is evidence that the organization does not involve employment discrimination.
Review of Literature Priscilla Dike (2013) reveals in “The impact of workplace diversity on organizations” that Managers should be prepared to change some part of their company techniques when the diversity management techniques adopted are not working effectively and the vision for change must be communicated effectively. Further, it was mentioned that managers should adopt some change management principles to guide them on the decision making of the change. The researcher also suggested a future study on, “The implications of workplace diversity on employee”. Elizabeth Foma (2014) reported in “Impact of Workplace Diversity” that management is essential in every business which focuses and prioritize diverse hiring due to many bene ts that diversity brings with some minor set backs. Further, it was suggested that each of the different organizations has to create a diversity management plan that is apt and according to their unique needs. Darwin Joseph R. (2015) concluded in “The Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance in Singapore Organisations” that the diversity of all three demographic pro les of the workforce - namely age, gender and ethnicity - does not signi cantly impact the performance of employees. Further, it was concluded that organization culture, human resource practices, nature of work and business strategy of individual rms are different from each other. Aydan Ordu (2016) states in “The effects of diversity management on job satisfaction and individual performance of teachers” that diversity management in educat iona l inst it ut ions and
determination of their performance are based on teachers' perceptions. It was suggested that apart from individual performance, group performance can also be addressed.
Objective To study the impact of workforce diversity in the organization
Need of the Study In today's business era, people are getting more aware of the happenings in their surroundings and this awareness leads to cut throat competition in the corporate sector. Diverse people work in the diverse environment and they have to accept each other's differences. Due to this, there is an urgent need to study the impact of workforce diversity in different organizations.
Scope of the Study The workforce is the key asset of any organization. Workforce Diversit y becomes a challenge for organizations as well it provides ample opportunities for their betterment. People with diverse mind set come with innovative and unique ideas for development; on the other hand, sometimes language barrier and cultural background become a hindrance in organizational growth. Workforce diversity has a wider area to cope up with the study “Workforce Diversity in Organizations” focuses on diverse workforce working in the corporate world in general.
Research Methodology The research basically focused on the impact of workforce diversity on organizations. The research is descriptive in nature. The focus of the study is on various diverse parameters age, gender, cultural and educational background along with bene ts of workforce diversity and challenges faced by organizations due to a diverse workforce. Bene ts of workforce diversity along with challenges faced by organizations due to a diverse workforce.
Discussion The research study reveals employees' differences, similarities, behavior, experiences, etc. These are some of the identi cations which have a direct or indirect impact on their individual performance and organizational performance as well. In this paper, some of the essentials,
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 30
Title Code: HPENG01196
their bene ts, challenges are also considered for providing a valuable outcome.
Diversity on basis of Age In an organization diverse age group, people are working. Most of the time old age people have more experience than the younger ones. They seek more attention because of their working experience and age factor also. on the other hand, youngsters nowadays prefer smart work instead of hard work. Their mind set is quite different from old ones. They focus on implementing their knowledge practically which they gained during studies. Here there is a need to manage the diverse workforce properly so that ultimate goals can be achieved smoothly.
Diversity on basis of Gender Diverse workforce always seeks attention in most of the organizations. Preference of the organizations is smart workers not male and female. Except for some manufacturing units where mostly, male employees are preferred because of hard work. Today's market scenario is different as there is technological upgradation which is not gendered biased. Nowadays, females are evolved as self-dependent which creates a feeling of equality among males and females. Diversity on the basis of Culture India is a nation with diverse cultures which leads to unity in diversity. When it comes to the corporate world every employee work together to achieve the common goal of the organization. Different culture working under one roof elevate mind set of employees which helps in organizational growth and individual growth as well. Simultaneously, sometimes cultural diversity become a challenge for the organizations as people with different mind set give preference to their opinion. Managing diverse cultures is crucial for any organization. The feeling of togetherness is required in any rm, no culture is superior or inferior. Every culture has own positive and negative outlooks which cannot be ignored.
Diversity on the basis of Educational background Education is an essential variable in every organization. People having different educational backgrounds work together to ful ll an organizational goal. Employees work in an effective manner as per their educational level. There must be no biases among employees on the basis of education. Collectively working together with the
different educational background is not always easy, sometimes the attitude of employees having higher education become negative for people having low education or feeling of inferiority occurs among employees with lesser education. Managing all the employees with diverse education is a very typical task but necessary to do to develop an organization positively.
Bene ts of Diversity in Organizations Diversity in the workplace is a valuable asset of any organization. People with a different background, qualities, behavior or any other diverse parameters work collectively to achieve a common goal. A diverse workforce provides valuable output to the organizations. It helps the organization and individual employee as well to enhance skills and abilities which can further be utilized in the similar or different organization at the same time or later on in future. A diverse workforce, provides innovative ideas. Different people having different mindset providing their opinion on the same problem which helps the organization to select the optimum and unique one. In diverse workforce people with different languages works together which can be a valuable asset for any organization. Different languages open the doors for organizations to work globally. It also provides opportunities for employees to learn different languages for their personal growth also. workforce diversity enhances the personal skills of employees as people with different backgrounds work on the same platform which makes them feel a sense of equality which have a direct impact on their work performance and their morale as well.
