Health and Safety for Engineering Students November 15, 2006 Presented by: Patricia Yu, Director, Occupational Health and Safety Tomorr Cerriku, Occupational Hygienist – Chemical Control Officer
Jan 15, 2016
Health and Safety for Engineering Students
November 15, 2006
Presented by: Patricia Yu, Director, Occupational Health and Safety
Tomorr Cerriku, Occupational Hygienist – Chemical Control Officer
Course Outline
Day 1 – Legislation and Types of Occupational Hazards• Young Worker- Safety Awareness and Injury
Statistics• Legislation
– Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations– Workplace Safety and Insurance Act– Other legislation
• Types of Occupational Hazards– Physical– Chemical– Biological– Safety (machine, trip and falls, ladder etc.)– Confined Space– Ergonomics
Course Outline (cont’d)
Day 2 – Hazard Control and Prevention
• Engineering controls – scenarios and discussions
• Pre-start health and safety review• Personal Protective Equipment• WHMIS overview
Young Workers
• There are hazards in every workplace and young and inexperienced workers are especially at risk
• 73,598 lost time cases in 2000-2004 Young Workers
Lost Time Claims 2000-2004
31%
69%
Age 15-19
Age 20-24
Young Workers – Injury Statistics 2000-2004
• Two industry sectors with highest lost time claims: – Services and Manufacturing
• Most common injuries: – Sprains and Strains, Cuts/Punctures, Bruises
• Body parts most frequently affected: – Fingers and Lower Back
• Majority of Injuries caused by: – Struck by Objects and Equipment or due to
Overexertion
Identify Hazards
• You need to be able to identify the hazards in your workplace– Do you know the cleaning product your boss
gave you is safe?– How do you know the machine won’t start while
you’re working on it?
• Most workplaces have hazards you’ve never encountered
Health and Safety Legislation
Occupational Health and Safety ActEnforced by: Ontario Ministry of Labour (MOL)
• Workplace Safety and Insurance ActEnforced by: Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB)
• Others: Environmental Protection Act, Transportation of Dangerous Goods, Canadian Nuclear Safety and Control Act…
MOL: My Health and Safety at Work
Occupational Health and Safety Act
• To protect workers against health and safety hazards on the job
• A list of regulations has been developed under the Act, e.g., Construction projects, WHMIS, designated (hazardous) substances etc.
• Workers, supervisors and employers have shared health and safety responsibilities under the Act
• Requirements to establish a joint health and safety committee for workplace with more than 20 workers
Rights of Workers under the OHS Act
As an employee, you have rights that protect you against health and safety hazards on the job:
• Right to know (about hazards on the job)
• Right to participate (in workplace health and safety issues)
• Right to refuse (work that you believe is dangerous)
Responsibilities of Workers(OHS Act Sec.28)
• Use or wear protective equipment that the employer requires to be worn• Do not remove or make ineffective any protection device • Do not to use or operate any equipment, machine or work in a manner that may endanger yourself or another worker •Report to your supervisor the absence of or defect in any equipment of protective device which may endanger yourself or another worker•Report to your supervisor any hazard of which you are aware•Comply with the OHS Act and regulations
Responsibilities for Other Workplace Parties
The OHS Act also includes:
•Responsibilities for employers
•Responsibilities for supervisors
– Be familiar with the OHS Act and regulations– Be knowledgeable about potential or actual danger in the workplace and advise workers about these hazards– Ensure that a worker follows safe workplace procedures, uses and wears protective devices or clothing– Provide a worker with safety instruction (including written) and training– Take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker
Other Legislation:Workplace Safety and Insurance Act
Purpose of the Act:
• To promote health and safety in the workplace and to prevent and reduce workplace injuries and occupational diseases
• To facilitate the return to work of injured worker
• To facilitate the re-entry into the labour market of workers and spouses of deceased workers
• To provide compensation and other benefits to workers and to the survivors of deceased workers
Remember – You have to protect yourself
Don’t be shy to ask for information from your supervisor.
