Hemicellulose extraction from wood OSB strands
Post on 12-Jan-2015
674 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Influence of Hemicellulose Extraction on Suitability for Oriented Strand Board
(OSB) Production
Rory H. Jaraa
Juan Paredesb
Adriaan van Heiningena
Stephen Shalerb
a Department of Chemicaland Biological Engineering
b Advanced Engineered Wood Composites Center
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering2
Outline
BackgroundObjectivesExperimental proceduresResults and discussionsConclusions
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering3
OSB ProcessWood componentsChemical composition and wood strength
Background
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering4
OSB ProcessBackground
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering5
Log Hauling and SortingLadding
Debarking
Logs
StrandingScreening
Drying
Blending
Forming linePressing
Finishing lineShipping
HemicelluloseExtraction Process
Modified OSB Process
Sugar-basedpolymers
Sugar-basedchemicals
FurfuralXylitol
Ethanol
Background
PERFORMANCE ?
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering6
Wood ComponentsXylan
Glucomannan
Lignin
Cellulose
(M. Åkerholm and L. Salmén, STFI 2004)
Background
Hardwood (% o. d. wood)
Cellulosea 41.0 – 51.0Lignina 21.5 – 31.0Hemicellulosesa 20.0 - 34.5Ashb 0.2 - 1.0
Softwood (% o. d. wood)Cellulosea 33.0 – 42.0Lignina 27.0 – 32.0Hemicellulosesa 26.0 – 33.0Ashb 0.1 – 0.5
a Sjostron, E., 1993b Rowell, R., 2005
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering7
CelluloseGlucomannan
Lignin 1
XylanLignin 2
(Lawoko et al. Biomacromolecules 6(6) 3467-3473, 2005)
Wood ComponentsBackground
(Sweet et al. Holzforschung 53 (1999) 311-317)
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering8
Chemical composition and wood strength
Background
Molecular level depends on individual components of the cell wall
Cellulose greatest polymeric chain and higher DP
Lignin is a nature’s adhesive. Hydrophobic polymer.
Cellulose and lignin are the main structural wood components. Hydrogen bonds are important for providing rigidity.
Hemicelluloses are a series of carbohydrate molecules with lowerDP than cellulose. They exhibit hydrogen bonding.
Early degradation of hemicelluloses affect the wood strength (Curling at al., Forest Products Journal, Vol. 52, No 78, 2002)
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering9
Issues to be consideredMechanical properties of OSB must be maintained after hemicellulose extractionThe extraction process must minimize degradation of both cellulose and lignin
Background
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering10
Objective
• Determine how specific variables in the OSB strand extraction process (namely, pH, temperature, time and strand thickness) affect hemicellulose yields and characteristics of cellulose and lignin in the wood
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3 Experimental
Procedure
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering12
Wood material preparationRed Maple tree (hardwood)Stranding process at AEWC CenterWood material air-dried
Experimental Procedures
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering13
Lab ExtractionExperimental Procedures
Modified ASE-100Wood strands
Water
Filtrate(Hemicellulose Extract)
Solid Residue(Extracted strands)
Temperature: 140 – 170ºC
Time: 15 – 90 min
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering14
Water Extraction
Solid Phase
Weight Loss(Oven Dried)
DMC Extraction
Liquid Phase(Solid Determ.) Hydrolysis (1º, 2nd)
HPAEC Analysis
Klason Lignin Cellulose
Liquid Phase
Centrifuge
2nd Hydrolysis
Undissolved Material
HPAEC Analysis
Klason Lignin
Cellulose Hemicelluloses
Solid Content(Freeze Drying)
Ash Content
Hemicelluloses
Ash Content
WOOD
Acid Sol. Lignin
Chemical analysis procedure
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering15
Yield DeterminationExperimental Procedures
100* extraction before (o.d.) wood
extractionafter (o.d.) residue solid (%) Yieldsp =
100* extraction before (o.d.) wood
extract weight TotalS.C. (%) Yield fdlp ∗=
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering16
Results
Water extraction yieldMass BalanceOSB panels and physical/mechanical properties
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering17
Water Extraction - Yield vs Temperature
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
130 140 150 160 170 180
Temperature (ºC)
Yiel
d (m
g/g
woo
d)
From solid - 45 min From solid - 90 min From solid - 15 minfrom liquid - 45 min From liquid - 90 min From liquid - 15 min
Results: Water extraction yield
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering18
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛ −⋅=
75.14100][exp CTtR
o
O
Results: Water extraction yield
• Proposed for Overend and Chornet, 1987)
Severity Factor (Ro)
Where,
t: Time (minutes)
T: Temperature (ºC)
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering19
Water Extraction - Yield vs Temperature
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.70 3.90 4.10 4.30 4.50
Severity Factor (Ro)
Yiel
d (m
g/g
woo
d)
From solid From liquid
Results: Water extraction yield
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering20
Results: Water extraction yield
Severity Effect on pH Extraction
R2 = 0.9535
R2 = 0.9857
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.70 3.90 4.10
Severity Factor (log(Ro))
pH
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
Yiel
d (s
.p.,
mg/
g w
ood
o.d.