Challenges of Diversity in organizations Diversity in organizations is very important but as everything comes with two faces diversity also have some negative outcomes along with positive ones. At some points organizations have to face some challenges due to workforce diversity. These challenges become a great hindrance in organizational development. Challenges like communication barrier and resistance to change in organization due to workforce diversity which act as a barrier in routine working of the organization. Employees cannot be able to convey their viewpoints thus a better idea just remained an idea. Technology is upgrading day by day but the mind set of people is not developing at the same speed which leads to resist change. A diverse workforce has various kinds of fears in their mind like
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 31
Title Code: HPENG01196
fear of losing a job, the feeling of inferiority because with the advancement of technology expectations also grows up from the employees which they think they will not be able to perform properly.
Conclusion and Suggestions It can be concluded on the basis of the above study that workforce diversity has been proved as a valuable asset to any organization. More the diverse workforce more diverse will be the organization. A well-managed working environment with diverse mind sets enhances the skills and abilities of employees working together. With increased skills level employees become more ef cient and competitive. Simultaneously there are some drawbacks or challenges which an organization is facing with a diverse workforce like communication barrier, resistance to change, different beliefs and opinions of employees. There is a need to deal with these problems. Therefore, it is suggested that proper diversity training should be provided to the employees and morale of the employee must be up so that they can communicate with each other without any hesitation and changes should be welcomed by the employee. These problems should be tackled at its level best.
References 1. Dike Priscilla (2013) “The impact of workplace diversity on organizations” www.theseus. /bitstream
/handle/10024/63581/Thesisxx.pdf.
2. Foma Elizabeth (2014) “Impact of workplace diversity”Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 3(1)
3. Joseph. R. Darwin (2015) “The Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance in Singapore Organizations”
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273529076
5. Article February 2015. 10.5430/ijba. V6n2p17
6. Ordu Aydan (2016) “The effects of diversity management on job satisfact ion and individual performance of teachers” vol. 11(3), pp. 105-112.10 February, 201610.5897/ERR2015.2573
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 32
Title Code: HPENG01196
Contribution of Private and Public Players in the
Field of Life Insurance Kavita Sharma* & Mukesh Kumar**
Assistant professors
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Authors
Kavita Sharma
Mukesh Kumar
sharma.kavita1005@gmail.com
TIME LAG Introduction:
P r e s e n t l y 2 4 l i f e i n s u r a n c e
playersarepresent in India. Out of
them23 are Private Life Insurance
Corporat ions and one is Public
Insurance Corporation i.e., LIC. The
main purpose of LICs is to share the risk
of human life. It offers unpredictable
and uncertain events such as death, old
age bene t s, occupat ional r isk
protection and safety i.e. theft, accident,
re, earthquake etc. LIC display
various economics exercises like
banking,
manufacturing, t ransportation,
insurance and trading. The Indian
Government allowed up to 49%. Of
FDI. The Insurance sector is divided
into two parts i.e,
1) LIC
2) GIC
Private insurance companies in India
have registered an increase of 26% in
annual new business premium for the
month of May 2016. LIC registered an
increase of 22% (year-on-year). All
insurance companies working under
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 33
Received on : 10.09.2018
Revised on : 24.10.2018
Accepted on : 27.11.2018
Abstract
The underwriter was the rst life insurer to start a life insurance policy on the life
of the merchants, crew and ship owner. WILLIAM GIBBONS was the rst
person who insured for the period of 12 months on 18th June 1583. It has been
con rmed that the Oriental Life Insurance Company is India's rst insurance
company, which was introduced by the European people in Kolkata in 1818. To
regulate the businesslife, as per the guideline of The Indian Life Assurance
Companies Act, 1912, it was the rst legal company. In 1928, the Indian
Insurance Company Act was executed to facilitate the government to collect
statistical information about both LIC and GIC business passed in India by
Indian and foreign insurance companies. In 1938, the rst law was secured and
modi ed by offering the Insurance Act, 1938 with an extensive board for effective
control over the activities of insiders to protect the interests of insurance law. In
1956 the life insurance companies werenationalized name and style Life
Insurance Corporation of India. Total154 Indian, 16 non-Indian insurance
Companies as also 75 provident societies-245 Indian and foreign insurers are
absorbed by The LIC The LIC was the
rst Insurance companywhose monopoly exist till the late 90s when the
Insurance sector was reopened to the private sector.
Key Terms: Growth of LIC, the New policy of LIC, Market Share of LICs
To Cite: Sharma,K.& Kumar,M. (2018). Contribution of Private and Public Players in the Field of Life Insurance.
HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 33-36.
Title Code: HPENG01196
the control of the Insurance Regulatory and Development
Authority of insurance companies in India. All insurance
companies are working in India under the control of
IRDA of India.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To know the development of private and public
players in the eld of Life Insurance.
