Health and Safety for Engineering Students November 15, 2006 Presented by: Patricia Yu, Director, Occupational Health and Safety Tomorr Cerriku, Occupational.

Health and Safety for Engineering Students

November 15, 2006

Presented by: Patricia Yu, Director, Occupational Health and Safety

Tomorr Cerriku, Occupational Hygienist – Chemical Control Officer

Course Outline

Day 1 – Legislation and Types of Occupational Hazards• Young Worker- Safety Awareness and Injury

Statistics• Legislation

– Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations– Workplace Safety and Insurance Act– Other legislation

• Types of Occupational Hazards– Physical– Chemical– Biological– Safety (machine, trip and falls, ladder etc.)– Confined Space– Ergonomics

Course Outline (cont’d)

Day 2 – Hazard Control and Prevention

• Engineering controls – scenarios and discussions

• Pre-start health and safety review• Personal Protective Equipment• WHMIS overview

Young Workers

• There are hazards in every workplace and young and inexperienced workers are especially at risk

• 73,598 lost time cases in 2000-2004 Young Workers

Lost Time Claims 2000-2004

31%

69%

Age 15-19

Age 20-24

Young Workers – Injury Statistics 2000-2004

• Two industry sectors with highest lost time claims: – Services and Manufacturing

• Most common injuries: – Sprains and Strains, Cuts/Punctures, Bruises

• Body parts most frequently affected: – Fingers and Lower Back

• Majority of Injuries caused by: – Struck by Objects and Equipment or due to

Overexertion

Identify Hazards

• You need to be able to identify the hazards in your workplace– Do you know the cleaning product your boss

gave you is safe?– How do you know the machine won’t start while

you’re working on it?

• Most workplaces have hazards you’ve never encountered

Health and Safety Legislation

Occupational Health and Safety ActEnforced by: Ontario Ministry of Labour (MOL)

• Workplace Safety and Insurance ActEnforced by: Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB)

• Others: Environmental Protection Act, Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Canadian Nuclear Safety and Control Act…

MOL: My Health and Safety at Work

Occupational Health and Safety Act

• To protect workers against health and safety hazards on the job

• A list of regulations has been developed under the Act, e.g., Construction projects, WHMIS, designated (hazardous) substances etc.

• Workers, supervisors and employers have shared health and safety responsibilities under the Act

• Requirements to establish a joint health and safety committee for workplace with more than 20 workers

Rights of Workers under the OHS Act

As an employee, you have rights that protect you against health and safety hazards on the job:

• Right to know (about hazards on the job)

• Right to participate (in workplace health and safety issues)

• Right to refuse (work that you believe is dangerous)

Responsibilities of Workers(OHS Act Sec.28)

• Use or wear protective equipment that the employer requires to be worn• Do not remove or make ineffective any protection device • Do not to use or operate any equipment, machine or work in a manner that may endanger yourself or another worker •Report to your supervisor the absence of or defect in any equipment of protective device which may endanger yourself or another worker•Report to your supervisor any hazard of which you are aware•Comply with the OHS Act and regulations

Responsibilities for Other Workplace Parties

The OHS Act also includes:

•Responsibilities for employers

•Responsibilities for supervisors

– Be familiar with the OHS Act and regulations– Be knowledgeable about potential or actual danger in the workplace and advise workers about these hazards– Ensure that a worker follows safe workplace procedures, uses and wears protective devices or clothing– Provide a worker with safety instruction (including written) and training– Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker

Other Legislation:Workplace Safety and Insurance Act

Purpose of the Act:

• To promote health and safety in the workplace and to prevent and reduce workplace injuries and occupational diseases

• To facilitate the return to work of injured worker

• To facilitate the re-entry into the labour market of workers and spouses of deceased workers

• To provide compensation and other benefits to workers and to the survivors of deceased workers

Remember – You have to protect yourself

Don’t be shy to ask for information from your supervisor.

Always ask for training and assistance before operating a machine.

