hgpi internationall journall off - Himalayan Group

Title Code: HPENG01196 ISSN: : 2582-5968

HGPI IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL JJOOUURRNNAALL OOFF

MULTIIIDIIISCCCIPPPLIIINAAARRRY RREESSEEAARRCCHH AANNDD DDEEVVEELLOOPPMMEENNTT

Volume 1 Issue 1 December 2018

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International Journal of Multidisciplinary

Research & Development

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MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana

Dr. Vijaya Kumar Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit,

Kerala – 683574

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A peer-Reviewed Journal for multidisciplinary Research among Professionals

Vol 1 Issue 1

CONTENTS December 2018

Sr. No. Articles Page No.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES OF APPLE PRACTICED IN 1

HIMACHAL PRADESH - Dr. Kiran Chanda

DEMONETIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN ECONOMY 7

- Mukesh Kumar

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT : A FUTURISTIC APPROACH 13

- Deepika Kohli Yadav

A SURVEY PAPER ON BIG DATA ANALYTICS AND HADOOP 17

- Er. Ritu Aggarwal | Er. Pravesh Rani

CHALLENGES FOR HORTICULTURE INDUSTRY IN HIMACHAL 24

PRADESH - Dr. Kiran Chand | Prof. Kulbhushan Chandel

WORKFORCE DIVERSITY IN ORGANIZATIONS 29

- Rahul Dev Bakshi

CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PLAYERS IN THE 33

FIELD OF LIFE INSURANCE - Kavita Sharma | Mukesh Kumar

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION CAREER PREFERENCE 37 AND VERBAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY

SCHOOL STUDENTS - Shahina Ansari

ENTREPRENEURSHIP : ROLE OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL 40

MEDIA - Shallu Dhiman

E-WAY BILL - Bhawana Arora 43


Title Code: HPENG01196

Promotional Strategies of Apple Producers Practiced in

Himachal Pradesh Dr. Kiran Chanda

Assistant Professor Himalayan Institute of Management, Kala Amb, H.P, India

Corresponding Author Kiran Chanda [email protected]

TIME LAG

Introduction:

Himachal grows diverse varieties of

fruits from tropical to temperate which

help in the economic up-liftment of the

r u r a l e c o n o m y b y g e n e r a t i n g

employment and revenue to the rural

population. Himachal Pradesh is

bestowed endowed with plenty of

natural resources with diverse agro-

climat ic condit ions suitable for

horticulture development. Shimla

district has occupied a place of pride in

the eld of horticulture followed by

Kullu and Kinnaur district. It is the

biggest producer of quality fruits like

Apple, Plum, Peach, and Pear etc. but,

the apple constitutes one of the most

signi cant and widely grown fruits of

the state. Approximately 90 percent of

the total apple produce is exported to

the distant markets of the country. More

importance is given on cultivation of

horticulture crop in Himachal Pradesh.

Where cultivation is mainly done on

narrow terraces and the scope for

ef cient use of land in these hilly

areas is limited. The extraordinary

progress in this eld is because of the

congenial agro-climatic condition of

the state. The market structure of these

fruits is going through a lot of changes

to building market ing l inkages in

terms of obtaining a pro table

market. However, it also considered

that the high transportation cost,

lack of storage facilities, loss of

productive soil through urban

encroachment, low productivity,

high labour cost, climate changes,

diseases in apple trees and exploitation

by middlemen.

HGPI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT | December 2018 | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 1

Received on : 03.08.2018

Revised on : 20.09.2018

Accepted on : 24.10.2018

Abstract

Horticulture is the mainstay in Himachal Pradesh for the development of the

majority of the population in the state. Due to its comparative advantage, it is

proved, the most remunerative and pro table to the number of Himachal farmers

as it improves their economic condition. But the production and marketing of

horticulture are undergoing continuous changes globally. Himachal can hold up the

competition only by increasing productivity along with due promotional activities

so that the apple produced in Himachal Pradesh can be competitive in the market.

Concerted efforts are needed to improve the present status of promotional activities

adopted by growers in the state. The present study focuses on the promotional

strategies increase in production and marketing of apple in Himachal Pradesh.

Key Words: Horticulture, Apple, Himachal Pradesh, Promotion.

To Cite: Chanda,K. (2018). Promotional Strategies of Apple Practiced in Himachal Pradesh. HGPI International

Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 1-6.



Review Literature :

Mehta Piyush, Thakur Rajesh Kumar & Chauhan

Sachin (2013) revealed in “Production and marketing of

apple fruit crop-A study premise to Shimla district of

Himachal Pradesh” that the climate of dry temperate

region of Himachal Pradesh is suitable for growing fruits

like apple, pear, plum, apricot and peach. Royal delicious

variety of apple was considered as favourable variety of

apple due to its high production and marketing

value.Nandeshwar, N.S., Jagannath, P. T. and

Shashikumar, M. (2013) in their study on “Economics of

production and marketing of vegetables in Akola district”

revealed that vegetable cultivation is labour intensive and

requires high capital investment and is high pro t

giving enterprise in net shade condition but the growers'

faces many problem during production and marketing

like high cost of inputs, losses due to climatic changes,

uncertainty of prices, disease and pest attacks. They

suggested that to improve grading and

standardization of produce remunerative prices

should be paid to the farmers. The market should be

well organised and regulated. The government should

come forward and set up well equipped storage for

vegetables, and also technical guidance should be

provided by the agriculture department.Malik, A.

Z. (2014) in his paper on “Horticulture Growth

Trajectory Evidence in Jammu and Kashmir (A lesson

for Apple Industry in India)” reported that horticulture is

an important economic sector and a big number of

population thrives on it and their economic standard get

affected by any change in the corresponding sector.

There is a need of adopting appropriate

technologies, research extensions forproduction of apple

crops like other states to develop the apple industry in

Kashmir valley.He concluded thatthe government should

provide support for introducing Adani Agri-fresh like

private agencies in J&K for development of the apple

industry. Moreover, the development of sustainable

production, value addition and quality control system for

fruits of J&K should also be emphasised. Further, he

suggested that there should be a system to harness skill by

using the modern technology based on this and to enhance

the horticulture sector to ensure development in the state.

Objectives of the study:

To study the promotional strategies adopted by apple

growers.

Rationale of the study:

The hills of Himachal provide natural zones for the

production of apples. Horticulture provides new

opportunities and has a vast scope in the state. Fruit

production is seasonal and the produce is perishable in

nature. As apple is the main cash crop of the state growing

in Shimla, Kullu and Kinnaur districts etc. Shimla ranks

rst in horticulture production. It has occupied the

signi cant place in the horticulture sector in Himachal

Pradesh followed by Kullu, and Kinnaur districts.Due to

the commercialization of agriculture and horticulture in

the districts people have become aware of the basic need

of education. Because of less education, they are not

aware of modern marketing techniques used in

promotional activities. Horticulture produce in Himachal

has good marketing demand in the country. The overall

picture at the state level would conceal a wide variety of

experience. Horticulture has a tremendous scope in the

state. It helps to increase the economic growth of the state.

The present study aims at analyzing the existing state of

horticulture produce and also to identify the promotional

strategies practiced by apple growers in Himachal

Pradesh. As horticulture industry is slowly moving from

traditional agriculture enterprise to corporate sector. It

could be only possible if the problems exiting in apple

production and marketing are identi ed and eliminated.

Moreover, the further growth of horticulture industries

and its sustainability will largely depend on the marketing

strategies; strong sport of basic and strategic marketing

research only enable rapid growth of horticulture

produce.

Scope of the study:

The present study is restricted to the three districts of

Himachal Pradesh i.e. Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur. The

district under study is selected by taking into

consideration the largest producers of horticulture

produce from 2012 to 2015. The data is collected through

a structured questionnaire. The major thrust is given to

thepromotional strategies adopted by apple growers in

Himachal Pradesh.

Research Methodology:

Keeping in view of the set objectives, the research design

for the study is of primary and secondary nature. An

emphasis is placed on gathering rst hand information

with the help of a structured questionnaire.



And secondary data from different news articles, Books

and Web site were used which were enumerated and

recorded.The collected data has been presented

statistically with the help of three point scale and zero

order correlation.

Interpretation:

ROLE OF ADVERTISING IN MARKETING STRATEGIES: AN ANALYSIS

Promotion is the communication link between sellers and

buyers for the purpose of in uencing, informing or

persuading a potential buyer's decision. It is one of the

four elements of the marketing mix. It is a vital element of

marketing because it brings to the knowledge of

customers the product and price. In case of apple

marketing, responsibility of promotion lies on the

growers with a view to ensure a guaranteed quality in an

appropriate pack and place at an affordable price, coupled

with relevant publicity or advertising. Table 1 evaluated

the role of advertising in marketing strategy. When,

building the image of producers is evaluated, the mean

score of the said factor is higher than the standard mean

score, (3.1040) which explains that the opinions of

respondents are more towards higher side. The negative

value of skewness and kurtosis is platykurtic which

con rms the above results. Further, the signi cant chi

square value at 5 percent level of signi cance proves

that distribution is not equally distributed and holds the

fact that promotion builds the image of producers which

is bene cial for the orchardists. Similarly, the role of

other

factors, to increase the pro ts re ect mean score

2.7720 which is higher than the standard mean

score.This shows that the opinion of the respondent is

more towards the higher side. Moreover, the negative

value of skewness and kurtosis is platykurtic. Whereas,

the chi- square value is signi cant at ve percent of

signi cance. It proves that distribution is not equally

distributed. The negative value of skewness further

supports the fact that the opinion of respondents is

more towards the higher side. Furthermore, the

other factors are to compete withother growers, to

enhance the buyers satisfaction. The mean score of said

bene ts arrived at 5 point Likert scale is (3.0440 and

3.1060 respectively) which is greater than the standard

mean score, which explains that the opinions of

respondents are bent towards higher side. The negative

value of skewness and kurtosis is platykurtic which

con rms the above results. Further, the signi cant chi-

square value at 5 percent level of signi cance proves

that distribution is not equally distributed and holds the

fact that the above factors play an important role in

designing marketing strategy. Thus, it can be

concluded that advertising /publicity play a vital role in

apple marketing. In case of apple advertising, personal

selling is done. Personal selling is the only medium

through which growers sell their produce in the market.

But the role of personal selling is very important in the

apple market. Personal selling is the process whereby

the seller or his representative ascertains and activates

the needs or wants of the buyer and satis es the same

to the mutual advantage of both the buyer and seller.

Table 1 Role of Advertising in Formulating Marketing Strategies: An Analysis

Note: Figure in parenthesis depicts percentage.

Source: Data collected through questionnaire.



Subsequently, an attempt has been made to ascertainthe

relationship promotional strategy and bene ts/

objectives the various objectives while formulating

promotional strategies by applying zero order

correlation.The promotional objective can be

classi ed according to the aim: toinform, persuade,

remind or reinforce. Table 2 exhibits the different

objectives of the promotional strategy. The different

objectives evaluated are to build an image of producers,

to increase the pro ts, to compete with other growers

and to enhance the buyer's

satisfaction.It reveals that all the factors evaluated present

a signi cant relationship at 1 percent level of

signi cance. It con rms that the most important

objective of promotion is to compete with other

growers and to increase the pro ts.Theprimary objective

of orchardists is to persuade buyers to comparative

evaluation of produce, which explicitly two or more

produce. Therefore, the vital objective of such an effort

is to create a difference in the mind of buyers regarding

the produce.

Table 2 Role of Advertising in Marketing Strategies: Zero Order Correlation Matrix

** Correlation is signi cant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).


Bene ts of Promotional Strategy: An analysis

After examining the role of publicity in apple marketing,

it has been ascertained that while practicing promotional

strategy whether the orchardists availed any bene ts to

enhance its future performance, the responses of

orchardists were analysed by considering the below listed

parameters as presented in table 3. The results revealed

that the mean score of all the variables under study

namely building buyers loyalty,promote brand loyalty,

stimulate buying behavior and counter competition is less

than standard mean score which convey that responses

bent more towards the lower side. Moreover the positive

values of skewness also determine that the opinions of the

respondents are skewed more towards higher side. This

means that the orchardists do not assess the reliability of

practicing promotional strategies for pro t

maximization. The signi cant value of chi-square

denotes that distribution is not normally distributed.

Whereas, the values of kurtosis are platykurtic

regarding above mentioned parameters.Thus, the above

analysis re ects that the orchardists do not take up

promotional strategy at a large scale. It has been observed

that in apple marketing, the orchardists adopt only

personal selling. The commercialisation of apple is

not yet started and scarcities of funds also proved an

obstacle to orchardists in enhancing promotional

strategy and expand marketing activities.



Table 3 Bene t Derived by Promotional Strategy: An Analysis

Note: Figure in parenthesis depicts percentage.


Conclusion and Suggestions:

Promotional strategies help a marketer to gain a

competitive edge. Promotional activities always attempt

to affect knowledge, attitude, preferences and behaviour

of buyer it is all about the products have wanted satisfying

capabilities. The researcher found that the role of

advertising /publicity in promotional strategy,play a vital

role in apple marketing. In case of apple advertising,

growers adopt personal selling. Personal selling is the

only medium through which growers sell their produce in

the marketing. But the role of personal selling is very

important in the apple market. Personal selling is the

process whereby the seller or his representative ascertains

and activates the needs or wants of the buyer and

satis es the same to the common advantage of both the

buyer and seller. The analysis also reveals that

advertising is done to build an image of producers, to

increase pro t and to compete with other growers and at

last to enhance buyers' satisfaction. The

commercialisation of apple is not yet started and

scarcities of funds also proved an obstacle to

orchardists in enhancing promotional strategy and

expand marketing activities. Further, it is suggested that

the commercialisation of apple in necessary and due

promotional strategies should be adopted in the apple

production and marketing so that the competitiveness of

Himachal apple can be increased.