To analyze the market share of life insurance in India.
To ascertain the claim settlement ratio of the various
insurance sector in India
To understand the LIC 2016s New Life Insurance
Policies.
To consider the leading private life insurance players
in India.
LIMITATION The study is planted on a secondary approach of data. Data is not enough to study. A Limited number of topics were included in the study
MAJOR PRIVATE LIFE INSURANCE PLAYERS IN INDIA There are top 10 private life insurance companies in India. LIC SBI Life Insurance Reliance Nippon life Insurance Company Birla Sun Life Insurance ICICI Prudential Life Insurance ING Vysya Bank TATAAIG Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Max Life Insurance HDFC Life
N E W P O L I C I E S O F L I F E I N S U R A N C E
CORPORATION OF INDIA
The LIC has launched four types of new insurance
policies up to September 2016. The policies names are:
1) Jeevanpragati.
2) JeevanLabh plan.
3) Jeevanshikhar
4) LIC's JeevanAnand
JEEVAN PRAGATI
LIC of India introduced this plan on 3rd
Feb, 2016. It is a
non-linked plan which provides a subsidy support plan. In
this plan at every 5 years during the term policy, death
sum guaranteed undoubtedly increases. This plan no. is
838. The minimum entry age of plan is 12 yrs completed
and maximum age limit is 45. It is a policy of 12-20 years
term and the method of payment is zero on annually, half-
yearly, quarterly and monthly. Under this policy there is
no limit to the maximum basic sum insured but the
minimum basic sum insured is the limit. 1,50,000 Loans
under this scheme can be surrendered after 3 years and
after 3 years of full premium payment.
FEATURES OF JEEVAN PRAGATI PLAN
LIC's Jeevan pragati is a not associated policy which
provides a combination of savings cum protection.
This plan offers the 10 times of the sum assured risk
coverage.
This plan also offers credit facility to their ower
holder.
Its prime award form build upon the age of life sure
and sum assured of wisdom.
JEEVAN LABH
LIC of India introduced Jeevan Labh plan on 4th
Jan. 2016.
This scheme is a not associated scheme with limited
prime paying subsidy plan. This plan no. is 836. The
minimum entry age of plan is 8 yrs completed and
maximum age limit is 59. This 16 (10), 21 (15), 25 (16)
year duration policy and method of payment is annual,
half yearly quarterly and monthly. Under this policy there
is no limit to the maximum basic sum insured but the
minimum basic sum insured is the limit. 2,00,000 Under
this plan, the loan can be surrendered after 3 years and
after 3 years of full premium payment.
FEATURES OF JEEVAN LABH PLAN
This plan provides high returns due to high bonuses
Under this plan prime Payment Less than the maturity
year paid by policyholders.
In case of a child's education and marriage this plan is
more useful.
This plan also provides accident bene t.
Under this premium, the policy report has been
approved by income tax under payment 80C.
Under this fair treatment 10 (10D is tax-free)).
JEEVAN SHIKHAR
Life insurance Corporation launched a de ned time plan
named Jeevan Shikhar. This plan launched in January,
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 34
Title Code: HPENG01196
2016. Its maximum period is 120 days. Its main purpose
was to save the tax. This plan no. is 837. The minimum
entry age of plan is 6 yrs completed and maximum age
limit is 45 years (Nearest birthday). It is a 15 yr term
policy & mode of payment is one time (single premium).
Under this policy, There is no limit to the maximum basic
sum insured but the minimum basic sum insured is the
limit. 1,00,000 in the majority of 20,000 Under this
scheme, after three months and 3 months after loan (70
years of single premium in 1 year, 90% surrendered.
THE FEATURES OF THIS PLAN
This is a single premium plan which covers 10 times
your premium. If your premium is Rs. 2,00,000then
the sum insured will be Rs. 20,00,000.In this plan there
is no maximum limit.
Under this minimum maturity, the sum insured should
be Rs. 1,00,000.
It is acommon funding plan.
JEEVAN ANAND
Jeevan Anand is new plan of LIC. It is a non-linked plan
that strives for a combination of security and savings and
provides nancial protection against death during the
life time of the policy holder. This plan also concerned
the need and liquidity through its loan facility.
THE FEATURES OF THIS PLAN
JeevanAnand provides death bene ts.
in this plan, accidental death and disability bene t is
an inbuilt feature.
Under this, before Policy Maturity Death Bene t is
Sum Assured + accrued Bonus and after Policy
Maturity Death Bene t is only Sum Assured.
Hazardous occupation with additional premium can
be provided to people under this plan.
S o u rc e : w w w. m y i n s u r a n c e c l u b . c o m / l i f e -
insurance/companies/lic-of-india/jeevan-anand
GROWTH OF LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR IN
INDIA 2015-16
According to IRDA, LIC is the world's largest insurance
company in India. Its rst year premium income
increased by 24.7% in 2015-16While SBI is the fastest
growing private life insurance company in India. In the
area of life insurance sector, 24 players eliminated RS
58,286.40 million rupeesNew business premium
collected during the period April 2016-September 2016
According to the ICRA paper, the origin of the
performance of nine insurance companies in India. There
is an expected increase of 12-15% in the nancial year
2016-17, out of which eight in the public sector and one in
the private sector.