Don’t operate any machine without a safe guard in place.

If you clean a machine, be sure there is no way it can move or be turned on.

Ask if there are company health and safety rules. Ask what to do if there is an emergency or fire. Ask about hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Always report to your supervisor if you are

injured or become sick at the workplace

THEOCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

SAFETY HAZARDS

• Inadequate machine guarding • Defective equipment/machinery• Unsafe workplace conditions (e.g.,

overloading, etc.)• Trips and falls• Unsafe work practices (e.g., operating

equipment without training/orientation, • Not wearing PPE, etc.)• Poor housekeeping• Electrical • Pressure

LADDER & CRANE SAFETY

CONFINED SPACE

confined space" means a fully or partially enclosed space,

a) that is not both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy, and

b) in which atmospheric hazards may occur because of its construction, location or contents or because of work that is done in it;

atmospheric hazards: – accumulation of flammable,

combustible or explosive agents– an oxygen content <19.5% and

>23%– atmospheric contaminants including

gases, vapours, dust/fume,

Examples of confined spaces

Tanks, vessels, vats, boilersDucts, storage bins,Hoppers, clarifiers, Trenches, tunnels,Wells, containers, pipes,Mills, crushers, boilers, Chutes, sewers, columnsChimneys, ovens, furnaces

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

• Caused by solid, liquid, vapour, gas, dust, fume, mist (e.g., welding in an open area)

• No proper ventilation

• Improper work conduct e.g.not working in the fumehood, etc.

• Lack of training

• Not wearing PPE.

Free-standingcylinders

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Substances that can cause infection and diseases

• Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

• Mould (e.g., water damage on carpet, ceiling tile, dry wall, etc.)

• Contact with human or animal tissues or fluids.

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

• noise

• vibration

• heat

• cold • radiation,

• lighting, etc.

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (MSDs)Common name: Muscular Strain Injuries

(MSI)Types:• tension neck syndrome, • shoulder tendonitis,• Epicondylitis (synonym: tennis elbow)• carpal tunnel syndrome, • and hand-arm vibration syndromeCauses: • Repetitive and forceful movements • Vibration • Awkward postures arising from:

- improper work methods or improperly designed

workstations,- tools or - equipment.

HAZARD CONTROL AND

PREVENTION

Three Steps to Controlling Hazards

RECOGNITION ‑ Identifying the Hazard

ASSESSMENT ‑ Measuring against standards

CONTROL ‑ Eliminating or reducing the hazard

Controlling Hazards

At the source

Elimination

e.g. a toxic substance/material, a noisy machinery or process.

Substitution

e.g. substituting mercury thermometers with alcohol based thermometers.

The preferred method of control is:

Controlling Hazards

Engineering controls

at the source Isolation Design modifications Ventilation: General & Local exhaust

Along the path Barriers

Machine Guarding

Lock out-Tag out

NOISE CONTROL

At the source:• Damping• insulation • Equipment maintenance

Along the path:• Enclosure of machines • Barriers

At the receiver (worker) level:• PPE (ear protection)

HEAT AND COLD TEMPERATURES

Heat stress: • e.g. Heat exhaustion, heat stroke (can be fatal)• Symptoms: fatigue, dizziness, stop sweating, flu-like

symptoms• Occupations at risk: outdoor workers, bakers, kitchen

workers, foundry workers etc.

Cold stress:• Frostbite or freezing of exposed extremities • hypothermia or overcooling of the body (it could be fatal

in absence of immediate medical attention• Occupations at risk: outdoor workers, divers, meat

packers etc.

CONTROLS

Heat stress:• Insulation • Shielding (work area or body)• Increase ventilation and air conditioning• Reduce humidity rest and work regimen• Encourage drinking water

Cold stress:• Shielding• Heater• Work-warming regimen• PPE (gloves, clothing)

VIBRATION

Example:contact with vibrating machinery or equipment. • hand-arm vibration exposure (eg. holding power pneumatic

tools) • whole-body vibration exposure (e.g. truck drivers)Controls:• appropriate tool design and selection• loosen grip • use of appropriate vibration-absorbing materials (gloves, for example).