Always ask for training and assistance before operating a machine.
Don’t operate any machine without a safe guard in place.
If you clean a machine, be sure there is no way it can move or be turned on.
Ask if there are company health and safety rules. Ask what to do if there is an emergency or fire. Ask about hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Always report to your supervisor if you are
injured or become sick at the workplace
THEOCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
SAFETY HAZARDS
• Inadequate machine guarding • Defective equipment/machinery• Unsafe workplace conditions (e.g.,
overloading, etc.)• Trips and falls• Unsafe work practices (e.g., operating
equipment without training/orientation, • Not wearing PPE, etc.)• Poor housekeeping• Electrical • Pressure
LADDER & CRANE SAFETY
CONFINED SPACE
confined space" means a fully or partially enclosed space,
a) that is not both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy, and
b) in which atmospheric hazards may occur because of its construction, location or contents or because of work that is done in it;
atmospheric hazards: – accumulation of flammable,
combustible or explosive agents– an oxygen content <19.5% and
>23%– atmospheric contaminants including
gases, vapours, dust/fume,
Examples of confined spaces
Tanks, vessels, vats, boilersDucts, storage bins,Hoppers, clarifiers, Trenches, tunnels,Wells, containers, pipes,Mills, crushers, boilers, Chutes, sewers, columnsChimneys, ovens, furnaces
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• Caused by solid, liquid, vapour, gas, dust, fume, mist (e.g., welding in an open area)
• No proper ventilation
• Improper work conduct e.g.not working in the fumehood, etc.
• Lack of training
• Not wearing PPE.
Free-standingcylinders
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Substances that can cause infection and diseases
• Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites
• Mould (e.g., water damage on carpet, ceiling tile, dry wall, etc.)
• Contact with human or animal tissues or fluids.
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• noise
• vibration
• heat
• cold • radiation,
• lighting, etc.
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
Musculo-Skeletal Disorders (MSDs)Common name: Muscular Strain Injuries
(MSI)Types:• tension neck syndrome, • shoulder tendonitis,• Epicondylitis (synonym: tennis elbow)• carpal tunnel syndrome, • and hand-arm vibration syndromeCauses: • Repetitive and forceful movements • Vibration • Awkward postures arising from:
- improper work methods or improperly designed
workstations,- tools or - equipment.
HAZARD CONTROL AND
PREVENTION
Three Steps to Controlling Hazards
RECOGNITION ‑ Identifying the Hazard
ASSESSMENT ‑ Measuring against standards
CONTROL ‑ Eliminating or reducing the hazard
Controlling Hazards
At the source
Elimination
e.g. a toxic substance/material, a noisy machinery or process.
Substitution
e.g. substituting mercury thermometers with alcohol based thermometers.
The preferred method of control is:
Controlling Hazards
Engineering controls
at the source Isolation Design modifications Ventilation: General & Local exhaust
Along the path Barriers
Machine Guarding
Lock out-Tag out
NOISE CONTROL
At the source:• Damping• insulation • Equipment maintenance
Along the path:• Enclosure of machines • Barriers
At the receiver (worker) level:• PPE (ear protection)
HEAT AND COLD TEMPERATURES
Heat stress: • e.g. Heat exhaustion, heat stroke (can be fatal)• Symptoms: fatigue, dizziness, stop sweating, flu-like
symptoms• Occupations at risk: outdoor workers, bakers, kitchen
workers, foundry workers etc.
Cold stress:• Frostbite or freezing of exposed extremities • hypothermia or overcooling of the body (it could be fatal
in absence of immediate medical attention• Occupations at risk: outdoor workers, divers, meat
packers etc.
CONTROLS
Heat stress:• Insulation • Shielding (work area or body)• Increase ventilation and air conditioning• Reduce humidity rest and work regimen• Encourage drinking water
Cold stress:• Shielding• Heater• Work-warming regimen• PPE (gloves, clothing)
VIBRATION
Example:contact with vibrating machinery or equipment. • hand-arm vibration exposure (eg. holding power pneumatic
tools) • whole-body vibration exposure (e.g. truck drivers)Controls:• appropriate tool design and selection• loosen grip • use of appropriate vibration-absorbing materials (gloves, for example).