Future Scope

Promotional strategies are very crucial for apple

market ing study can be undertaken regarding

promotional activities practiced by apple growers and

what kind of promotional activities should be introduced

to make apple production more revenue generating.

References:

Swarup R. and Sikka B.K. (1987) “Production and

Marketing of Apples”- An Economic study in

Himachal Pradesh –Mittal Publication New Delhi.

Azad K.C, Swarup R and Sikka B.K (1988)

“Horticultural Development in Hill Areas- A Study

of Himachal Pradesh” – Mittal Pub. New Delhi.

Kaushik K.K and Karol Sanju (2006) “Apples, Risk

and Sustainability: Explorations in Supply” –

Response in Himachal Pradesh – Dept. Of

Economics (ICDEOL) H.P.U.

Vaidy C.S (2006) “Diversi cation of Rural

Livelihood Strategies” A Study of Economics,

Gender and Natural



Resources Dimensions of Hort iculture in

and stress management, vol 4 (4) page no 610-613.

Himachal- Agro Economic Research Centre H.P.U Lokesh, Singh Hira ( 2014 ) revealed in

Kumar Suresh (2006) “Impact of WTO on “Horticulture Development in Himachal Pradesh:

Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh- Dept. Of An Empirical Analysis” European Academic

Economics H.P.U. Research, vol, 2, issue 5.

Singh and Singh (1997) “Horticulture in India: 1 Mehta, P. , Thakur, R. K., Chauhan, S.

Production Marketing and processing” Indians Journal (2013).Production and Marketing of Apple fruit

of Marketing Vol XXX No. 2. crop-A study premise to Shimla District of

Nadda, Prashar & Sharma (1998) “Dynamics of Himachal Pradesh, Indian International Journal of

Marketing system- A study of Himachal Apple” Bio- Resource and Stress Management.,04(04):

Indian Journal of Agriculture Economics, vol 53, 610-613

No3, pp 410. Nandeshwar, N.S., Jagannath, P. T., Shashikumar,

Rawat Vikram Singh (2009) revealed in “Needed, a M. (2013).Economics of Production and Marketing

support structure for apple”Himavani- A voice of of vegetables in Akola District Global Journal of

Himachal citizen initiative. Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences.,02 (2): 78-

Bhat Javid (2012) Problem of apple marketing vol 82.

no.1 issue no. 6 ISSN 2277-1166 Mehta Piyush, 13 Malik, A. Z. (2014). Horticulture Growth Trajectory

Thakur Rajesh Kumar & Chauhan Sachin (2013) Evidence in Jammu and Kashmir (A lesson for Apple

“Production and marketing of apple fruit crop-A Industry in India), Journal of Business Management &

study premise to Shimla district of Himachal Social Sciences Research., 03 (05): 45-49

Pradesh” International Journal of Bio-Resources



Demonetization and Its impact on Indian Economy Mukesh Kumar

Associate Professor & Head

Himalayan Institute of

Management,

Kala Amb, H.P, India

Corresponding Author

Mukesh Kumar

[email protected]

TIME LAG

Introduction:

Recently in India demonetization

means when RBI had withdrawn the

existing note of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 in

very short notice. Demonetization is the

act of stripping down a unit of currency

of its position as legal tender. The total

currency in circulation in Hindustan

was Rs. 17.77 Lakh Crore on 28th Oct.

2016. But in the annual report of central

bank stated that total notes in

circulation upto 31st March 2016 were

valued Rs. 16.42 Lakh crores. The

proportion in which 86% was 1000 &

500 rupee notes. As we talk about

volume, the report stated approx. 25%

of total 9024.3 crore banknotes were in

circulation. But Govt. took an important

action by declaring that Rs. 500 and Rs.

1000 rupee notes will no longer be legal

tender from 8th Nov. 2016 midnight. In

place of these notes the new currency

notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 2000 were

issued by the Central Bank from 10th

Nov. 2016. The notes other than older

notes Rs. 500/1000 will remain legal

tender due to the fake currency, black

money and corruption the PM Narender

Modi had taken this measure to resolve

these problems spread over the country.

This step is taken to cleanse of an

economic system and trace out black

money.

The following reasons are behind it.

1. To take on the black money in the

Indian economy.

2. To reduce the cash transactions in

India which are directly concerned

with the corruption in Indian society.



Revised on : 25.09.2018


Abstract

Demonetization process is like two faces of a coin because one side it will

bene t the nation and other side it's going to create some temporary and long-

term problems. When PM Modi announced that Rs. with the demonetization of

500/- and 1000/- would cease to be the legal tender from 8th Nov. 2016, the whole

country was stunned. The new currency Rs.500/Rs. 2000 which replace the old

one. The main objective of this move was to curb the black money, fake note and

corruption. Prime minister also addressed the people many times telling the people

that it was a Mahayojna and they must offer their own about in it. This paper

highlight the experiences of some countries of demonetization as well as the

impact on various sectors in the Indian Economy of demonetization after 8th Nov.

2016.

Keywords: Demonetization, Downfall, Downturn, Black Money, Jhan-Dhan

To Cite: Kumar, M. (2018). Demonetization and Its impact on Indian Economy. HGPI International Journal of

Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 7-12.



1. To rule out bogus as fake currency cunning funds which had been used by the group of terrors to fund for an act of terrorism in India.

2. This step eliminated more than 5 Lakh crore black money from the Indian economy.

3. If we look in past in Jan. 1946, notes of 1000 and 10,000 were withdrawn and replace it by issuing new 1000/5000 and 10,000 notes in 1954. The govt. had again took this step. In 16.01.1978 demonetized 1000/5000/10,000 rupees notes to trace out black money.

Objectives of the paper

1. To sketch the impact of demonetization and its experience in various countries.

2. To examine or analyze the prompt impact of demonetization on economy.

3. To work out the probable outcomes and impact of the demonetization in Indian economy.

Research Methodology

The secondary data is the base of this paper. This data has been assembled from various newspaper, journals, internet, news channel and graphs, and the percentile method has been used to analyzing the secondary data.

Procedure to exchange old notes

The central bank of India strictly followed the detailed procedure for this demonetization. New 2000/500 notes and Rs. 100 notes were issued following are the main points: -

1. The person or citizen who hold these type of currency to tender their bank notes at any of ce of the central bank or any nationalize or private bank branch and credit the value into their bank accounts.

2. The limit of cash withdraw from bank accounts restricted to Rs. 20,000 per week and Rs. 10, 000 per day from Nov. 09, 2016 to Nov. 24, 2016.

3. The provision for immediate cash need was, old

500/1000 notes upto Rs. 4000 per individual can be replaced for new currency as well as Rs. 100 bank notes over the counter of bank branches from Nov. 10th 2016. It was necessary to lling up a requisition form along with ID Proof.

4. All ATMs will distribute (dispense) notes of 100 and

50 rupees.

5. At the time of demonetization, banks provided all

withdrawal transaction at ATMs free of cost till 30th

Dec.2016 to their customers.

The cash withdrawal limit from ATMs was restricted to

Rs. 2000 per day per card upto 18th Nov. 2016 but by 19th

Nov. 2016, this limit was reused Rs. 4000 per day per

card.

However, there were some entities where we could use

our old currency notes there were petrol pumps, Govt.

Hospitals, CNG stations, airlines booking, trains, state

govt. recognized diaries and ration shops, schools, post

of ces until 14th Nov. 2016 for foreign tourists,

international airports were also instructed to facilitate to

accept the notes up to the value of Rs. 5000.

Literature Review or The experiences of some countries Soviet Union

Mikhail Govt. banned the currency notes of Ruble 50 and

100 in soviet-union to trace out the black money and give

the proper life to the common public in 1991. But in the

beginning the decision of Gorbachev took a long term and

common people started doubting the government, due to

the decision of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Ghana

In 1982, Ghana Govt. take the step of demonetization of

cedi 50 to move back of black money in the nation. Due to

this the people of this country lost their faith inS the

economy of the country. The impact of this

demonetization was after few days, crores of money were

found on roads.

Britain

In 1971 to bring uniformity in currency the Britain Govt.

took the step of demonetization and old notes stopped in

circulation and replace it with coins of 5 to 10. The

declaration of this step was announced by govt. from last

2 years. This policy get success in Britain.



Congo

In Congo dictator, Mobutu made desirable changes in currency prevailing in the country for the smooth running of the economy. The result was not fruitful the prices of daily need goods increased and share mkt. show a huge downfall.

Myanmar

In 1987 to keep in view of trace out the black money and corruption. The military govt. stopped the currency notes in Myanmar. But in this scenario the number of people died due to political dispute among govt. and so, demonetization come to an end.

Nigeria

In the presidentship of Muhammadu Buhari, he started a

new type of currency of notes to bring economy in a stable

position. Buhari resigned from his position because he

didn't buy any undesirable changes in the economy. It

took a long time 21 years for him to become president

again.

North Korea

In 2010, keeping in view to change in the economy and to

move back the black money of the country, dictator Kim

Jon-2 made some changes with currency. But due to this

change the prices of necessity product increased. This led

the common man to become angry.

Impact of Demonetization in Indian Economy As the country say goodbye to the old currency of Rs

500/1000 rupee note and with restrictions on exchanging

money and impose a tax on high amt of deposits the

economy of India is going through some serious churn.

Cash Crunch

Those sectors dealing with cash only i.e. vendors,

rikshaw wallahs, daily wage earners, taxi drivers,

demonetization has direct impact on above these sectors.

Indian system mainly functions on cash and so less cash

means a disruption in the ow. Even sectors like real

estate, which deals with illegal cash transactions, will go

through a rough patch leading to a fall in pro ts.

Interest Rate

The main impact of demonetization is on an interest rate.

Due to this money is deposited in the bank and people

earned in it for the same. After the announcement that Rs.

500/1000 is not a legal tender form 9 Nov. 2016, there had

been huge deposits in banks. Some of the leading private

and public banks reduced the rate of interest on deposits.

Investors get less interest on their deposits, but the good

news was that it would have a long term positive effects

an Indian economy as leading rate or we can say rate on

loan will fall. This will boost credit & investment to

recover the slumping economy.

In ation

Due to the demonetizations, the general price level

become lower which may lead to de ationary

pressures, because of less cash supplying in comparison

of goods. Fall in price would help to the common man

because during this goods become cheaper.

The tax effect

In this scenario the deposits of above Rs. 2.5 Lakh have

not been justi ed to the income tax department will be

taxed 200 percent. This could help to convert black

money into the white money fold. The revenue provided

from this used to the de cit the budget. This step will

help to provide revenue to central govt. Demonetization

is the

rst step in creating a ripple in taxation policy before

GST Ralls out.

Growth:

The parameter in the estimation of growth of an economy

is the GDP. Research from have already cut growth

estimates by 0.5%. Because there are many sectors where

run through cash so Indian's economy could shrink. The

sectors which are non-tax payer, now be formalized. A

fall in consumption is also due to a fall in cash availability.

This demonetization also helps to produce a huge amount

from non-tax paying sectors. This will help in the growth

and their fare GDP would not face a negative impact.

Effect on various economic entities

There are certain sectors of the Indian economy, which

could face short term disruption in the facilitation of their

transactions. These sectors are small traders, service

sectors, political parties, household, retail sectors and

professional bodies like doctor, carpenter etc.

The Sectoral impacts of demonetization

Consumer Electrical

Consumer electrical products like fans, lights, switches,

are low ticket-size products (priced between Rs 100 to Rs

2,500) as well as products of basic necessity. Hence, we

do not expect any severe impact on their demand because



of the demonetisation drive. However, the consumption of certain products like house-wiring cables and industrial cables could be impacted because two of their key user industries are housing construction and infrastructure projects which are likely to be affected by demonetisation. These measures are negative for Voltas, Havells India as a lot of demand comes from Tie II/III towns and is dealt in cash.

Telecoms

There is no meaningful impact seen on telecom due to

demonetisation plan. However, the slowdown in

smartphone sales could potentially slow adoption of

mobile broadband subscriber penetration. Moreover, any

pressure on global liquidity could delay the plans of telcos

who are looking to monetize tower assets. Further

telecom companies will be under pressure due to

relatively high valuations, negative earnings momentum

and lack of positive catalysts.

Financial (Banks, MFIs, NBFCs, HFCs) Banks will bene t from the move to demonetize.

CASA accretion will shoot up in banks, esp PSU Banks.