IRDA CLAIM SETTLEMENT RATIO IN 2015- 2016
YEAR FOR INSURERS:
In 2015-2016, Max Life Insurance Company has a good
CSR (Claim Settlement Ratio). It can reject 1.5 percent of
the claim claims of 91.5% in only 30 days.
There are pending claims of 4.35% rejection in HDFC
Life Insurance. Pending claims are in 14% and the
prescribed claims are 76% within 30 days.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 35
Title Code: HPENG01196
CONCLUSION
In the improvement of the national economy, the life
insurance players play an important role. To attract their policyholders the private life insurance companies provides numerous new policies. Humans have to face a lot of health problems in the modern competitive term. India's IRDA and LIC should pay attention to presenting new plans to face the health problems of humans from day to day activities. The Life Insurance Corporation of India should educate the importance of insurance to the general public through an agent and corporate social responsibility activity.
REFERENCES [1] www.policybazaar.com [2] www.ibef.org [3] www.irdai.gov.in [4] www.licindia.in
[5] Elements of insurance- Dr.A.Murthy.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 36
Title Code: HPENG01196
Relationship between Education Career Preference and Verbal Intelligence among Senior Secondary School Students Shahina Ansari
Assistant Professor
Himalayan Institute of
Education,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Shahina Ansari
Shanujeet27@gmail.com
TIME LAG
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To compare ve groups of senior
secondary school students exhibiting
different levels of fondness for
Education career with respect to their
mean verbal intelligence.
HYPOTHESIS
Five groups of senior secondary school
students exhibiting different levels of
fondness for Education career will
differ signi cantly with respect to
their mean verbal intelligence.
DELIMITATIONS
The study was delimited in the
following aspect:
The sample was con ned to the
students studying in senior secondary
schools situated in district Sirmour of
Himachal Pradesh.
SAMPLING
In the present study, a sample of 304
s t udent s was drawn f rom ve
Government Senior Secondary Schools
situated in rural and urban areas of
Sirmour District of Himachal Pradesh.
It is worth mentioning that all these
schools followed the curriculum
prescribe by the Himachal Pradesh
Board of School Education. Due to the
paucity of time and limited scope of the
study, the schools were selected on the
basis of convenience. However, it was
observed that the selected schools are
spread over a wider area.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 37
Received on : 12.09.2018
Revised on : 26.10.2018
Accepted on : 30.11.2018
Abstract
An individual selects a vocation for himself. Choosing a vocation is an inevitable event of
modern social life. The present study aimed at studying the relationship of Education
career preference and verbal intelligence of senior secondary school students. To
serve this purpose, a sample of 304 class XII students was drawn from ve
senior secondary schools situated in District Sirmour of Himachal Pradesh.
General Mental Ability Test by Jalota and Career Preference Record by
Bhargava and Bhargava were administered to total sample of 304 students.
To Cite: Ansari, S. (2018). Relationship between Education Career Preference and Verbal Intelligence among Senior
Secondary School Students. HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development , 1(1), 37-39.
Title Code: HPENG01196
were placed under the category “Low Career
Preference”.
The total sample of 304 students was divided into ve
sub-categories indicating their level of fondness for
Education career. The results are given as under :
TOOLS TO BE USED
To collect the requisite data for the present study the
investigator used General Mental Ability Test by Jalota
and Career Preference Record by Bhargava and
Bhargava.
STATISTICS TO BE APPLIED
The techniques of frequency distribution and Analysis of
Variance were used to analyse the data in the present
study.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
General Mental Ability Test by Jalota and Career
Preference Record by Bhargava and Bhargava were
administered to total sample of 304 students. Both the
tools were scored as per the respective manuals and
scores thus obtained were tabulated for further analysis.
The analysis and interpretation of the data were carried
out in the manner detailed below:
The students were placed under different career
preference categories as per the criteria are given in the
manual of the test. The details of this categorization are
given below:
A. The students who scored 18-20 for a particular
career were placed under the category “High Career
Preference”.
B. The students who scored 14-17 for a particular
career were placed under the category “Above
Average Career Preference”.
C. The students who scored 7-13 for a particular career
were placed under the category “Average Career
Preference”.
D. The students who scored 4-6 for a particular career
were placed under the category “Below Average
Career Preference”.
E. The students who scored 0-3 for a particular career
These ve groups of students were compared with
respect to their mean scores on verbal intelligence.
Before applying the statistical technique of
ANOVA, all the ve groups were equated in terms of N.