WELDING-Engineering Controls

• Fume Extraction Welding Guns

• Moveable Hood

Controlling Hazards

At the worker

Personal Protective EquipmentWork PracticesTrainingHousekeeping

The least desired method of control is:

PPE-Personal Protective Equipment

Safety Glasses or Face Shields?

Safety Glasses and Face Shields

Consult MSDS for recommended type of eye/face protection, especially when using highly toxic or corrosive materialsEvaluate pros and cons of each, depending on your needs

Consult MSDS for recommended type of glove, especially when using highly toxic or corrosive materialsNo single glove will protect you from all chemicalsAlways inspect gloves for tears or punctures before use

Gloves

Respirators

Type depends on the nature of the hazardAlways use the fumehood/local exhaustRefer to the MSDS for recommended type, especially when using highly toxic substances

Depending on nature of work, you may require:

Protective clothingHard hat Steel-toed shoes Portable shieldHearing protection

Consult MSDS and/or your supervisor if unsure

Other PPE

PRE-START HEALTH & SAFETY REVIEW

An assessment is required:

• When new apparatus, structure or protective element is to be constructed, added or installed or a new process is to be used, and

• When modifications on the machineries and processes are made

• Conducted by a specialist or professional engineer

WHMIS…Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

“An Information System designed to advise you on the Hazardous Materials you may encounter in your Workplace”

WHMIS Application

Controlled products:– Chemical agents– Biological agents

Information Flow

Importer Producer

Supplier

MS

DS

Labels

Education

Informed Worker

Key Outcome

Employer

Supplier Labels

Responsibilities

Supplier Must:

classify product and develop the supplier label

develop label according to WHMIS criteria (see next overhead)

attach labels to all containers

Supplier Labels(7 required pieces of information)

1. Name of Product2. Name of Supplier3. Reference to MSDS4. WHMIS Symbols5. Risk Phrases6. Precautionary Measures7. First Aid Measures

- English and French- Hatch Marked Border

Workplace Labels

Responsibilities

Employer must:

maintain labels on all hazardous materials

create or obtain a workplace label according to WHMIS criteria

when product is decanted

when product is produced in workplace

when supplier label is illegible or falls off

OR

Decanting a product from its original container

Workplace Labels(3 Required pieces of information)

WORKPLACE LABEL 

Product Name: 

Safe Handling Information: 

User Name:_______________________________Bldg./Rm.:___________ Phone:_______________

Date Opened/Decanted/Produced:______________ 

REFER TO MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETFOR MORE INFORMATION

Mandatory

Not mandatory

MSDS: Who is Responsible?

Supplier:create MSDS with prescribed informationupdate every 3 years or as neededprovide MSDS in both official languagesensure MSDS are complete

Employer:obtain current MSDS and keep it updatedensure MSDS are readily accessible to workers

this applies to new construction and renovation projects on campus

MSDS AVAILABILITY

MSDS

Information Required on the MSDS:1) Product Identification and Use

2) Hazardous Ingredients

3) Physical Data

4) Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

5) Reactivity Data

6) Toxicological Properties/Health Hazard Data

7) Preventative Measures

8) First Aid Measures

9) Preparation Date of MSDS

Education & TrainingEmployer must:

Ensure that workers are informed and trained on using, handling, and storage of controlled products

Establish a WHMIS Training Program in consultation with JHSC or HS Representative

Review the program and determine the need for a refresher training

Ensure workers can apply the principles of WHMIS

Workers must:

Participate in training programs

Understand, and apply the information provided

Controlling Hazards

At the source

Along the path

At the worker

engineering control such as ventilation (e.g., fumehood)

substitute

personal protection

Once hazards have been identified and assessed, they can be controlled:

WHICH DO YOU THINK IS THE BEST?

Questions?