This is owing to rush to deposit cash in the

banned denominations (500/1,000 Rupees). The

CASA growth has already seen a sharp improvement

and the huge deposit in ow will result in a system wide

moderation of the rate environment. However, this can

be short lived. This is because a large part is likely to be

utilised by depositors to pay for business/personal

requirements, a relatively smaller part may be parked

into higher yielding deposits while some may be simply

withdrawn in the form of cash. Ten year yields have

crashed to 6.4% (~down 40 bps in 2 weeks) and this is

expected to aid treasury pro ts signi cantly. Overall,

the banking system has already seen an in ux of Rs 4.0

tn of CASA mix over past ten days and it is expected

that the deposit base increases by Rs. 10 tn by Dec-end

and even if 25-30% of these deposits nally stays in the

banking system and that alone can boost the systemic

CASA mix by up to 3%. Some pressure can be seen in

form of asset quality for both Banks and NBFCs –

particularly on Loan Against Property (LAP),

developer nancing (players like Indiabulls Housing

Finance, PNB Housing etc) and impact in SME

business (DCB Bank etc). Further there might be some

pressure on the cash collection which has been the forte

of some of the NBFCs (Like MMFS – 60%

is cash collection). Further all these NBFCS (like Repco,

Chola Finance, Gruh) has the MOATs that was to look

beyond the Tax Forms ( only 3% of Indian les IT tax

return) so this might hamper their operations. Some

impact could be seen on demand for consumer durables,

which could impact the players like Bajaj Finance,

Capital First. This will also be negative for gold

nance players (Muthoot Finance, Manappuram

Finance) wherein a lot of dealing happens in cash

(similar impact was visible when PAN card was made

mandatory for Rs. 2 lakhs). For MFIs, these might not

be much negative in near to longer-term (near term - for

1 month or so - cash collection and delivery might get

delayed due to issues in currency circulation), given the

lower ticket size in which they operate.

Information technology

We do not expect demonetization to impact the IT sector

as more than 95% of revenues come from exports.

Domestic business is also a B2B business. There may be

an impact on Hardware companies which operate in the

domestic economy, though. There may be a temporary

impact on training companies, due to the cash crunch.

However, as IT training or IT-led training is linked to

career progression, so any structural impact on demand is

not expected.

Textile

The organized textile sector has welcomed the decision as

the demonetization decision by RBI would restructure the

transaction structure and would outcome in crystal clear

business deal with out of the country merchants. This

decision would upturn the custom of automated clearance

arrangement for making disbursements and would

decrease the dark dealings expressively. On opposing,

this resolution is a setback for the un-organized textile

zone of the nation who is reliant on national marketplace

for pro ts generation. Control of withdrawals from the

bank is likely to in uence the weekly disbursement to

contractual employees in textile division. Moreover,

restrictions on cash extractions would destructively

in uence the obtaining of new material like yarns and

fabric in the nation.



Impact of Demonetization for Indian Economy (Short term & long term) The demonetization work actually directed by Prime

Minister Narender Modi in our nation. This is

considerable to an extent but shadows positive as well as

adverse sides. The basic aim of the demonetization is to

shower the store of “Kala Dhan (Black Money)” out of the

country and make it the taxable part in the country.

“This is positive to step the cleaning of the black money.

Though, assured belongings will occur as a result of

demonetization. Dealings will nowadays activate to

change to silver economy with the help of banking system

which means there will be ow in deposits of bank.

Straight investments in terms of deposits enhanced.”

Number of well-known temperaments like politicians,

entrepreneur, and so on have a huge stock of black money

either in the country or out of the country. The notes which

are of high value denominations. When they hear the

news of demonetization they will be involuntary to

deposit the (Kala Dhan) black money into the banks. They

will get new currencies after submitting their PAN or

Adhar number or Passport number. This facilitates the

administration to catch the offenders and hold onto an eye

on all the fraud persons who are aiding them in altering

their black money into white money.

However this change causes some problems for society

because post of ces and banks do not have enough

volume of cash money. People are facing a lot of

complications with the old currency units. People have to

make long lines either to or to exchange or deposit their

money. Besides this, the ATMs are not restructured yet.

The retailers or shopkeepers as well as common man are

denying to take Rs. 2000 note as they don't have enough

amount of small deno minat io n money. The

administration is enchanting essential steps to promotion

the ATMs and printing new currency notes at an

extraordinary quickness so that it touch the people

without making any more confusion in the marketplace.

The unexpected stop in the obtainability of currency has

commanded to a liquidness shock to the common people

in the country. De ciency in the currency of Rs. Five

Hundred and Rs. One thousand has disturbed trade and

industry accomplishments such as intake, investment,

manufacturing, occupation etc. Due to this a number of

good and bed, as well as short term and long term impacts,

be seen in the economy

Impacts which can be seen short term

The rst and foremost impact is that the GDP

creation will be affected with the decrease in

consumer demand. Due to a decrease in

Consumption, the production will also decrease if

there is production increase due to this the

Employment also decreases due to this we cannot

expect Growth and Tax revenue.

There are Certain sectors in the society like the sector

of agriculture, traders, domestic people, daily

breadwinner etc. will face short term disturbances due

to unavailability of cash in liquid form.

The supply of money will decrease in the short-run till

the new currency Rupees Five hundred and Rupees

Two thousand gets widely spread in the marketplace

of the nation.

There has been a Negative impact on the consumption

patterns and disposable income of the people is

expected during these days.

Due to less currency ow will decrease in ation.

There is short-term downturn in areas like

construction, real-estate, textile, handcrafts goods etc.

The impact of the demonetization will be seen on

agriculturalists as this is the reaping time of harvest

and this sector generally deal in cash only.

As we know during this period there are no

investments will take place then the rate of capital

formation growth will go down.

Long-term impacts

Government income will change as more pro t

would be announced. The unbanked individuals will

move to keep money like Jan-Dhan contributing

towards government's endeavors of budgetary

incorporation.

Demonetization will set responsibility in movement

as administration/deals impose isn't paid by

individuals like nearby picture takers, tailors and so

on and along these lines their wage goes unaccounted.

Collection of higher assessments will help in the

country building like an advancement of streets,

foundation, transportation and numerous others.

Increase in country formative undertakings will

request more work and other talented labor which will

offer ascent to business openings.

It will get more business tax collection i.e. GST

bene ts.



Cash in the framework will help instructive advance

sand business credits accordingly bringing more chances.

It will prompt better business condition, less

de lement and straightforwardness.

The substantial increment in the interest of Digital exchanges framework, E-wallets, use of plastic cash, online exchanges utilizing E-saving money and so forth.

Gold imports will be lessened on account of the interests in gold by individuals as a choice to trade store out the bank.

CONCLUSION

To nish up the choice of demonetization will demonstrate amazing in the long run and our duty expert will acquire an immense bene t since now the general population will designate them for the pro ts and

lling and the administration can gain enormous nancial advantage.

On the off chance that the cash vanishes, as a few hoarders

might not want to be seen with their money heap, the

economy won't pro t. Then again if the cash discovers

its way in the economy it could have an important

effect. Anyway encounters from various nations

demonstrates

that the move was one of the arrangement that neglected

to settle an obligation loaded and swelling ridden

economy.

REFERENCES 1. Partap Singh. 2013. Gold Prices in India: Study of

Trends and Patterns, “Internat ional Journal of

Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)”,

Vol. 2 Issue 4 August 2013 332, ( ISSN: 2319 – 1058)

2. Partap Singh. 2010. Impact of Financial crisis on Indian

Economy “Southern Economist” Vol. 49, no. 2. May. 15,

2010; (ISSN: 0038-4046)

3. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-

policy/ ve-likely-effects-of-demonet isat ion-

on- economy-116110901411_1.html

4. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-

policy/ ve-likely-effects-of-demonet isat ion-

on- economy-116110901411_1.html

5.http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/553

48597.cms?utm_source=contento nterest&utm_mediu

m=text&utm_campaign=cppst

6.http://www. nancialexpress.com/economy/history-

of- demonetisation-when-morarji-desai-

government- ceased-rs-500-rs-1000-and-rs-

7 . N e w s p a p e r s : T h e E c o n o m i c s T i m e ,

August–September, 2012

8. The Business Line, July- September, 2012


http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-

http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/553

http://www/

http://www/


Total Quality Management: A Futuristic Approach Deepika Kohli Yadav

Assistant professor


Management,



Deepika Kohli Yadav

[email protected]

TIME LAG

Introduction:

TQM is a process of managing the

Quality in the entire organization seen

from every perspective. The aim of

TQM is to improve the Quality from the

raw material to the customer end.

Managing of Quality is governed by

planning, organizing, and controlling. It

is a continuous improvement process.

Qualit y can be seen f rom two

perspectives; one is to satisfy the

customer and second is to improve the

Quality of products. In improving the

quality of the products the productivity

does not suffers.

Quality α Productivity

It is well de ned in the Deming's

chain of Quality improvement.But in

actual, it does not happen. In order to

obtain this equation, time is needed,

which lowers down the productivity.

Hence TQM is a process to improve

the Quality by taking into account the



Revised on : 22.09.2018


Abstract

TQM is a never ending process of improving work processes. It is considered to be

an important management philosophy, which sustains the organizations in their

efforts toward quality improvement and satis ed customers. TQM helps the

organization for improving the quality of the product, better improvement,

customer satisfaction, competitiveness, and increase in productivity and

pro tability by continuously improving the quality of the process.

As we know that there are different tools and techniques of TQM are available to us. This paper includes a review of the existing techniques for quality improvement. TQM addresses all the issues for achieving excellence through continuous improvement. The proposed model discusses management issues, Implementation practices, and cultural changes. The aim of TQM is not only to provide information to the higher management but also have the authority to implement its policies. In most of the organizations, it is assumed that - Quality 1/Productivity

But this is not the case always. This paper re ects some light on, how to improve productivity without compromising with the Quality. TQM is a better option but whether it really works or it is just a paperwork to get some certi cations. This paper is of signi cance for practitioners, academics and for one who has an interest in the Quality improvement and practical evaluation of the tools and techniques for a variety of situations and appropriately applies the quality tools or techniques.

KEYWORDS:Totalqualitymanagement(TQM), Quality tools and techniques

Continuousqualityimprovement.

To Cite: Yadav, D.K. (2018). Total Quality Management: A Futuristic Approach. HGPI International Journal

of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 13-16.



Cost Time Productivity

The Concept of TQM:

TQM deals with every eld of the organization i.e. from the raw material to the customer. It involves every process that is encountered between raw material and a

nished product.

RESEARCH METHOD Basically we used different tools and techniques for the measurement of any Research.I here used the secondary data for the research. I used the observational and questionnaire techniques for the TQM analysis. I also study the behavior of the customer regarding different products. According to me knowledge management, training, supplier quality management, customer focus, strategic quality planning, continuous improvement, employee involvement and process management as the factors of TQM practices based on the literature review. I also included multiple performance factors, namely, operational performance, inventory management performance, employee performance, innovation performance, social responsibility, customer results, and market and nancial performance, to cover all aspects of rm performance.

TQM is mainly concerned with continuous improvement in all work, from high level strategic planning and decision-making. It stems from the belief that mistakes can be avoided and defects can be prevented. It leads to continuously improving results, in all aspects of work, as a result of continuously improving capabilities, people, processes, and technology and machine capabilities. Continuous improvement must deal not only with improving results but more importantly with improving capabilities to produce better results in the future. The ve major areas of focus for capability improvement are demand generation, supply generation, technology, operations and people capability.

EXPLANATION AND DISCUSSION Focused area: Our focus is to improve the quality which

leads to improving the productivity by decreasing the time,cost and effort. But as we try to improve the quality, productivity suffers. suppose in an organization, there is an average production of one thousand pieces but instantly a breakdown occurs then rst of all the production suffers and the root cause of the failure is to be found, and if it is due to some component failure then the whole lot of those components is to be rejected.

The breakdown continue until another lot comes or the production continues with the existing lot. If the existing lot is to be used then it is a compromise with the quality. If we want to wait for another lot then the productivity suffers. This is a common problem because the components are tested on a sampling basis. Sampling assures the quality of the components but not completely. This is the drawback of sampling which leads to lower down the quality. The situation is more worst if the production increases. There is also another factor that is time. The components used are tested for a speci ed time interval.A component may work for a small durations but may fail if used for long, and if we test it for more time then also it will lower down the productivity.

Another factor is the component testing environment are three environments namely

1. Manual testing

2. Automatic testing

3. Live test

If the component is to test manually then it can cause more failure. If we automatically test the component then the testing ef ciency will increase but still it is not completely assured. And if the product is to be tested in a live environment the up to some extent it is much more reliable since the behavior of a component is governed by various other components also. Hence there is always a need for improvement in every aspect. Hence our focus is to make the equation Quality α productivity true. One important Question arises here that why we are investing so much on the Quality. The answer is to maximize the pro t. But whether it actually happens or not. I am taking an example of a manufacturing organization below:



Production Model In the above model there are two Quality checks. We are imposing these checks even after the raw material is already assured at the Vendor end. For these Quality checks, we have implant manpower, machinery, training and certi cation.

Proposed Model The above model eliminates the requirements of two Departments of Quality management i.e. IQA and FQA. The time requirement is also reduced as the detection and correction efforts are manipulated as a parallel activity with the production. Also, the overall cost which includes manpower, equipment cost, calibration cost and training etc.

Commitment: an important factor:

TQM is a process to change the existing working environment for an organization so that the overall methodology to obtain a quality product will change. There are many factors that affect the implementation of TQM. One of the most important is the lack of commitment among the individuals. Second thing is that we must know that where we are i.e where our level of



Quality lies. The concept that where we are and where we

want to be is very necessary. For this proper planning is

required. We must look forward beyond our personal

gains, as if the organization grows, we automatically

grow. We should discover the long-term bene ts for the

organization.

Proposed work: TQM is helpful in gaining the trust of the customer.

According to Deming's chain of Quality improvement,

assuring the Quality of will increase the productivity by

reducing the rework, but why this rework is done. The aim

of TQM is not only to improve the product but also to

improve the processes as well. we are using the word

processes because the process is concerned with only a

single department, whereas TQM is applicable to all the

departments. In order to completely assure the quality of

the work product, the product should be tested in a live

environment i.e. at the customer end. After the product

reaches the customer, a particular time period should be

provided so that the customer can have suf cient time

to work with the product in his own manner. The

organization compensates this by imposing a guarantee

on the product. It means that the organization is also

afraid that the product may fail. Our motto is to overcome

this fear.