WELDING-Engineering Controls
• Fume Extraction Welding Guns
• Moveable Hood
Controlling Hazards
At the worker
Personal Protective EquipmentWork PracticesTrainingHousekeeping
The least desired method of control is:
PPE-Personal Protective Equipment
Safety Glasses or Face Shields?
Safety Glasses and Face Shields
Consult MSDS for recommended type of eye/face protection, especially when using highly toxic or corrosive materialsEvaluate pros and cons of each, depending on your needs
Consult MSDS for recommended type of glove, especially when using highly toxic or corrosive materialsNo single glove will protect you from all chemicalsAlways inspect gloves for tears or punctures before use
Gloves
Respirators
Type depends on the nature of the hazardAlways use the fumehood/local exhaustRefer to the MSDS for recommended type, especially when using highly toxic substances
Depending on nature of work, you may require:
Protective clothingHard hat Steel-toed shoes Portable shieldHearing protection
Consult MSDS and/or your supervisor if unsure
Other PPE
PRE-START HEALTH & SAFETY REVIEW
An assessment is required:
• When new apparatus, structure or protective element is to be constructed, added or installed or a new process is to be used, and
• When modifications on the machineries and processes are made
• Conducted by a specialist or professional engineer
WHMIS…Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
“An Information System designed to advise you on the Hazardous Materials you may encounter in your Workplace”
WHMIS Application
Controlled products:– Chemical agents– Biological agents
Information Flow
Importer Producer
Supplier
MS
DS
Labels
Education
Informed Worker
Key Outcome
Employer
Supplier Labels
Responsibilities
Supplier Must:
classify product and develop the supplier label
develop label according to WHMIS criteria (see next overhead)
attach labels to all containers
Supplier Labels(7 required pieces of information)
1. Name of Product2. Name of Supplier3. Reference to MSDS4. WHMIS Symbols5. Risk Phrases6. Precautionary Measures7. First Aid Measures
- English and French- Hatch Marked Border
Workplace Labels
Responsibilities
Employer must:
maintain labels on all hazardous materials
create or obtain a workplace label according to WHMIS criteria
when product is decanted
when product is produced in workplace
when supplier label is illegible or falls off
OR
Decanting a product from its original container
Workplace Labels(3 Required pieces of information)
WORKPLACE LABEL
Product Name:
Safe Handling Information:
User Name:_______________________________Bldg./Rm.:___________ Phone:_______________
Date Opened/Decanted/Produced:______________
REFER TO MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETFOR MORE INFORMATION
Mandatory
Not mandatory
MSDS: Who is Responsible?
Supplier:create MSDS with prescribed informationupdate every 3 years or as neededprovide MSDS in both official languagesensure MSDS are complete
Employer:obtain current MSDS and keep it updatedensure MSDS are readily accessible to workers
this applies to new construction and renovation projects on campus
MSDS AVAILABILITY
MSDS
Information Required on the MSDS:1) Product Identification and Use
2) Hazardous Ingredients
3) Physical Data
4) Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
5) Reactivity Data
6) Toxicological Properties/Health Hazard Data
7) Preventative Measures
8) First Aid Measures
9) Preparation Date of MSDS
Education & TrainingEmployer must:
Ensure that workers are informed and trained on using, handling, and storage of controlled products
Establish a WHMIS Training Program in consultation with JHSC or HS Representative
Review the program and determine the need for a refresher training
Ensure workers can apply the principles of WHMIS
Workers must:
Participate in training programs
Understand, and apply the information provided
Controlling Hazards
At the source
Along the path
At the worker
engineering control such as ventilation (e.g., fumehood)
substitute
personal protection
Once hazards have been identified and assessed, they can be controlled:
WHICH DO YOU THINK IS THE BEST?
Questions?