Since, the minimum number of students falling in sub-
category `Low' was 31, 30 students from each of the ve
categories were selected randomly. Thus
the total sample for the purpose of studying relationship
of Education career preference with verbal intelligence
through ANOVA came out to be 150. The means for the
groups of students falling under abovementioned ve
sub-categories on the variable of Verbal Intelligence are
given below :
Table presents the results of Analysis of Variance for
ve groups of senior secondary school students
exhibiting different levels of fondness for Education
career in respect of their scores on Verbal Intelligence.
Table : Results of Analysis of Variance for ve
groups of senior secondary school students
exhibiting different strengths for Education career
preference in respect of their scores on Verbal
Intelligence
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 38
* Not Signi cant at 0.05 level of con dence
Table: The distribution of the sample
Title Code: HPENG01196
It is revealed from Table that F-value came out to be 0.24
which is not signi cant at 0.05 level of con dence.
This indicates that ve groups of senior secondary
school students exhibiting different levels of fondness
for Education career do not differ signi cantly with
respect to their mean scores on Verbal Intelligence.
Hence, the hypothesis that “Five groups of senior
secondary school students exhibiting different levels of
fondness for Education career will differ significantly
with respect to their mean verbal intelligence” was
rejected.
Hence, it may be said that senior secondary school
students possess more or less similar level of verbal
intelligence irrespective of their level of fondness for
Education career.
CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY
The present study deals with the relationship of career
preference and verbal intelligence among senior
secondary school students. The ndings of the present
study indicates that Senior secondary school students
possess more or less similar level of verbal intelligence
irrespective of their level of fondness for Education
career.
REFERENCES
1. Ansari, M.A.; Rehana; Krishna, K.P. and Ahmed, I.
( 1984 ) . Psychodynamics of Occupat ional
Preferences and Values. Indian Psychological
Review, 26 (1), pp. 16-22.
2. Barnett, Rosaland C. (1975). Sex Differences and
Age Trends in Occupational Preferences and
Occupational Prestige. Journal of Counselling
Psychology, 22 (1), pp. 35-38.
3. Bhatnagar, Harmohan ( 1982 ) . A Study of
Occupational Choices of Adolescent Girls and
Factors Influencing them. Unpublished Ph.D.
Thesis. Department of Education, Himachal Pradesh
University, Shimla (H.P.), India, pp. 402-403.
4. Bogie, Donald W. (1976). Occupational Aspiration-
Expectation Discrepancies Among High School
Seniors. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 24 (3), pp.
250-255.
5. Coleman, C.S. (1985). Career Expectations and
Aspirations of Male High School Seniors in the
Republic of Korea , Dissertation Abstract
International, University of southern California, pp.
3329- A.
6. Land, Kenneth C. (1971). The Self Re exing Act
and the Att itude Formation Process.
American Sociological Review, Vol. 36, No.6, pp.
1085-1098.
7. Mehta, Perin H. and Juneja, Swadesh (1969). Birth
Order, Vocational Preference and Vocational
Expectation. Indian Journal of Psychology, 44, pp.
57-70.
8. Pradhan, Nityananda (1995). Vocational Interest of
Higher Secondary Girl Students in Relation to Their
Stream of Study. The Progess of Education, Vol.
LXX (4), pp. 78-80.
9. Siegfried, W.D.; Macfarlane, I.; Graham, D.R.;
Moore, N. A. and Young, P. L. ( 1981 ) . A
R examination of Six Differences in Job Preferences.
Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 18, pp. 30-42.
10. Tara, P. (1980). A Study of Self-Concept, Level of
Aspiration and Interests among Pre-Adolescents of
Various Socio-Economic Groups. Unpublished
Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Psychology, BH
University.
11. Thorndike, E.L. et.al. (1927). The Measurement of
Intelligence, Bureau of Publications, Teacher's
College, Columbia University.
12. Walia, J.S. (2011). The Learner and Teaching-
Learning Process. Jalandhar: Ahim Paul Publishers,
p. 243.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 39
Title Code: HPENG01196
ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ROLE OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA Shallu Dhiman
Assistant Professor
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Shallu Dhiman
email2shalludhiman@gmail.com
TIME LAG
INTRODUCTION Entrepreneurship is not restricted to business and pro t. But in actual "Entrepreneurship involves bringing about change to achieve some bene t. This bene t may be nancial but it also involves the satisfaction of knowing you have changed something for the better”. There are so many pull factors that attract the individual to go through entrepreneurship as a career option.
It includes the high need for inter- dependence, to get a high nancial reward, opportunity to deal with each and every aspect of the business. Problems like lack of knowledge, raising funds, product problem, dealing with competition, liquidity etc. also faced by entrepreneurs. Today, it is important for the entrepreneur business owners and marketers to understand how to in uence and educate the
potential customers through proper Mass communicative tools. Thanks to the internet and social media through which entrepreneurs were able to communicate and inform the potential customers with the very effective way so that they will consciously look after the products and services provided by the entrepreneurs to the general public for their betterment.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE According to one of the News of August 2017 published by Harpreet Singh Dua in “ Economic times “. Traditional media like Newspaper, Radio, and TV were taken as effective ways to reaching out to a large Audience but still Proper interaction cannot possible through traditional media. Because of Real-time responsiveness also very dif cult in Traditional Media.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 40
Received on : 14.09.2018
Revised on : 29.10.2018
Accepted on : 30.11.2018
Abstract
This paper examines the role of the internet and social media in the
entrepreneurship. It is a globally accepted fact that through the Internet and social
media people were able to interact with so many people at a time. As well as they can
easily share their ideas information and learn lots of new ways of doing business.