Conclusion:

TQM is a methodology for the continuous improvement

towards Quality. Some factors should be considered to

implement it without which it does not work. One such

factor is the commitment. This commitment should be at

the managerial level as well as at the worker level. The

planning should be worked out not only for pro t

maximization but also to reduce the cost, increase the

productivity and uplift the level of quality by reducing the

rework. Work should be done on the experimental basis.

References: 1. Total Quality management: making the concept

work by Pierre Julliard, Julliard associates,

Brook eld, Connecticut.

2. Total Quality Management in Software engineering

by Mitchell K.D.Pham, Deptt of management and

information systems, University of Auckland.

3. Implementing total quality management for the world class product development by E.C Yee and

R.C. Sotak.



A Survey Paper on Big Data Analytics and Hadoop Er. Ritu Aggarwal* & Er. Parvesh Rani** [email protected] [email protected]

Assistant Professor


Computer Science,



Er. Ritu Aggarwal

[email protected]

TIME LAG

I. Introduction: Big data found in following forms.

1.1 Structured

1.2 Unstructured

1.3 Semi-structured

1.1 Structured The data found in a xed form which

can be usedand processed in xed

form is termed as structured data. Due

to the advancement in the eld of

Computer Science, there are different

developing techniques used over

such type of

data.[2] basically the structure data the

format of data is well known.Due to the

growth and increasing the size of data

there are some issues due to the huge

size of data like the range of multiple

zettabyte, petabytes, terabytes.

1 . 1 . 1 S o u r c e s u s e d f o r Structured data The day to day enhancement in

technology provide the different

sources of structured data being found

in large volumes. There are two types of

sources used for Structured data[3]



Revised on : 28.09.2018


Abstract

Data in today's world is growing at a fastly and rapidly. A large amount of data is

generated daily by various sources such as social networking websites, Sensors,

transactional data etc. So, the amount of data we need to store and manage is

incremented day by day. Therefore Handle large amount data, business and other

organizations use that.it refers to the enlarge set which contain huge amount of

information. It contains semi structured, unstructured, structured raw facts. Data

does not have any use unless that data is used to extract some useful information and

to make some decisions. For this purpose big data analytics is performed.

Traditional techniques for processing data cannot be applied to handle such alarge

amount of data. So, special techniques and software are required.Hadoop is an

independentsoftware framework which works on the clusters of large data sets

using distributed processing. In this paper aims to analyze the different emerging

trends, types its methods used for big data and one of the big data tool Hadoop which

is relevant for decision domains.[1]

Keywords: Big data, Sensors, Hadoop, Clusters, ETL, analytics etc.

To Cite: Aggarwal,R.& Rani, P (2018). A Survey Paper on Big Data Analytics and Hadoop. HGPI International

Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 17-23.





Fig 1.1 Structured data

Computer or Machine generated: This type of data

generally contains the data which is produced by a

Computer or Machine with the interference [5]of

Human being. it includes data produced by Sensors ,

Videos, cameras, Recording ,Satellites etc.

Human-generated: Human generated data includes

the data which is created by the Human being with the

help of machines. It is in human readable form. For

example Weblogs, Email, Documents, Social sites etc.

There is the third category that combines the features of

the machine and human generated is called Hybrid.In this

paper,we're concerned with the rst two categories.

Table 1.2



1.2 Unstructured In unstructured data, the data is organized in an unknown

form. Due to the huge size in unstructured data it poses

many challenges for processing and evaluating the values

for it. It contains the [8] combination of writing les,

pictures etc. it is dif cult to evaluate and obtain the

structured data from this type of data because it is in raw

form.

Some areas where it has usedOutcomes from some search engines

Natural Language: It accepts voice commands or understands what people are looking for.

Photographs & Video: Video cameras are used to

capture events such as videos that can be used to

analyze water level into a dam.

1.3 Semi-Structured It can beseen as a structured data but it can't be de ned in

a form of tables.Some form of this data that used in the

XML le.

How the Students Information stored :

<rec><name>siya</name><sex>Female</sex><city>R ampur</city></rec>

<rec><name>SubhamSaini</name><sex>Male</sex><

Ambala>Agra</city></rec>

<rec><name>Jonny</name><sex>Male</sex><city>Ja

ipur</city></rec>

1.2 Bene ts of Big data analytics: I t c a n p r o v i d e d i f f e r e n t b u s i n e s s b e n e t s ,

includingmarket opportunities, marketing& advertising,

and customer support servicesand provide the

competitive environment against competitors with the

popular analytics systems and software. Its applications

provide a way to different professionals like data

scientists, predictive modelers, statisticians to analyze

or evaluate increasing amount of structured transferable

data, in addition to another kind of data that are left

uncovered [11]. It encompasses a mix of different data--

for example, logs detail of server, social contents

network, information from user messages and survey

report, other information or electronic contents taken

from sensing elements through the IOT. [17].

To make organizational business decisions, analytics

trends give a way of indentifying facts volume, conclude

the appropriate results about that support the

organizations to form a good informative decision makers

make informed business decisions.

1.3.1 History: It was rstly came into existence has change in the

different kindsand quantityof data that is produced by

rms and the ability that calculate how the facts used

and changed. There are some factors of big data that

are: volume, velocity and variety consider as facts, this

concept given by famous scientist. This framework came

into existence as an Sql and Apache that is a open source.

Initially, as the Hadoop environment used for big data

eld store present the existence of large organizations,

like social networking sites, search engine sand services

providers also. Big data analytics has increasingly been

encompassed by retail merchants, economical

organizations, insurance agents, welfare rms, creators,

different rms and industries.

1.4 Big data analytics Platforms and resources: The traditional data warehouses that worked on the basis

of relational databases . Unstructured and semi-structured

data types do not support the concept of Relational

databases. Even though, data storage houses could not

handle the processing the requirements occurred through

different big data blocks that required to be up grad edit

works on real time data and stock trading, and include

different activities according the visitors requirements to

check the mobile applications outcomes. Different

organizations integrate processes and identi ed big

data with the help different kind of databases and

different tools and its supporting tools are:

YARN : It used for Group handling strategies.

Map Reduce: It is used to process the massive amount

of unstructured facts that operates combined to

calculate the type of data.

Spark: in this process users works on big scale

application that is used for data analytics for the

different clustered systems. it is based on the

technology of an open-source parallel processing.

H Base: It works on HDFS framework and used the

approach of column oriented approach.



Hive: it is open source framework that basically used

the large data sets for querying and viewing by the use

of Hadoop le

Pig: it is an open-source technology that used for the

concurrent work development of Map Reduce

processes running for Hadoop clusters based on high

level processing.

The users acquiring the technology of Hadoop that

provides the purpose of repository for inputting raw form

of data. In this paper the big data analytics data analyzed

in Hadoop cluster and run with help of processing engine

like spark i.e open source parallel processing. data stored

in HDFS that should be organized con gured and

properly maintained for the better performance to extract,

transform and load to operate different operations and

analytical works and queries. If the data is available it can

be identi ed using different software that can be

support for analytic processes. Different kinds of

strategies are used to analyzed the big data sets.

1.5 challenges and uses for Big data analytics

Through support this application user can conclude the

weather data or demographic data on the consumers that

are calculated by third party Information service

providers which use the concept of internal system and

external sources for the data. The other open source

processing engines like Hadoop system through Spark's

Streaming module, Flink, and Storm support the

streaming analytic application in Big Data environment.

Earlier the large Data systems data deployed for creating,

storing and analyzing the massive amount of the data that

are used and deployed for large organization whereas the

cloud platform venders like AWS and Microsoft Azure in

which we can deploy large volume of data. Some pitfalls

include that there is a lack of experienced IT staff and

identify the different technologies and by the data, expert

ll their gaps.

1.5 Big Data Characteristics:

Big data is an environment including the data its scale &

volume, variety or mixture, and/or deadlines needed to

use the latest layouts, analyzer, and equipment to achieve

and use the resources and techniques that provide latest

sources that provide business value[18].

There are important main factors which de ne the Big Data

environment: (factors for big data, the total data de ne the

volume, variety is number of types of facts and their frequency

de nes about the movement of that facts.

Volume refers the raw facts is its size. The Volume

de ned as the primary attribute in Big Data

environment. The Volume of data measured in the

TBs or PBs, tables, or les. The greatest thing

about the Big Data is that it uses a variety of

sources, including web logs, click streams, and

social media. By the use of that kind of sources, the

term analytic refers to join the structured data by

unstructured and semi structured data like XML.

Moreover, multidimensional data like data from

audio, videos etc. is evaluated from a data

warehouse to combine the big data environment.

The way how the data can be changed and can be

created is referred to the velocity. The Velocity

measure the frequency and the speed of data for the

data generation. The main feature in terms of

velocity is streaming data in Big Data environment.

Variety de ned as to the different formats or

types of data, and the way how to use and analyze

the data.

1.6. Storage and Management in Big Data:

Organizations use the massive amount of Big Data.

These organizations need to decide how to

organize, manage, store and deal such kind of Big

Data. The earlier methods to store the data for

example data marts used the ETL(Extract,

Transform and Load) tools to upload andnd the data from data sources. In the traditional

Enterprise Data Warehouse(EDW) environment, the data

need to be cleaned and integrated before it is incorporated

with the database, whereas the Big Data environment use

the Magnetic, Agile, Deep(MAD) analytic approach that

support all kind of data. “Magnetic” data must be reliable

and effective, so that analysts will operate with data

sources within the Data Warehouses.“Agility”, has the

ability to provide the system to make physical storage

management exible and ef cient. Finally, Depth of

analysis is related to all the concepts of the MAD

analytics that make the databases to be more powerful and

provide a exible environment. Due to the growing needs

of data sources the data analysts used the concept of big

data storage that easily produce and provide data rapidly. In

the agile database in which the logical and physical



contents are adapted by the sync way for the rapid data

evolution. So the different analysts use the complex and

statistical methods to study them. This current technology

that the analysts used. For the big data storage used the

conceptof data repository and used as a prominent

algorithm runtime engine. To nd about the big data

several solutions are to be adapted for eg. In the

distributed databases and the parallel processing

databases that provide high performance and platform

independent environment and their scalabilitythat used in

big data. The another concept is a non relational databases

that means not only SQL that existed for managing

unstructured data. The No SQL database are used for

massive data scaling, to study and used different kind of

data models that provide exibility .these type of

databases are for storage management. And high scalable

performance. These kinds of databases are provided on

the application layer for the data speci c languages.

The concept that has been studied about that in which has

high memory databases in which thedata is store in server

memory that remove the disk input /output functions and

enabled the real time systems request and their responses.

in the traditional methods data is stored in mechanical

disks but now a day's data stored in primary databases in a

silicon based main memory. By using this technology it

improves in magnitude by their reliability, ef ciency

andprovide a environment for applications to be

developed. By the different analysts view and concepts

the big data has a great speed to access and analyze the

massive amount of data and their storage. Its provides the

exible environment to the databases. By the different

analysts there is another discovered framework for

performing the data analytics that named as Hadoop.

Hadoop is an open source framework that used for

performing big data analytics its features that it provide

greater compatibility, manageability, scalability and

improving the performances of storing the big data.

BasicallyHadoop work on the concept of Map Reduce

models that analyze and combined the features of storage

and analytics together.Hadoop has basically two

components in which it has works.

1. HDFSthat used for storage management.

2. Map Reduce that used for big data analytics.

1.6 Hadoop Distributed File System

It enables a duplicate, ef cient distributed system

where each le has predetermined size blocks. These

blocks are stored on the cluster of one or several nodes.

Since the data is scattered over different nodes in HDFS,

there must be some mechanism to secure this data and

to avail tha data at different node.For that Replication

mechanism used to protect the data among the nodes

which provide the availability and reliability. With

the help of replication, there are multiple copied of

same data can be found in the system that increases the

availability and reliability of the system.HDFS nodes are:

Data Node:

it store Data in le blocks on different nodes in

replicated form. Data Nodes are also called slave nodes

in HDFS. Data Node is a non expensive hardware,

which not provide the availability and quality. it store

the data in block server as a local le ext43 or ext4.

These serve as slave procedure or process which

operate on each slave node.

Data nodes are areal storage device.

The Data Nodes read and write the low level request

from the le system's clients.

The data node frequency is set to 3 seconds.


g1.8 Data Nodes


Name Nodes:

The block present on the data nodes are managed by the

Name Nodes that named as a head node in the Hadoop

Apache. The Name node server manages and controls all

the les that are used by clients in the File System

Namespace.

1.7 Analytic Processing

During the implementation of the big data warehouse

used this method .The following complex available needs

for accessing it.

The rst technique is data storage and data loading.

Secondly it provides fast query processing required

in this the query should be provided on quick

response time to satisfy actual time based requests

and heavy workloads.

Thirdly the storage space should be ef ciently

utilized and because the high demand user activities

there is a requirement of scalable storage capacity

and computing capabilities. It also required

addressing the storage space issues so that the

storage space ef ciently utilized.

At last, the strong bonding to highly dynamic

workload. The system should be highly adaptive as

the big data is used.

1.8 Map-Reduce Model:

The methods used for different languages. The Map

Reduce parallel programming model is used in Big Data

processing and analytical functions it is the main feature

of Hadoop that perform data processing functions. [6].

It adds more computers rather than processing on node

(single)computer.To complete the task, in Map Reduce

model the job is breaking down into stages and these

stages are computed in parallel.

1.10.1 Limitations of Hadoop

With Hadoop's advantages over RDBMS.