)
pH Yield (from s.p.)
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering21
Results: Mass balance
Lignin removed from wood
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20
Severity Factor (Log Ro)
Lign
in re
mov
ed (
% )
Precipitated Lignin (From Liquid)Klason Lignin (From Liquid)
Acid Soluble Lignin (From Liquid)
Total Lignin (From Liquid)
Total Lignin (From Solid)
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering22
ResultsResults: Mass balance
Carbohydrates Mass Balance - Liquid Phase
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4
Severity Factor (Log Ro)
Carb
ohyd
rate
con
tent
(% o
n or
igin
al
suga
r)
Arabinan Galactan Xylan Mannan Cellulose
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering23
ResultsResults: Mass balance
Carbohydrates Mass Balance - Solid Phase
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5
Severity Factor (Log Ro)
Carb
ohyd
rate
con
tent
(% o
n or
igin
al s
ugar
)
Arabinan Galactan Xylan Mannan
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering24
M ass Balance Hemicelluloses
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10 3.30 3.50 3.70 3.90 4.10
Severity Factor (Log(Ro))
Suga
r (m
g/g
woo
d o.
d.)
Arabinan-L.P. Galactan-L.P . Xylan-L.P . Mannan-L.P.
Arabinan-S.P. Galactan-S.P. Xylan-S.P. Mannan-S.P.
Results: Mass balance
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering25
Manufacture of OSB Panels
Pressure Indicator
Heat Exchanger
Pressure Safety SwitchVessel Vessel
Circulation Pump
Flow Control Valve
Pressure Release Valve
Drain Valve
Rupture DiskThermal Sensor (RTD)
Heat Exchanger
Cooling Water
Real Time Sampling
Dispersion Weight
Thermal Sensors (RTD)
Insulation
Basket Inside(To hold wood material)
Water extraction
Pilot scale
Conditions:
Temperature: 160ºC
Time: 45 – 90 min
Batch: 500 grs.
(Preheating: 50 min)
L / S: 6
Results: OSB Panels
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering26
Panel manufacturing was done at AEWC Center following internal procedures:
Weight: 1.28 kg
Adhesive: pDMI, 4% o.d.w.
Density: 38pcf, at 0% MC
Manufacture of OSB PanelsResults: OSB Panels
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering27
Results: OSB Panels
Physical PropertiesTests were done following ASTM D 1037 specifications.
Moisture Content Behavior
0
5
10
15
2025
30
35
40
45
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
Material Source
Moi
stur
e C
onte
nt (%
)
Conditioned2 Hours24 Hours
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering28
Thickness Swell Behavior
02468
101214
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
Material Source
Thic
knes
s Sw
ell (
%)
2 Hours
24 Hours
Water Absortion Behavior
05
101520253035
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
Material Source
Wat
er A
bsor
tion
(%)
2 Hours
24 Hours
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering29
Results: OSB Panels
Mechanical PropertiesTests were done following ASTM D 1037 specifications.
Mechanical Properties
1
10
100
1000
10000
Control SF-3.54 SF-3.81
Material Source
Load
Fac
tors MOR (psi)
MOE (kpsi)
SPL (psi)
IB (psi)
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering30
ConclusionsExtraction with pure water
Degradation of cellulose is not significant
Xylan contribute significantly more to the total hemicellulose yield.
Continued hydrolysis of carbohydrates
Further research is necessary to understand changes in physical and mechanical properties of OSB
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering31
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering32
Results
Mass Balance
Cellulose = [Glucan – Mannan/1.7]/(wood weight)
Hemicellulose = Total Sugar/(wood weight) - Cellulose
Xylan = [Xylose*(132/150)+UA*0.6*(132/176)]
O
O
O
O
OO
O
OH
O-Ac
OH
O
OHO
COOH
OHOMe
OH
OH
OO
O-Ac
OH
OOH
O-Ac
123
4
5
12
45
3
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering33
MOR: Modulus of Rupture (Maximum Load)
MOE: Modulus of Elasticity
SPL: Stress at Proportional Limit
MOR
SPLMOE
Deflection (Strain)
Load
(Str
ess)
top related