The purpose of this paper to discuss the platform and social networking sites where
a new idea can generate which leads to Innovate something new and share for the
development of the economy and increase the goodwill of product and services
provided by entrepreneurs.Hence this paper evaluates how social media boost
entrepreneurship and how different social media platforms help marketers and
entrepreneurs to interact with target customers.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Social – Media, Internet, Social Networking sites.
To Cite: Dhiman, S. (2018). Entrepreneurship: Role of Internet and Social Media. HGPI International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 40-42.
Title Code: HPENG01196
On the other hand, with the help of social media, it becomes easy to personally communicate, Personal- isation broadcast messages.
Eunice Mukolwe (2016) Reported in his work “ Social Media and Entrepreneurship tools bene t and Challenges – A case study of women online Entrepreneurs on kilimani Mums Marketplace on Facebook“ that Social media gives women entrepreneurs an opportunity to connect in a very personal and meaningful way with their customers. According to him, however, it is only social media that allows consumers to participate and propagate their views. Research suggested that one should conscious about the social media strategy and analyse that which media best work for the business.
This Present paper studied Different social media
platforms which contribute for entrepreneurs in growing
their Business.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The Objective of this paper is to discuss and study the
signi cance of the internet and social media in
entrepreneurship. How Different Social Networking sites
gave their valuable contribution in Marketing activities,
Engagement with the customers and audience, boosting
sales Etc.
MAJOR HYPOTHESIS INCLUDES
While collecting data and going through research it is
assumed that:-
1) Every age group persons are active on social media and they know how to sur ng the internet.
2) Internet and social media is the mean of fast sharing of information compared to any other mean.
RESEARCH METHODLOGY
Data and information collected for this paper are
descriptive in nature. Secondary sources like magazines,
newspaper, books were taken into consideration at the
time of collecting data. Journals and various other
publications also gave their valuable contribution to this
paper.
R O L E O F I N T E R N E T A N D S O C I A L
NETWORKING SITES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Social media provide great marketing opportunities to the
entrepreneurs. Gradually through the internet and social
media entrepreneurship is converted into “Netpreneur-
ship”. Where the people who make or deliver products
and services for and over digital network. Netpreneurship
is basically a small startup which is solely online internet
based and where there is no physical of ce. In this
website, blog, e- presence is their only of ce. Well, the
internet is as powerful as oxygen. Now it becomes very
easy for the idea generators to make their idea
implemented ef ciently. Here are some of the Social
Networking sites as under
1) LinkedIn: LinkedIn, is one of the professional
business related site, this networking site allows
companies and individual creators to create
professional pro les. So that they can contact the
people having same professions or any other.
2) Google+: Google+ is also one of the internet based
social network. It includes hangouts, communities,
YouTube, Google search, Google, Gmail and also
many others. In entrepreneurship, one can encourage
Review from customers and clients on google+.
YouTube is also one of the second largest search
engines in the world. which helps the entrepreneurs
to promote their business and product through
different-different channels or by creating their own
Channels. Here entrepreneurs can also promote their
business through ads.
3) Twitter: It is a Microbloging service. In which users
can follow each other and post or “tweet" a message
but there is a limit that maximum it may be 140
characters. It helps entrepreneurs to contact or reach
a global audience for a very small cost. And
sometimes it's free. It also provides service to
promote and sell the brand. On this platform,
entrepreneurs can see the response and also what
customers really feel about their brand and product
4) Pinterest: Pinterest is launched in March 2010,
Pinterest is a relative newcomer in the social media
arena. This platform include digital bulletin board
where business can pin their content .Half of all US
millennial use Pinterest. One can create a Pinterest
business account rather than a personal account. If
entrepreneurs have their personal account then they
can convert it into a business account. Here
entrepreneur can look for seeking out ideas for the
products and other means product.
5) Facebook: It is also one of the social networking Site.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 41
Title Code: HPENG01196
With its help entrepreneurs can simply getting their
business in front of their target audience. One can
connect with large number of potential customers
and get knowledge regarding the other competitor
actions also. Entrepreneurs can create pages related
to their business and promote their business through
this networking site. In March 2018 Facebook is the
number one of the top 10 social media sites. Whether
the entrepreneur's goal is brand awareness, online
conversation, idea generation, Facebook is helpful in
reaching the goal of used properly.
6) Instagram: It is also one of the visual platform, As
one can publish posts like photos and videos. It is
based on the concept that “showing is better than
telling”.
There are many other networking sites where
entrepreneurs can make their business grow .and they can
advertise their products also to attract more and most
potential customers.