1. Too many copies of data

2. Less supportive

3. Inadequate execution

4. Expertise framework

5. Insuf cient skills

1.9 CONCLUSION

This paper givesa survey report of big data analytics

methods in which discussed Hadoop and discussed

various strategies and methods and technologies.

Different sources of data in big data analytic have been

discussed. In this paper analyzed different methods used

for handling them, different Sqlrepositories'and packages

have beenmentioned. An overview of Hadoop

Distributed File System and how to use them. Too many

frameworksthere it can play a major role in successthe

storage management of massive data have been studied.

With the help of this paper , we solved and studied the

problem of large datasets. This paper helps to need to

make a new framework where Hadoop can be

implemented.

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Challenges for Horticulture Industry in Himachal Pradesh: Vision 2030 Dr. Kiran Chanda

* & Dr. Kulbhushan Chandel

*

Assistant Professor


Management,



Dr.KiranChanda

[email protected]

TIME LAG

Abstract

Himachal Pradesh is the biggest producer of quality fruit like Apple, Plum, peach

and pear etc. But the apple constitutes one of the most important and widely grown

fruits of Himachal Pradesh. Horticulture is the mainstay in Himachal Pradesh for

the development of the majority of the population in the state. Due to its

comparative advantage, horticulture has proved to be the most remunerative and

important to the number of Himachal farmers as it improves their economic

condition. But the production and marketing of horticulture areexperiencing

continuous changes worldwide. This is due to the challenges transpire from more

changeable climate, loss of productive soil through encroachments for

urbanisation, low productivity, costly labour and disease in apple trees. Under 2030

vision the targeted production need to be achieved with no increase in the area under

cultivation potentially utilizing the scienti c, technical and conventional

strengths for sustainable production. And also new changing climate tolerant

plants, disease free plants should be introduced. Himachal can hold up the

competition only by escalating productivity, reducing the cost of production and

also farmers need to be educated regarding new technologies used in production

and marketing. Concerted efforts are needed to improve the present status of

horticulture industry in the state. The present study focuses on the challenges

regarding increase in production, marketing, productivity and utilization of apple

as economic livelihood in Himachal Pradesh.

Key Words: Horticulture, Apple, Himachal Pradesh, vision 2030.

*AssistantProfessor, Himalayan Group of Professional Institutions Kala-Amb.

* Dean Academics, Himachal Pradesh Technical University, Hamirpur

Introduction:

Himachal grow diverse varieties of

fruits from tropical to temperate which

help in the economic up-liftment of the

r u r a l e c o n o m y b y g e n e r a t i n g

employment and revenue to rural

population. Himachal Pradesh is

bestowed endowed with plenty of

natural resources with diverse agro-

climat ic condit ions suitable for

horticulture development. Shimla

district has occupied a place of pride in

the eld of horticulture followed by

Kullu and Kinnaur district. It is the

biggest producer of quality fruits like

Apple, Plum, Peach, and Pear etc.


To Cite: Chanda, K.& Chandel, K. (2018). Challenges for Horticulture Industry in Himachal Pradesh: Vision 2030.

HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 24-28.


Revised on : 03.10.2018




but, the apple constitutes one of the most signi cant

and widely grown fruit of the state. Approximately 90

percent of the total apple produce is exported to the

distant markets of the country. Moreimportance is given

on cultivation of horticulture crop in Himachal Pradesh.

Where cultivation is mainly done on narrow terraces and

the scope for ef cient use of land in these hilly areas is

limited. The extraordinary progress in this eld is

because of the congenial agro-climatic condition of the

state. The market structure of these fruits is going

through a lot of changes to building marketing linkages

in terms of obtaining pro table market. However, it

also considered that the high transportation cost, lack of

storage facilities, loss of productive soil through urban

encroachment, low productivity, high labour cost,

climate changes, diseases in apple trees and exploitation

by middlemen.

Reviews:

Randev, A.K. (2009) in his study on “Impact of climate

change on apple productivity in Himachal Pradesh-India”

reported that the productivity has shown huge difference

due to the non availability of water at critical stage of

growth.The temperature variation is an important factor

in disturbing the hydrological cycle and intensity of

occurrence of other factors like warming of ecosystem

which further results in adverse effect on production.

Reshi, M. I., Malik, M. A. and Kumar, V. (2010) in their

research paper entitled “Assessment of problems and

prospects of Apple production and marketing in Kashmir

Valley” revealed that There is problems at production

level and marketing level i.e. apple scab diseases,

outbreak of premature leaf fall, the pre and post harvest

practices followed by farmers are primitives. No support

from government in the home market.There is a cold

storage problem in the producing areas, there is no

prescribed standard for grading and packing and ordinary

transportation facilities which harm the quality of

product. Basannagri, B., Kala, C. P. (2013) in their study

on “Climate change and apple farming in Indian

Himalayas: A study of local perception and responses”

revealed that the farmers are customised to follow the

traditional and age old practices of cultivation. Farmers

are less aware about scienti c agro-climatic practices,

Agri-input and horticulture schemes due to lack of

communication facilities at high hills. Due to the change

in temperature, precipitation, ground frost, hailstorm,

loss of soil fertility, water availability and natural

calamities pose serious threats to apple production.Sen,

V., Rana, R. S., Chauhan, R.C and Aditya (2015) in

their study on “Impact of climate variability on apple

production and diversity in Kullu valley, Himachal

Pradesh”exhibitedthat The increase in average

temperature, prolonged drought during summers,

negligible or no rain during winters has rendered large

area of lowers Kullu valley un t for apple cultivation.

The change in the snowfall pattern led to depletion and

shifting of ecological niche of traditionally and

commercially important apple varieties. Saxena, A.,

Hussain, M. and Singh, A. (2017) in their study on

“Impact of amended APMC act on apple business in

Himachal, India” reported that Indian agricultural

marketing system is suffering from various problems like

large number of middlemen, malpractices of traders,

inadequate market information and insuf cient funds

etc. Procure apple directly and offer healthy prices to

primary producers but still many apple growers in

Himachal Pradesh do not sell to private buyers.

Objectives of the study:

1. Challenges in apple production and marketing.

2. Vision 2030 a future prospects of the horticulture

industry.

Rationale of the study:

Himachal has been endowed with varied agro-climatic

conditions, which provide a great scope for the apple

growers. The hills of Himachal provide natural zones for

production of apples. Horticulture provides new

opportunities and has a vast scope in the state. Fruit

production is seasonal and the produce is perishable in

nature. As the apple is the major cash crop of the state

growing in Shimla, Kullu and Kinnaur, etc. Shimla ranks

rst in horticulture production. It has occupied the

signi cant place in horticulture sector in Himachal

Pradesh followed by Kullu, and Kinnaur districts.Due to

the commercialization of agriculture and horticulture in

the districts people have become aware of the basic need

of education. Because of less education they are not aware

about modern marketing techniques. Horticulture

produce in Himachal have good marketing demand in the

country. The overall picture at the state level would

conceal a wide variety of experience.



The present study aims at analyzing the existing state of

horticulture produce and also identi es the problems

faced by the people of the district in marketing practices

to improve the existing marketing strategies to the people

in order to provide them basic awareness in this regard.

As horticulture industry is slowly moving from

traditional agriculture enterprise to corporate sector.

And the further growth of horticulture industries and its

sustain ability will largely depend on the marketing

strategies; strong support of basic and strategic marketing

research will only enable rapid growth of horticulture

produce.

Scope of the study:

The present study is restricted to the three districts of

Himachal Pradesh i.e. Shimla, Kullu, and Kinnaur. The

district under study is selected by taking into

consideration the largest producers of horticulture

produce from 2015 to 2018.

The data is collected through structured questionnaire.

The major thrust is given to the product strategies and

pricing strategies adopted by apple growers in Himachal

Pradesh.

Research Methodology:

Keeping in the view the objectives of the study the

research design employed for the same is of descriptive

type, available secondary data is largely used for the

study. Different news articles, books, research papers and

websites were used which were enumerated and

recorded.

Challenges for apple production:

1. Climate change: Apple production is, as any other

output has been the consequence of action and interaction

of numbers of inputs. There are a number of factors,

change in snowfall pattern, low chilling hour etc. Any

variations in weather also bring huge variation in

productivity. The need of the hour is to put together the

developmental efforts in such a way that the climatic

hazards are minimized.

2. Decrease in the area under apple crop: Due to the

urbanization area under apple, cultivation is decreasing

day by day. Fertile land is used for construction purpose.

The adverse environmental condition leads to shifting to

other crops; rise in temperature is also the reason for the

decrease in area under apple crop.

3. Low productivity: Apple productivity in general,

has shown a declining trend of in Himachal Pradesh due

to a warmer climate and low chilling hours during winter

and adequate growth during warmer summers. The apple

growing area is rapidly shifting from lower elevations to

higher elevations, and larger congenial areas have been

reduced for the cultivation of apple.

4. Diseases in apple trees: Diseases in apple trees

presently are a menace to apple growers. They are dealing

with the problem of disease and pests like apple

scab,canker, red mite, woolly apple aphid etc. which is a

big threat to the apple industry. This is a grim situation

faced by apple growers. The fungicides and insecticides

available are not effective and liable to eradicate the

problem permanently.

5. High Labour cost: Labour is another problem in

apple production. Because all the work is done manually.

At every stage, there is a need for labour. Shortage of

labour at the harvesting stage creates dif culty to

growers. Because of the perishable nature of apple

growers have to pay additional or high wages to labourer

to complete the work in time.

6. Storage facility: There are no storage facilities in

apple growing areas. As the nature of apple is perishable

growers forced to sell their produce immediately.

Whether the market is stable or they get a fair price for

their produce. If there is a proper storage facility they can

sell their produce when the market is stable and they will

get a fair price for the produce.

7. Marketing of apple: marketing of apple is a

complex phenomenon. Distribution channels consist of a

large number of middlemen between apple producers and

the consumers. Marketing pattern of apple is entirely

different from other agriculture commodities. First, they

are brought to the wholesaler or commission agents

market and then supplied to the terminal market. The

process of dispersal in apple is in reverse direction.

8. Lack of organized and regulated Market: It is well

known fact that there is a large chain of commission agents, a

wholesaler in the apple market. The dominance of these

intermediaries does not let the market to be organized.

Moreover, the apple market is not organized and regulated by

the government/ institutional framework so that minimum

price concept for apple can be implemented and market risk

can be minimized so that growers should be bene tted.



Future prospects for apple production vision

2030: 1. Under the 2030 vision the target of total production

must be achieved without increasing the area under

cultivation potentially utilizing the scienti c,

technical and conventional strengths for sustainable

production.

2. Due to the continuous changes in climate and raise in

temperature 4 percent production of apple will be a

decline in 2030. There is a need to identify the future

opportunities and threats to the horticultural region

and horticulture production due to climatic change.

3. Climate torrent plants, disease-free plants should be

introduced and these plants should be provided to the

growers at a subsidized rate.

4. The best management practices and marketing

practices should be developed and implemented in

agriculture practices for fruit cultivation, which

leads to more adaptation and involvement of

machinery in agriculture and horticulture.

5. Identify additional export opportunities for Indian

growers.

6. Development of more advanced weather forecasting

tools that can be utilized for mapping out climate

change and climate unpredictability especially

frequent changes in temperature that hamper

horticulture.

7. Discovering alternative region that might be

appropriate for production to attain bene ts of

these market opportunities available.

8. Analyzing the effects of climate change in different

competitor countries to India. So that protective measure

should be taken.

Conclusion:

Horticulture is by far the largest horticulture industry in

Himachal Pradesh. Horticulture has proved to be the most

remunerative and important to the number of Himachal

farmers as it improves their economic condition. But the

product ion and market ing of hort iculture are

experiencing frequent changes world wide. As we all

know climate change is one of the most alarming factors

at present in apple production. Due to the rapid change in

weather there is a need to introduce weather tolerant

plants, hybrid varieties of apple and disease free plants

should be introduced. Growers need to be educated

regarding new technologies used in production and

marketing so that they can compete with continuous

competition from other countries. And also increasing

productivity without increasing area of production,

storage facility should be there in every production area,

the cost of labour should be curtailed and organised

markets should be formed by govt. so, the hassle- free

production and marketing can be done.

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15. Sen, V., Rana, R. S., Chauhan, R.C., Aditya

(2015).Impact of climate variability on apple

production and diversity inKullu valley, Himachal

Pradesh, Indian Journal of Horticulture.,72(1):14-

20.

16. Basannagri, B., Kala, C. P. (2013).Climate Change

and Apple Farming in Indian Himalayas: A study of

local perception and responses,Indian Institute of

Forest Management Bhopal., 08(10): 1-12

17. Reshi, M. I., Malik, M. A., Kumar, V.(2010).Assessment

of problems and prospects of apple production and

marketing in Kashmir Valley, Indian Journal of

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1082

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productivity in Himachal Pradesh-India 60th

International

Executive Council meeting & 5th

Asian Regional

Conference, New Delhi., 1-9



Workforce Diversity in Organizations Rahul Dev Bakshi

Assistant Professor


Management,



Rahul Dev Bakshi

[email protected]

TIME LAG

Introduction:

Diversity is any dimension that can be

used to recognize, accommodate and

value differences. The concept of

diversity encompasses acceptance and

respect. It means understanding that

each individual is unique and different

on various parameters like race,

language, beliefs, emotions, nancial

status, behavior. Workforce diversity

within an organization helps the

employees to engage with different

people in a real and practical manner.

Diversity must be accommodated in a

positive manner in organizations to

achieve the desired goals. Diversity is

classi ed in primary and secondary

dimensions. Primary dimensions

include the differences which can not be

changed like age, gender, race, etc.

Secondary dimensions include the

variables like income, education,

parental and marital status, etc.

Workforce diversity contributes more



Revised on : 18.10.2018


Abstract

India is the country of diversity in unity. Diversity is differences, variations among

people andunderstanding how people depend on each another, their different

lifestyles, religious beliefs, opinions, etc. Workforce diversity is thevariations

among employees on various parameters like culture, age, gender, ethnicity,

educational background, etc. Employees in an organization consist of various

qualities, experiences different from each another on an individual basis. Everyone

has to go through the diverse environment at each and every step of life whether in

personal life or professional life. Sometimes diversity in professional life is not

optional employees have to adopt the diverse culture willingly or unwillingly which

further enhance employee's skills and abilities. on the other hand, diversity in

organizations also provide ample opportunities like innovative ideas, change in

attitude regarding a particular culture, feeling of cooperation among colleagues

related to different backgrounds. Presence of diversity in an organization is

theevidence that the organization is heterogeneous in terms of workforce. The

major subject matter of this paper is workforce diversity. The study focuses on how

diversi ed workforce is managed in organizations and its impact on the

organization's survival as well as determining how organizations deal with the

challenges that come from a diverse workforce.

Keywords: lifestyles, innovative, workforce.

To Cite: Bakshi, R.D. (2018). Workforce Diversity in Organizations. HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary

Research and Development, 1(1), 29-32.



more creativity in organizations. Competitive strength of the organization, productivity boosts up frequently. More solutions can be offered to customers because of new ideas and methods adopted in the organization. Workforce diversity increases the ef ciency of employees to work more effectively in a competitive manner. Workforce diversity leads to change the working attitude among employees as employees from different backgrounds work collectively with different mindsets having innovative and creative ideas. Workforce diversity opens the doors for the organizations to enter in the global market as there are employees with language diversity in an organization which is familiar with different languages. Workforce diversity is a source of goodwill for the organizations as workforce diversity is evidence that the organization does not involve employment discrimination.

Review of Literature Priscilla Dike (2013) reveals in “The impact of workplace diversity on organizations” that Managers should be prepared to change some part of their company techniques when the diversity management techniques adopted are not working effectively and the vision for change must be communicated effectively. Further, it was mentioned that managers should adopt some change management principles to guide them on the decision making of the change. The researcher also suggested a future study on, “The implications of workplace diversity on employee”. Elizabeth Foma (2014) reported in “Impact of Workplace Diversity” that management is essential in every business which focuses and prioritize diverse hiring due to many bene ts that diversity brings with some minor set backs. Further, it was suggested that each of the different organizations has to create a diversity management plan that is apt and according to their unique needs. Darwin Joseph R. (2015) concluded in “The Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance in Singapore Organisations” that the diversity of all three demographic pro les of the workforce - namely age, gender and ethnicity - does not signi cantly impact the performance of employees. Further, it was concluded that organization culture, human resource practices, nature of work and business strategy of individual rms are different from each other. Aydan Ordu (2016) states in “The effects of diversity management on job satisfaction and individual performance of teachers” that diversity management in educat iona l inst it ut ions and

determination of their performance are based on teachers' perceptions. It was suggested that apart from individual performance, group performance can also be addressed.

Objective To study the impact of workforce diversity in the organization

Need of the Study In today's business era, people are getting more aware of the happenings in their surroundings and this awareness leads to cut throat competition in the corporate sector. Diverse people work in the diverse environment and they have to accept each other's differences. Due to this, there is an urgent need to study the impact of workforce diversity in different organizations.

Scope of the Study The workforce is the key asset of any organization. Workforce Diversit y becomes a challenge for organizations as well it provides ample opportunities for their betterment. People with diverse mind set come with innovative and unique ideas for development; on the other hand, sometimes language barrier and cultural background become a hindrance in organizational growth. Workforce diversity has a wider area to cope up with the study “Workforce Diversity in Organizations” focuses on diverse workforce working in the corporate world in general.

Research Methodology The research basically focused on the impact of workforce diversity on organizations. The research is descriptive in nature. The focus of the study is on various diverse parameters age, gender, cultural and educational background along with bene ts of workforce diversity and challenges faced by organizations due to a diverse workforce. Bene ts of workforce diversity along with challenges faced by organizations due to a diverse workforce.

Discussion The research study reveals employees' differences, similarities, behavior, experiences, etc. These are some of the identi cations which have a direct or indirect impact on their individual performance and organizational performance as well. In this paper, some of the essentials,



their bene ts, challenges are also considered for providing a valuable outcome.

Diversity on basis of Age In an organization diverse age group, people are working. Most of the time old age people have more experience than the younger ones. They seek more attention because of their working experience and age factor also. on the other hand, youngsters nowadays prefer smart work instead of hard work. Their mind set is quite different from old ones. They focus on implementing their knowledge practically which they gained during studies. Here there is a need to manage the diverse workforce properly so that ultimate goals can be achieved smoothly.

Diversity on basis of Gender Diverse workforce always seeks attention in most of the organizations. Preference of the organizations is smart workers not male and female. Except for some manufacturing units where mostly, male employees are preferred because of hard work. Today's market scenario is different as there is technological upgradation which is not gendered biased. Nowadays, females are evolved as self-dependent which creates a feeling of equality among males and females. Diversity on the basis of Culture India is a nation with diverse cultures which leads to unity in diversity. When it comes to the corporate world every employee work together to achieve the common goal of the organization. Different culture working under one roof elevate mind set of employees which helps in organizational growth and individual growth as well. Simultaneously, sometimes cultural diversity become a challenge for the organizations as people with different mind set give preference to their opinion. Managing diverse cultures is crucial for any organization. The feeling of togetherness is required in any rm, no culture is superior or inferior. Every culture has own positive and negative outlooks which cannot be ignored.

Diversity on the basis of Educational background Education is an essential variable in every organization. People having different educational backgrounds work together to ful ll an organizational goal. Employees work in an effective manner as per their educational level. There must be no biases among employees on the basis of education. Collectively working together with the

different educational background is not always easy, sometimes the attitude of employees having higher education become negative for people having low education or feeling of inferiority occurs among employees with lesser education. Managing all the employees with diverse education is a very typical task but necessary to do to develop an organization positively.

Bene ts of Diversity in Organizations Diversity in the workplace is a valuable asset of any organization. People with a different background, qualities, behavior or any other diverse parameters work collectively to achieve a common goal. A diverse workforce provides valuable output to the organizations. It helps the organization and individual employee as well to enhance skills and abilities which can further be utilized in the similar or different organization at the same time or later on in future. A diverse workforce, provides innovative ideas. Different people having different mindset providing their opinion on the same problem which helps the organization to select the optimum and unique one. In diverse workforce people with different languages works together which can be a valuable asset for any organization. Different languages open the doors for organizations to work globally. It also provides opportunities for employees to learn different languages for their personal growth also. workforce diversity enhances the personal skills of employees as people with different backgrounds work on the same platform which makes them feel a sense of equality which have a direct impact on their work performance and their morale as well.

Challenges of Diversity in organizations Diversity in organizations is very important but as everything comes with two faces diversity also have some negative outcomes along with positive ones. At some points organizations have to face some challenges due to workforce diversity. These challenges become a great hindrance in organizational development. Challenges like communication barrier and resistance to change in organization due to workforce diversity which act as a barrier in routine working of the organization. Employees cannot be able to convey their viewpoints thus a better idea just remained an idea. Technology is upgrading day by day but the mind set of people is not developing at the same speed which leads to resist change. A diverse workforce has various kinds of fears in their mind like



fear of losing a job, the feeling of inferiority because with the advancement of technology expectations also grows up from the employees which they think they will not be able to perform properly.

Conclusion and Suggestions It can be concluded on the basis of the above study that workforce diversity has been proved as a valuable asset to any organization. More the diverse workforce more diverse will be the organization. A well-managed working environment with diverse mind sets enhances the skills and abilities of employees working together. With increased skills level employees become more ef cient and competitive. Simultaneously there are some drawbacks or challenges which an organization is facing with a diverse workforce like communication barrier, resistance to change, different beliefs and opinions of employees. There is a need to deal with these problems. Therefore, it is suggested that proper diversity training should be provided to the employees and morale of the employee must be up so that they can communicate with each other without any hesitation and changes should be welcomed by the employee. These problems should be tackled at its level best.

References 1. Dike Priscilla (2013) “The impact of workplace diversity on organizations” www.theseus. /bitstream

/handle/10024/63581/Thesisxx.pdf.

2. Foma Elizabeth (2014) “Impact of workplace diversity”Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 3(1)

3. Joseph. R. Darwin (2015) “The Effect of Workforce Diversity on Employee Performance in Singapore Organizations”

4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273529076

5. Article February 2015. 10.5430/ijba. V6n2p17

6. Ordu Aydan (2016) “The effects of diversity management on job satisfact ion and individual performance of teachers” vol. 11(3), pp. 105-112.10 February, 201610.5897/ERR2015.2573


http://www.researchgate.net/publication/273529076


Contribution of Private and Public Players in the

Field of Life Insurance Kavita Sharma* & Mukesh Kumar**

Assistant professors


Management,


Corresponding Authors

Kavita Sharma

Mukesh Kumar

[email protected]

TIME LAG Introduction:

P r e s e n t l y 2 4 l i f e i n s u r a n c e

playersarepresent in India. Out of

them23 are Private Life Insurance

Corporat ions and one is Public

Insurance Corporation i.e., LIC. The

main purpose of LICs is to share the risk

of human life. It offers unpredictable

and uncertain events such as death, old

age bene t s, occupat ional r isk

protection and safety i.e. theft, accident,

re, earthquake etc. LIC display

various economics exercises like

banking,

manufacturing, t ransportation,

insurance and trading. The Indian

Government allowed up to 49%. Of

FDI. The Insurance sector is divided

into two parts i.e,

1) LIC

2) GIC

Private insurance companies in India

have registered an increase of 26% in

annual new business premium for the

month of May 2016. LIC registered an

increase of 22% (year-on-year). All

insurance companies working under



Revised on : 24.10.2018


Abstract

The underwriter was the rst life insurer to start a life insurance policy on the life

of the merchants, crew and ship owner. WILLIAM GIBBONS was the rst

person who insured for the period of 12 months on 18th June 1583. It has been

con rmed that the Oriental Life Insurance Company is India's rst insurance

company, which was introduced by the European people in Kolkata in 1818. To

regulate the businesslife, as per the guideline of The Indian Life Assurance

Companies Act, 1912, it was the rst legal company. In 1928, the Indian

Insurance Company Act was executed to facilitate the government to collect

statistical information about both LIC and GIC business passed in India by

Indian and foreign insurance companies. In 1938, the rst law was secured and

modi ed by offering the Insurance Act, 1938 with an extensive board for effective

control over the activities of insiders to protect the interests of insurance law. In

1956 the life insurance companies werenationalized name and style Life

Insurance Corporation of India. Total154 Indian, 16 non-Indian insurance

Companies as also 75 provident societies-245 Indian and foreign insurers are

absorbed by The LIC The LIC was the

rst Insurance companywhose monopoly exist till the late 90s when the

Insurance sector was reopened to the private sector.

Key Terms: Growth of LIC, the New policy of LIC, Market Share of LICs

To Cite: Sharma,K.& Kumar,M. (2018). Contribution of Private and Public Players in the Field of Life Insurance.

HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 33-36.



the control of the Insurance Regulatory and Development

Authority of insurance companies in India. All insurance

companies are working in India under the control of

IRDA of India.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To know the development of private and public

players in the eld of Life Insurance.

To analyze the market share of life insurance in India.

To ascertain the claim settlement ratio of the various

insurance sector in India

To understand the LIC 2016s New Life Insurance

Policies.

To consider the leading private life insurance players

in India.

LIMITATION The study is planted on a secondary approach of data. Data is not enough to study. A Limited number of topics were included in the study

MAJOR PRIVATE LIFE INSURANCE PLAYERS IN INDIA There are top 10 private life insurance companies in India. LIC SBI Life Insurance Reliance Nippon life Insurance Company Birla Sun Life Insurance ICICI Prudential Life Insurance ING Vysya Bank TATAAIG Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Max Life Insurance HDFC Life

N E W P O L I C I E S O F L I F E I N S U R A N C E

CORPORATION OF INDIA

The LIC has launched four types of new insurance

policies up to September 2016. The policies names are:

1) Jeevanpragati.

2) JeevanLabh plan.

3) Jeevanshikhar

4) LIC's JeevanAnand

JEEVAN PRAGATI

LIC of India introduced this plan on 3rd

Feb, 2016. It is a

non-linked plan which provides a subsidy support plan. In

this plan at every 5 years during the term policy, death

sum guaranteed undoubtedly increases. This plan no. is

838. The minimum entry age of plan is 12 yrs completed

and maximum age limit is 45. It is a policy of 12-20 years

term and the method of payment is zero on annually, half-

yearly, quarterly and monthly. Under this policy there is

no limit to the maximum basic sum insured but the

minimum basic sum insured is the limit. 1,50,000 Loans

under this scheme can be surrendered after 3 years and

after 3 years of full premium payment.

FEATURES OF JEEVAN PRAGATI PLAN

LIC's Jeevan pragati is a not associated policy which

provides a combination of savings cum protection.

This plan offers the 10 times of the sum assured risk

coverage.

This plan also offers credit facility to their ower

holder.

Its prime award form build upon the age of life sure

and sum assured of wisdom.