B E N E F I T S O F S O C I A L M E D I A I N
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Here are some of the bene ts of social media in
entrepreneurship.
1) A Special role in idea generation and analysis.
2) Helpful in increasing popularity.
3) Humanize the brand.
4) Helpful in increasing website Traf c.
5) Engagement with the customer and audience.
6) Helpful in KYC.
7) Helpful in keeping eye on target or potential
customer.
8) Awareness about competitors.
9) Monitoring the result.
10) Analysis of feedback and reviews.
11) Know new business opportunities and competitive
analysis.
CHALLENGES FACED BY ENTREPRENEURS
W H I L E U S I N G S O C I A L M E D I A I N
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Internet and social media make it very easy for everyone
to access information and get knowledge regarding
different products and services available to them. But
still, entrepreneurs have to face many problems while
promoting their product and services through social
media. Entrepreneurs have to face every type of
customers. Sometime they have to face negative
comments, Complaints on social media which have a
negative impact on the other customers also. In such case
sometime loss of potential customer also can be possible.
And most of the people still using social media for
communication purpose, not for purchasing and product
knowledge orientation. Good internet connectivity is also
very important for this which is the biggest issue in some
areas. Negative social media posts also have negative
Impact.
CONCLUSION
Social media gives an opportunity to the entrepreneurs to
link with potential customers. Because it is social media
that allows general public and the customer to share their
views and participate freely. It is also true that only
through social media entrepreneurs can't make their
business run and successful. There are many other factors
also which in uences success. But still it is suggested
that entrepreneurs should not avoid using something
new and should encourage the public to give their
genuine contribution and participation.
REFERENCES
1. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/blog.hootsuite.com/social-
media-for-business/amp/
2. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.entrepreneur.com/a
mphtml/284178
3. https://www.lyfemarketing.com/blog/importance-social-
media-business/
4. https://www.business2community.com/google-plus/7-
reasons-using-google-business-01126869/amp
5. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/m.economictimes.com/sm
all-biz/sme-sector/power-of-social-media-a-win-win-
m a r k e t i n g - s t r a t e g y - f o r - s m e s / a m p _ a r t i c l e s h o w
/60231774.cms
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 42
Title Code: HPENG01196
E-way Bill Bhawana Arora
Assistant Professor
Himalayan Institute of
Management,
Kala Amb, H.P, India
Corresponding Author
Bhawana Arora
bhawana.arora07@gmail.com
TIME LAG
Introduction E-way bill is an electronic Permit of Transport at ion of goods. I t i s mandatory by the Government under Section 68 under the Rule of 138 of the Goods and Services Tax Act. It is charged when the value of goods for Consignment exceeding 50,000 ( fty thousand rupees). The consignor or consignee is responsible for the generation of an e-way bill. For the registration of e-way bill rstly registered under GST Common Portal (www.gst.gov.in).After the registration of GST go to the portal of an e-way bill ( www. ewaybil lgst . gov.) Inusing GSTIN. Once GSTIN is entered, the system sends an OTP to his registered mobile number, registered with GST Portal and after authenticating the same, the system enables him to generate his/ her username and
password for the e-way bill system.
Objectives The objective of my study is to
understand the basic concept of the e-way bill.
To analysis how it is connected with GST.
To understand the online process forlling the E-way bill.
Parties involved in E-way bill Consignor: A person who sends the
goods. Consignee: A person who receive the
goods. Transporter:A Middleman who
provides atransportation/ Vehicle to deliver the goods from consignor to consignee. It plays an important role in E-way bill. Without Transporter ID , E-way bill
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 43
Received on : 17.09.2018
Revised on : 31.10.2018
Accepted on : 30.11.2018
Abstract
After the GST new Phenomenon was launched on 1stApril 2018. It has destination
based approach. It is used to monitor the movements of goods from consignor or
consignee through online mode. It is applicable for transportation by Rail, Road, Air
or Ship. There are many ways to ll the E-way bill by using Web-based system,
by SMS,by Android App, by Bulk generation, by Site-to-Site integration; by
GSP (Goods and Services Tax Suvidha Provider)In this Paper I am discussing
theWeb based system. This research paper is completely informative because
maximum people are not aware of what is actually E-way bill and how it works. Its
advantages are more than their Drawbacks.
Keywords: Consigner, Consignee, Vehicle, GST, Goods, Movements
To Cite: Arora, B. (2018). E-way Bill. HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development,
1(1), 43-46.
Title Code: HPENG01196
is not Exist. He is responsible for providing the full detail
of regarding the vehicle to Government. Earlier for any
consignment transporter was free from everything.
Web Address that is required to ll E-way bill:
www.gst.gov.in
www.ewaybillgst.gov
E-way bill Registration& its related problem:
For registration of E-way bill user should register them
on Portal of www.ewaybillgst.gov and user will get
username and password.