JEEVAN LABH

LIC of India introduced Jeevan Labh plan on 4th

Jan. 2016.

This scheme is a not associated scheme with limited

prime paying subsidy plan. This plan no. is 836. The

minimum entry age of plan is 8 yrs completed and

maximum age limit is 59. This 16 (10), 21 (15), 25 (16)

year duration policy and method of payment is annual,

half yearly quarterly and monthly. Under this policy there

is no limit to the maximum basic sum insured but the

minimum basic sum insured is the limit. 2,00,000 Under

this plan, the loan can be surrendered after 3 years and

after 3 years of full premium payment.

FEATURES OF JEEVAN LABH PLAN

This plan provides high returns due to high bonuses

Under this plan prime Payment Less than the maturity

year paid by policyholders.

In case of a child's education and marriage this plan is

more useful.

This plan also provides accident bene t.

Under this premium, the policy report has been

approved by income tax under payment 80C.

Under this fair treatment 10 (10D is tax-free)).

JEEVAN SHIKHAR

Life insurance Corporation launched a de ned time plan

named Jeevan Shikhar. This plan launched in January,



2016. Its maximum period is 120 days. Its main purpose

was to save the tax. This plan no. is 837. The minimum

entry age of plan is 6 yrs completed and maximum age

limit is 45 years (Nearest birthday). It is a 15 yr term

policy & mode of payment is one time (single premium).

Under this policy, There is no limit to the maximum basic

sum insured but the minimum basic sum insured is the

limit. 1,00,000 in the majority of 20,000 Under this

scheme, after three months and 3 months after loan (70

years of single premium in 1 year, 90% surrendered.

THE FEATURES OF THIS PLAN

This is a single premium plan which covers 10 times

your premium. If your premium is Rs. 2,00,000then

the sum insured will be Rs. 20,00,000.In this plan there

is no maximum limit.

Under this minimum maturity, the sum insured should

be Rs. 1,00,000.

It is acommon funding plan.

JEEVAN ANAND

Jeevan Anand is new plan of LIC. It is a non-linked plan

that strives for a combination of security and savings and

provides nancial protection against death during the

life time of the policy holder. This plan also concerned

the need and liquidity through its loan facility.

THE FEATURES OF THIS PLAN

JeevanAnand provides death bene ts.

in this plan, accidental death and disability bene t is

an inbuilt feature.

Under this, before Policy Maturity Death Bene t is

Sum Assured + accrued Bonus and after Policy

Maturity Death Bene t is only Sum Assured.

Hazardous occupation with additional premium can

be provided to people under this plan.

S o u rc e : w w w. m y i n s u r a n c e c l u b . c o m / l i f e -

insurance/companies/lic-of-india/jeevan-anand

GROWTH OF LIFE INSURANCE SECTOR IN

INDIA 2015-16

According to IRDA, LIC is the world's largest insurance

company in India. Its rst year premium income

increased by 24.7% in 2015-16While SBI is the fastest

growing private life insurance company in India. In the

area of life insurance sector, 24 players eliminated RS

58,286.40 million rupeesNew business premium

collected during the period April 2016-September 2016

According to the ICRA paper, the origin of the

performance of nine insurance companies in India. There

is an expected increase of 12-15% in the nancial year

2016-17, out of which eight in the public sector and one in

the private sector.

IRDA CLAIM SETTLEMENT RATIO IN 2015- 2016

YEAR FOR INSURERS:

In 2015-2016, Max Life Insurance Company has a good

CSR (Claim Settlement Ratio). It can reject 1.5 percent of

the claim claims of 91.5% in only 30 days.

There are pending claims of 4.35% rejection in HDFC

Life Insurance. Pending claims are in 14% and the

prescribed claims are 76% within 30 days.



CONCLUSION

In the improvement of the national economy, the life

insurance players play an important role. To attract their policyholders the private life insurance companies provides numerous new policies. Humans have to face a lot of health problems in the modern competitive term. India's IRDA and LIC should pay attention to presenting new plans to face the health problems of humans from day to day activities. The Life Insurance Corporation of India should educate the importance of insurance to the general public through an agent and corporate social responsibility activity.

REFERENCES [1] www.policybazaar.com [2] www.ibef.org [3] www.irdai.gov.in [4] www.licindia.in

[5] Elements of insurance- Dr.A.Murthy.


http://www.policybazaar.com/

http://www.ibef.org/

http://www.irdai.gov.in/

http://www.licindia.in/


Relationship between Education Career Preference and Verbal Intelligence among Senior Secondary School Students Shahina Ansari

Assistant Professor


Education,



Shahina Ansari

[email protected]

TIME LAG

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To compare ve groups of senior

secondary school students exhibiting

different levels of fondness for

Education career with respect to their

mean verbal intelligence.

HYPOTHESIS

Five groups of senior secondary school

students exhibiting different levels of

fondness for Education career will

differ signi cantly with respect to

their mean verbal intelligence.

DELIMITATIONS

The study was delimited in the

following aspect:

The sample was con ned to the

students studying in senior secondary

schools situated in district Sirmour of

Himachal Pradesh.

SAMPLING

In the present study, a sample of 304

s t udent s was drawn f rom ve

Government Senior Secondary Schools

situated in rural and urban areas of

Sirmour District of Himachal Pradesh.

It is worth mentioning that all these

schools followed the curriculum

prescribe by the Himachal Pradesh

Board of School Education. Due to the

paucity of time and limited scope of the

study, the schools were selected on the

basis of convenience. However, it was

observed that the selected schools are

spread over a wider area.



Revised on : 26.10.2018


Abstract

An individual selects a vocation for himself. Choosing a vocation is an inevitable event of

modern social life. The present study aimed at studying the relationship of Education

career preference and verbal intelligence of senior secondary school students. To

serve this purpose, a sample of 304 class XII students was drawn from ve

senior secondary schools situated in District Sirmour of Himachal Pradesh.

General Mental Ability Test by Jalota and Career Preference Record by

Bhargava and Bhargava were administered to total sample of 304 students.

To Cite: Ansari, S. (2018). Relationship between Education Career Preference and Verbal Intelligence among Senior

Secondary School Students. HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development , 1(1), 37-39.



were placed under the category “Low Career

Preference”.

The total sample of 304 students was divided into ve

sub-categories indicating their level of fondness for

Education career. The results are given as under :

TOOLS TO BE USED

To collect the requisite data for the present study the

investigator used General Mental Ability Test by Jalota

and Career Preference Record by Bhargava and

Bhargava.

STATISTICS TO BE APPLIED

The techniques of frequency distribution and Analysis of

Variance were used to analyse the data in the present

study.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

General Mental Ability Test by Jalota and Career

Preference Record by Bhargava and Bhargava were

administered to total sample of 304 students. Both the

tools were scored as per the respective manuals and

scores thus obtained were tabulated for further analysis.

The analysis and interpretation of the data were carried

out in the manner detailed below:

The students were placed under different career

preference categories as per the criteria are given in the

manual of the test. The details of this categorization are

given below:

A. The students who scored 18-20 for a particular

career were placed under the category “High Career

Preference”.

B. The students who scored 14-17 for a particular

career were placed under the category “Above

Average Career Preference”.

C. The students who scored 7-13 for a particular career

were placed under the category “Average Career

Preference”.

D. The students who scored 4-6 for a particular career

were placed under the category “Below Average

Career Preference”.

E. The students who scored 0-3 for a particular career

These ve groups of students were compared with

respect to their mean scores on verbal intelligence.

Before applying the statistical technique of

ANOVA, all the ve groups were equated in terms of N.

Since, the minimum number of students falling in sub-

category `Low' was 31, 30 students from each of the ve

categories were selected randomly. Thus

the total sample for the purpose of studying relationship

of Education career preference with verbal intelligence

through ANOVA came out to be 150. The means for the

groups of students falling under abovementioned ve

sub-categories on the variable of Verbal Intelligence are

given below :

Table presents the results of Analysis of Variance for

ve groups of senior secondary school students

exhibiting different levels of fondness for Education

career in respect of their scores on Verbal Intelligence.

Table : Results of Analysis of Variance for ve

groups of senior secondary school students

exhibiting different strengths for Education career

preference in respect of their scores on Verbal

Intelligence


* Not Signi cant at 0.05 level of con dence

Table: The distribution of the sample


It is revealed from Table that F-value came out to be 0.24

which is not signi cant at 0.05 level of con dence.

This indicates that ve groups of senior secondary

school students exhibiting different levels of fondness

for Education career do not differ signi cantly with

respect to their mean scores on Verbal Intelligence.

Hence, the hypothesis that “Five groups of senior

secondary school students exhibiting different levels of

fondness for Education career will differ significantly

with respect to their mean verbal intelligence” was

rejected.

Hence, it may be said that senior secondary school

students possess more or less similar level of verbal

intelligence irrespective of their level of fondness for

Education career.

CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY

The present study deals with the relationship of career

preference and verbal intelligence among senior

secondary school students. The ndings of the present

study indicates that Senior secondary school students

possess more or less similar level of verbal intelligence

irrespective of their level of fondness for Education

career.

REFERENCES

1. Ansari, M.A.; Rehana; Krishna, K.P. and Ahmed, I.

( 1984 ) . Psychodynamics of Occupat ional

Preferences and Values. Indian Psychological

Review, 26 (1), pp. 16-22.

2. Barnett, Rosaland C. (1975). Sex Differences and

Age Trends in Occupational Preferences and

Occupational Prestige. Journal of Counselling

Psychology, 22 (1), pp. 35-38.

3. Bhatnagar, Harmohan ( 1982 ) . A Study of

Occupational Choices of Adolescent Girls and

Factors Influencing them. Unpublished Ph.D.

Thesis. Department of Education, Himachal Pradesh

University, Shimla (H.P.), India, pp. 402-403.

4. Bogie, Donald W. (1976). Occupational Aspiration-

Expectation Discrepancies Among High School

Seniors. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 24 (3), pp.

250-255.

5. Coleman, C.S. (1985). Career Expectations and

Aspirations of Male High School Seniors in the

Republic of Korea , Dissertation Abstract

International, University of southern California, pp.

3329- A.

6. Land, Kenneth C. (1971). The Self Re exing Act

and the Att itude Formation Process.

American Sociological Review, Vol. 36, No.6, pp.

1085-1098.

7. Mehta, Perin H. and Juneja, Swadesh (1969). Birth

Order, Vocational Preference and Vocational

Expectation. Indian Journal of Psychology, 44, pp.

57-70.

8. Pradhan, Nityananda (1995). Vocational Interest of

Higher Secondary Girl Students in Relation to Their

Stream of Study. The Progess of Education, Vol.

LXX (4), pp. 78-80.

9. Siegfried, W.D.; Macfarlane, I.; Graham, D.R.;

Moore, N. A. and Young, P. L. ( 1981 ) . A

R examination of Six Differences in Job Preferences.

Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 18, pp. 30-42.

10. Tara, P. (1980). A Study of Self-Concept, Level of

Aspiration and Interests among Pre-Adolescents of

Various Socio-Economic Groups. Unpublished

Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Psychology, BH

University.

11. Thorndike, E.L. et.al. (1927). The Measurement of

Intelligence, Bureau of Publications, Teacher's

College, Columbia University.

12. Walia, J.S. (2011). The Learner and Teaching-

Learning Process. Jalandhar: Ahim Paul Publishers,

p. 243.



ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ROLE OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA Shallu Dhiman

Assistant Professor


Management,



Shallu Dhiman

[email protected]

TIME LAG

INTRODUCTION Entrepreneurship is not restricted to business and pro t. But in actual "Entrepreneurship involves bringing about change to achieve some bene t. This bene t may be nancial but it also involves the satisfaction of knowing you have changed something for the better”. There are so many pull factors that attract the individual to go through entrepreneurship as a career option.

It includes the high need for inter- dependence, to get a high nancial reward, opportunity to deal with each and every aspect of the business. Problems like lack of knowledge, raising funds, product problem, dealing with competition, liquidity etc. also faced by entrepreneurs. Today, it is important for the entrepreneur business owners and marketers to understand how to in uence and educate the

potential customers through proper Mass communicative tools. Thanks to the internet and social media through which entrepreneurs were able to communicate and inform the potential customers with the very effective way so that they will consciously look after the products and services provided by the entrepreneurs to the general public for their betterment.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE According to one of the News of August 2017 published by Harpreet Singh Dua in “ Economic times “. Traditional media like Newspaper, Radio, and TV were taken as effective ways to reaching out to a large Audience but still Proper interaction cannot possible through traditional media. Because of Real-time responsiveness also very dif cult in Traditional Media.



Revised on : 29.10.2018


Abstract

This paper examines the role of the internet and social media in the

entrepreneurship. It is a globally accepted fact that through the Internet and social

media people were able to interact with so many people at a time. As well as they can

easily share their ideas information and learn lots of new ways of doing business.

The purpose of this paper to discuss the platform and social networking sites where

a new idea can generate which leads to Innovate something new and share for the

development of the economy and increase the goodwill of product and services

provided by entrepreneurs.Hence this paper evaluates how social media boost

entrepreneurship and how different social media platforms help marketers and

entrepreneurs to interact with target customers.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Social – Media, Internet, Social Networking sites.

To Cite: Dhiman, S. (2018). Entrepreneurship: Role of Internet and Social Media. HGPI International Journal of

Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(1), 40-42.



On the other hand, with the help of social media, it becomes easy to personally communicate, Personal- isation broadcast messages.