Whenever User has the problem for online access with
incorrect username and password. Click the 'Forgot
Username' or 'Forgot Password' option on the portal
.for the password reenter the username or create a new
password or change the new password.
The user needs to enter some details after
authenticating the same via an OTP, and then user will
be provided with the username and password.
Sometimes the user has to face the problem of 'Your
account has been frozen”
It means that GSTIN has been de-activated in the GST
Common Portal.User need to GSTIN under “search
taxpayer” tab.
If theincorrect username and password accessfor more
than 5 times. Your login Id will be blocked.After a few
minutes it will be unblocked.
Sometimes the user can access the GST portal but
cannot access the e-way bill portal. For this user can
log in to https://selfservice.gstsystem.in/.
Validity of the E-way bill:
GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network) will
generate e-way bills that will be valid for one to 15
days.
The Validity of the e-way bill depends upon the
distance the goods from consignor to the consignee.
1 day Permit has been provided for a distance up to 100
km.
15 days Permit has been allowed more than 1,000 Km.
If the Over Dimensional Cargo vehicles, for every 20
KMs or part of its movement, one day validity is
provided.(Over Dimensional Cargo means a cargo
carried as a single indivisible unit and which exceeds
the dimensional limits prescribed in rule 93 of the
Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 made under the
Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.)
Validity expires on the midnight of last day. Ex: 12:00
am.
Unique E- way bill number generated that works as a
Permit.
The e-way bill can be canceled within 1 day or 24
hours from the time of generation by the consignor.
The e-way bill can be canceled within 3 days or 72
hours from the time of generation by the consignee.
Types of Transaction:
E-way Bill has two main components. Inter-State or Intra
State. Currently inter state work is going on. New
guidelines for intrastate are introduced in Delhi from
16thJune 2018.Odisha was to rst state who is selected
for intrastate E-way bill on trail bases on 23rd
may 2018.
In the Intra States Maharashtra, Manipur, Lakshadweep,
Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Dadar & Nagar Haveli, Andaman and Nicobar from 25th may 2018.
Documents that need to be carried at the time of
movement of goods:
Invoice/Bill
Packaging list ( not compulsory)
Bill of supply
Delivery challan/Receipt
Process for Registration:
Following Details are compulsory for ling the
Registration of E-way bill:
GSTIN of Recipient
Challan Date
Challan Number
The user need E-way bill Number
Date of Delivery
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 44
Title Code: HPENG01196
HSN number
Value of goods
Place of delivery
Reason for Transportation etc.
HSN number: Harmonized System of Nomenclature. It is
a six digit code. Different types of organization
havedifferent HSN code. For export and Import 8 digit
HSN code is used. For Example: for Food Industry HSN
code is: 2106.
Part A is lled by the transporter and adds some detail
like transporter Id, Vehicle Number etc. It is a
temporary Number. After Part A it entered into Part –B
with some additional Information. After Part –B E-way
bill is generated. If you don't enter the accurate vehicle
number for transportation by road or transport
document number for other cases, the system will show
only the PART-A slip Because of this it cannot create
PART –B. E-Way bill is uncompleted until Part A or
Part B is not lled. After completing the full detail in
both the parts parties can take printout.
Vehicle Entry:
When ever ll the vehicle number in the portal follow
the following table.
Not Required for:
For the movement of empty cargo containers
If the Mode of transportation is a non-motor vehicle
If the movement of goods under Customs seal
If the movement of goods which are in transit from
Nepal/Bhutan.
If the goods move by Railways when consignor
belongs to Central, State or local Government
Advantages of E-way Bill:
Save tons of paper.
Easy to track the goods with the online mechanism.
Timely goods are delivered.
Surprise audit of Vehicles that creates the fear of
honesty.
Time saved of transporters no need to wait in barriers
of states/checkpoint.
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 45
Part-A
Part-B
Title Code: HPENG01196
Helps to Connect the detail with GSTR-1.
Quick and Easy Registration process.
The user can create sub-user.
Smother tax administration.
Drawbacks:
Any wrong entry cannot be Edited or corrected.
For any wrong entry, user has to cancel the E-way bill
and generate a new one.
Time Consuming.
Wrong detail of Vehicle Number will not access your
E-way bill.
Problem with the entry of Vehicle Number.
When Bill to (order place) and ship to (delivery point)
column in form are not clearly lled.
Conclusion:
At last, Iconclude that E-way bill is very important for
every organization. Its new online method to reduce paper
work and also reduce the burden of Government
Expenditure. It replaces the VAT and CST. Yet many
amend mentsare going on. It will automatically be
lled with GSTR-1. GSTR-1 is based on outward
supply. May be Next year it is connected with GSTR-2.
Refrence:
1.https://ewaybill.nic.in/
2.https://ewaybill.nic.in/Account/Enrolment.aspx
3. https://abcaus.in/gst/e-way-bill-system-objectives-
bene ts-modes-of-generation.html
4. http://www.gstforumindia.in/question/what-are-the-
advantages-of-e-way-bill/
HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 46
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HGPI Title Code: HPENG01196
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Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018
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