Eunice Mukolwe (2016) Reported in his work “ Social Media and Entrepreneurship tools bene t and Challenges – A case study of women online Entrepreneurs on kilimani Mums Marketplace on Facebook“ that Social media gives women entrepreneurs an opportunity to connect in a very personal and meaningful way with their customers. According to him, however, it is only social media that allows consumers to participate and propagate their views. Research suggested that one should conscious about the social media strategy and analyse that which media best work for the business.

This Present paper studied Different social media

platforms which contribute for entrepreneurs in growing

their Business.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The Objective of this paper is to discuss and study the

signi cance of the internet and social media in

entrepreneurship. How Different Social Networking sites

gave their valuable contribution in Marketing activities,

Engagement with the customers and audience, boosting

sales Etc.

MAJOR HYPOTHESIS INCLUDES

While collecting data and going through research it is

assumed that:-

1) Every age group persons are active on social media and they know how to sur ng the internet.

2) Internet and social media is the mean of fast sharing of information compared to any other mean.

RESEARCH METHODLOGY

Data and information collected for this paper are

descriptive in nature. Secondary sources like magazines,

newspaper, books were taken into consideration at the

time of collecting data. Journals and various other

publications also gave their valuable contribution to this

paper.

R O L E O F I N T E R N E T A N D S O C I A L

NETWORKING SITES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Social media provide great marketing opportunities to the

entrepreneurs. Gradually through the internet and social

media entrepreneurship is converted into “Netpreneur-

ship”. Where the people who make or deliver products

and services for and over digital network. Netpreneurship

is basically a small startup which is solely online internet

based and where there is no physical of ce. In this

website, blog, e- presence is their only of ce. Well, the

internet is as powerful as oxygen. Now it becomes very

easy for the idea generators to make their idea

implemented ef ciently. Here are some of the Social

Networking sites as under

1) LinkedIn: LinkedIn, is one of the professional

business related site, this networking site allows

companies and individual creators to create

professional pro les. So that they can contact the

people having same professions or any other.

2) Google+: Google+ is also one of the internet based

social network. It includes hangouts, communities,

YouTube, Google search, Google, Gmail and also

many others. In entrepreneurship, one can encourage

Review from customers and clients on google+.

YouTube is also one of the second largest search

engines in the world. which helps the entrepreneurs

to promote their business and product through

different-different channels or by creating their own

Channels. Here entrepreneurs can also promote their

business through ads.

3) Twitter: It is a Microbloging service. In which users

can follow each other and post or “tweet" a message

but there is a limit that maximum it may be 140

characters. It helps entrepreneurs to contact or reach

a global audience for a very small cost. And

sometimes it's free. It also provides service to

promote and sell the brand. On this platform,

entrepreneurs can see the response and also what

customers really feel about their brand and product

4) Pinterest: Pinterest is launched in March 2010,

Pinterest is a relative newcomer in the social media

arena. This platform include digital bulletin board

where business can pin their content .Half of all US

millennial use Pinterest. One can create a Pinterest

business account rather than a personal account. If

entrepreneurs have their personal account then they

can convert it into a business account. Here

entrepreneur can look for seeking out ideas for the

products and other means product.

5) Facebook: It is also one of the social networking Site.



With its help entrepreneurs can simply getting their

business in front of their target audience. One can

connect with large number of potential customers

and get knowledge regarding the other competitor

actions also. Entrepreneurs can create pages related

to their business and promote their business through

this networking site. In March 2018 Facebook is the

number one of the top 10 social media sites. Whether

the entrepreneur's goal is brand awareness, online

conversation, idea generation, Facebook is helpful in

reaching the goal of used properly.

6) Instagram: It is also one of the visual platform, As

one can publish posts like photos and videos. It is

based on the concept that “showing is better than

telling”.

There are many other networking sites where

entrepreneurs can make their business grow .and they can

advertise their products also to attract more and most

potential customers.

B E N E F I T S O F S O C I A L M E D I A I N

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Here are some of the bene ts of social media in

entrepreneurship.

1) A Special role in idea generation and analysis.

2) Helpful in increasing popularity.

3) Humanize the brand.

4) Helpful in increasing website Traf c.

5) Engagement with the customer and audience.

6) Helpful in KYC.

7) Helpful in keeping eye on target or potential

customer.

8) Awareness about competitors.

9) Monitoring the result.

10) Analysis of feedback and reviews.

11) Know new business opportunities and competitive

analysis.

CHALLENGES FACED BY ENTREPRENEURS

W H I L E U S I N G S O C I A L M E D I A I N

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Internet and social media make it very easy for everyone

to access information and get knowledge regarding

different products and services available to them. But

still, entrepreneurs have to face many problems while

promoting their product and services through social

media. Entrepreneurs have to face every type of

customers. Sometime they have to face negative

comments, Complaints on social media which have a

negative impact on the other customers also. In such case

sometime loss of potential customer also can be possible.

And most of the people still using social media for

communication purpose, not for purchasing and product

knowledge orientation. Good internet connectivity is also

very important for this which is the biggest issue in some

areas. Negative social media posts also have negative

Impact.

CONCLUSION

Social media gives an opportunity to the entrepreneurs to

link with potential customers. Because it is social media

that allows general public and the customer to share their

views and participate freely. It is also true that only

through social media entrepreneurs can't make their

business run and successful. There are many other factors

also which in uences success. But still it is suggested

that entrepreneurs should not avoid using something

new and should encourage the public to give their

genuine contribution and participation.

REFERENCES

1. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/blog.hootsuite.com/social-

media-for-business/amp/

2. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.entrepreneur.com/a

mphtml/284178

3. https://www.lyfemarketing.com/blog/importance-social-

media-business/

4. https://www.business2community.com/google-plus/7-

reasons-using-google-business-01126869/amp

5. https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/m.economictimes.com/sm

all-biz/sme-sector/power-of-social-media-a-win-win-

m a r k e t i n g - s t r a t e g y - f o r - s m e s / a m p _ a r t i c l e s h o w

/60231774.cms


http://www.google.co.in/amp/s/blog.hootsuite.com/social-

http://www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.entrepreneur.com/a

http://www.lyfemarketing.com/blog/importance-social-

http://www.business2community.com/google-plus/7-

http://www.google.co.in/amp/s/m.economictimes.com/sm


E-way Bill Bhawana Arora

Assistant Professor


Management,



Bhawana Arora

[email protected]

TIME LAG

Introduction E-way bill is an electronic Permit of Transport at ion of goods. I t i s mandatory by the Government under Section 68 under the Rule of 138 of the Goods and Services Tax Act. It is charged when the value of goods for Consignment exceeding 50,000 ( fty thousand rupees). The consignor or consignee is responsible for the generation of an e-way bill. For the registration of e-way bill rstly registered under GST Common Portal (www.gst.gov.in).After the registration of GST go to the portal of an e-way bill ( www. ewaybil lgst . gov.) Inusing GSTIN. Once GSTIN is entered, the system sends an OTP to his registered mobile number, registered with GST Portal and after authenticating the same, the system enables him to generate his/ her username and

password for the e-way bill system.

Objectives The objective of my study is to

understand the basic concept of the e-way bill.

To analysis how it is connected with GST.

To understand the online process forlling the E-way bill.

Parties involved in E-way bill Consignor: A person who sends the

goods. Consignee: A person who receive the

goods. Transporter:A Middleman who

provides atransportation/ Vehicle to deliver the goods from consignor to consignee. It plays an important role in E-way bill. Without Transporter ID , E-way bill



Revised on : 31.10.2018


Abstract

After the GST new Phenomenon was launched on 1stApril 2018. It has destination

based approach. It is used to monitor the movements of goods from consignor or

consignee through online mode. It is applicable for transportation by Rail, Road, Air

or Ship. There are many ways to ll the E-way bill by using Web-based system,

by SMS,by Android App, by Bulk generation, by Site-to-Site integration; by

GSP (Goods and Services Tax Suvidha Provider)In this Paper I am discussing

theWeb based system. This research paper is completely informative because

maximum people are not aware of what is actually E-way bill and how it works. Its

advantages are more than their Drawbacks.

Keywords: Consigner, Consignee, Vehicle, GST, Goods, Movements

To Cite: Arora, B. (2018). E-way Bill. HGPI International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development,

1(1), 43-46.



is not Exist. He is responsible for providing the full detail

of regarding the vehicle to Government. Earlier for any

consignment transporter was free from everything.

Web Address that is required to ll E-way bill:

www.gst.gov.in

www.ewaybillgst.gov

E-way bill Registration& its related problem:

For registration of E-way bill user should register them

on Portal of www.ewaybillgst.gov and user will get

username and password.

Whenever User has the problem for online access with

incorrect username and password. Click the 'Forgot

Username' or 'Forgot Password' option on the portal

.for the password reenter the username or create a new

password or change the new password.

The user needs to enter some details after

authenticating the same via an OTP, and then user will

be provided with the username and password.

Sometimes the user has to face the problem of 'Your

account has been frozen”

It means that GSTIN has been de-activated in the GST

Common Portal.User need to GSTIN under “search

taxpayer” tab.

If theincorrect username and password accessfor more

than 5 times. Your login Id will be blocked.After a few

minutes it will be unblocked.

Sometimes the user can access the GST portal but

cannot access the e-way bill portal. For this user can

log in to https://selfservice.gstsystem.in/.

Validity of the E-way bill:

GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network) will

generate e-way bills that will be valid for one to 15

days.

The Validity of the e-way bill depends upon the

distance the goods from consignor to the consignee.

1 day Permit has been provided for a distance up to 100

km.

15 days Permit has been allowed more than 1,000 Km.

If the Over Dimensional Cargo vehicles, for every 20

KMs or part of its movement, one day validity is

provided.(Over Dimensional Cargo means a cargo

carried as a single indivisible unit and which exceeds

the dimensional limits prescribed in rule 93 of the

Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 made under the

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.)

Validity expires on the midnight of last day. Ex: 12:00

am.

Unique E- way bill number generated that works as a

Permit.

The e-way bill can be canceled within 1 day or 24

hours from the time of generation by the consignor.

The e-way bill can be canceled within 3 days or 72

hours from the time of generation by the consignee.

Types of Transaction:

E-way Bill has two main components. Inter-State or Intra

State. Currently inter state work is going on. New

guidelines for intrastate are introduced in Delhi from

16thJune 2018.Odisha was to rst state who is selected

for intrastate E-way bill on trail bases on 23rd

may 2018.

In the Intra States Maharashtra, Manipur, Lakshadweep,

Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Dadar & Nagar Haveli, Andaman and Nicobar from 25th may 2018.

Documents that need to be carried at the time of

movement of goods:

Invoice/Bill

Packaging list ( not compulsory)

Bill of supply

Delivery challan/Receipt

Process for Registration:

Following Details are compulsory for ling the

Registration of E-way bill:

GSTIN of Recipient

Challan Date

Challan Number

The user need E-way bill Number

Date of Delivery


http://www.gst.gov.in/

http://www.ewaybillgst.gov/

http://www.ewaybillgst.gov/


HSN number

Value of goods

Place of delivery

Reason for Transportation etc.

HSN number: Harmonized System of Nomenclature. It is

a six digit code. Different types of organization

havedifferent HSN code. For export and Import 8 digit

HSN code is used. For Example: for Food Industry HSN

code is: 2106.

Part A is lled by the transporter and adds some detail

like transporter Id, Vehicle Number etc. It is a

temporary Number. After Part A it entered into Part –B

with some additional Information. After Part –B E-way

bill is generated. If you don't enter the accurate vehicle

number for transportation by road or transport

document number for other cases, the system will show

only the PART-A slip Because of this it cannot create

PART –B. E-Way bill is uncompleted until Part A or

Part B is not lled. After completing the full detail in

both the parts parties can take printout.

Vehicle Entry:

When ever ll the vehicle number in the portal follow

the following table.

Not Required for:

For the movement of empty cargo containers

If the Mode of transportation is a non-motor vehicle

If the movement of goods under Customs seal

If the movement of goods which are in transit from

Nepal/Bhutan.

If the goods move by Railways when consignor

belongs to Central, State or local Government

Advantages of E-way Bill:

Save tons of paper.

Easy to track the goods with the online mechanism.

Timely goods are delivered.

Surprise audit of Vehicles that creates the fear of

honesty.

Time saved of transporters no need to wait in barriers

of states/checkpoint.


Part-A

Part-B


Helps to Connect the detail with GSTR-1.

Quick and Easy Registration process.

The user can create sub-user.

Smother tax administration.

Drawbacks:

Any wrong entry cannot be Edited or corrected.

For any wrong entry, user has to cancel the E-way bill

and generate a new one.

Time Consuming.

Wrong detail of Vehicle Number will not access your

E-way bill.

Problem with the entry of Vehicle Number.

When Bill to (order place) and ship to (delivery point)

column in form are not clearly lled.

Conclusion:

At last, Iconclude that E-way bill is very important for

every organization. Its new online method to reduce paper

work and also reduce the burden of Government

Expenditure. It replaces the VAT and CST. Yet many

amend mentsare going on. It will automatically be

lled with GSTR-1. GSTR-1 is based on outward

supply. May be Next year it is connected with GSTR-2.

Refrence:

1.https://ewaybill.nic.in/

2.https://ewaybill.nic.in/Account/Enrolment.aspx

3. https://abcaus.in/gst/e-way-bill-system-objectives-

bene ts-modes-of-generation.html

4. http://www.gstforumindia.in/question/what-are-the-

advantages-of-e-way-bill/


At the end of the Form you can see this picture

and take a printout

http://www.gstforumindia.in/question/what-are-the-

HGPI Title Code: HPENG01196

ISSN: : 2582-5968

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development

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