H:\athoc\publ\heidelb\eures_1.ppt 1 Workshop MTM `99 Moving to Mobility Broadband Hybrid Fibre Radio (HFR) Access Networks: Concepts and Evolutions by.
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h:\athoc\publ\heidelb\eures_1.ppt 1
Workshop MTM `99Moving to Mobility
Broadband Hybrid Fibre Radio (HFR)
Access Networks: Concepts and Evolutions
by
Dietrich Boettle and Hansjörg Haisch
Alcatel Corporate Research Center
EURESCOM in Heidelberg February 25, 1999
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Overall Network View
Core AccessAccess
ISDN
Internet
WDM
SDH/ATM
Twisted Pair(POTS,ISDN)
Twisted Pair(X DSL)
FTTX
User terminals
Hybrid Fibre Coax
Hybrid Fibre Radio
satelliteearth
stationsatellitereceiver
BS
mobileTerminal
User terminals
T
T
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Market forWireless Local
Loop/HFR
1997: 1 million subscribers
2000: 8 million subscribers
2002: 50% annually growth
source: Study by Strategic Group
ref. Telecoms Today,Sept. 17, 1998
1997: 1 million subscribers
2000: 8 million subscribers
2002: 50% annually growth
source: Study by Strategic Group
ref. Telecoms Today,Sept. 17, 1998
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 year2002
1
8
10
12
18
20million
subscribersworld-wide
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Today´s situation
• Base stations connected to core networkvia STM-N lines
• Local termination of digital line segment, mux-demux, modem function, RF part
• No equipment sharing, even for distributiveservices
• Channel/service upgrade or reconfiguration requires action in the field Modulator/
Demod.
Modulatorbank
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(in $ millions)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
1000
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Large Business
Medium Business
Small Business
Residential
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
(in $ millions)
2500
Residential
Large Business
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Medium Business
Small Business
Every access technology has to carry residential telephony cost effectively.
Total U.S. telephony revenues U.S. Long distance revenues, telephony
The role of residential telephony services
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If the access system provides a broadcast capacity of~ 900 Mbit/s an attractive set of video services can be offered.
10
% ofviewing
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
302010
Number ofchannels
TV broadcast
20 TV broadcast channelsare sufficient to get95% viewership.
1
2
3
4
2 5 15 50 200
Buy rate,movies permonth
channels
Pay-TV services
To get a target buy rate of 4 moviesper month and per customerNVOD with 15-30 minutes staggering and
System needs for advanced video services ?
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1. Minutes online per sessionDon't know / No response
> 60
31-60
16-30
6-15
3-5
< 2
3 %
23 %
25 %
31 %
12 %
3 %
< 3 %
Less than once a month
Once or twice a month
Once or twice a week
Every other day
Every day
More than once a day
2 %
13 %
37 %
22 %
7 %
18 %
2. Frequency of use
Mean:35 minutesper session
Mean:Per day 62 usersout of 100 areon-line
Source: Int. Data Corp.
Data communication on broadband access systems (1)Characteristics of WWW usage today
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9590
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Phone
Pay TV
NVODPPV(1)
Specializedchannels
Info. Classifiedadds
Homeshopping
Homebanking
Interactiveprograms
Games
Residentialservice revenuesin the US,year 2003 (B$)
(1) PPV: Pay per ViewSource: BCG Analysis
PC's 9.1 % 170 Mio.
TV-Sets 58.4 % 1.200 Mio
Telephones/ lines 32.5 % 630 Mio.
Mix of Voice + Video / Audio + Data is mandatory
Terminals worldwide:
Internet
Vid
eoV
oice
Da
ta
Which residential service will be needed ?
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Source: MTA-EMCI
*Local telephony/Long distance/Cable/Cellular/Internet/Paging
All services*
Cellular / Paging
Local telephony / Paging
Long distance / Paging
Local telephony / Long distance / Paging
Cable / Internet
Long distance / Internet
Local telephony / Internet
Local telephony / Long distance / Cellular
Local telephony / Cellular
Long distance / Cellular
Local telephony / Long distance / Cable
Long distance / Cable
Local telephony / Cable
Local telephony / Long distance
24 %
26 %
26 %
26 %
28 %
28 %
31 %
32 %
32 %
35 %
36 %
40 %
46 %
51 %
55 %
Preferences for service bundling
1
1985
1.2
2.2
3.2
1990 1995 2000
Communications subscriptionsper U.S. household
The expected mix of services needs flexible access technologies.
Trends towards flexible service mix
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Basic architecture ofBroadband Wireless Local Loop system and traffic
1200/300 Mbit/s 160/300 Mbit/s
Headendswitch
Remoteantenna
unitFeeder system
10 ... 25 km Traffic per sector: - Residential 300 Mbit/s 40 Mbit/s
- Business traffic 75 Mbit/s 75 Mbit/s
+ 400 Mbit/s broadcast
90°
Assumption:- Subscriber density: 1000 per km - Cell radius: 2 km yielding 3000 homes per sector
2
Broadcast traffic: 400 Mbit/s 0
Individual traffic , residential/business:
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Which feeder technology for BWLL ?
Between headend and base station we will have :
Traffic: Up to 2 Gbit/s per cell sector !
Distance: More than 10 km, up to 100 km
System availability: Very high: > 99.996 %
Only fibre optic transport is feasible
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Exemplary Signal Spectrum at 42 GHz
Downlink
Uplink
1,3 GHz 1,3 GHz
A
AB
B
200 MHz 200 MHz
40,5 43,3 43,542,0
• MVDS band extended to 43,5 GHz
• Uplink bandwidth extended to 400 MHz
• Two subbands A and B
• Downlink band B is guard band for subband A
• Polarisation diversity allows 4 x 90° sectors with 2 subbands
• High frequency reuse factor possible with simple modulation
f/GHz
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Block diagram of remote antenna unit: Antennas forSectors
1 - 4
EO
Flexible
demux
+ mux
TDM
TDMA
STM1
Demux
QPSK
QPSK
mm-waveup-conv.for DVB
mm-waveup / downconverter
QPSK
QPSK
n x 155 Mbit/s
4 x STM1 MPEGMP-TS
2.5 Gbit/sSDH
STM 16 OC 48
1
6
Too big, too complex, too unflexible, not future proof
n x 30/2 Mbit/s
n x 2 Mbit/sIF
upconverter
IFupconverter
TDM
TDMA
QPSK
QPSK
IFupconverter
IFupconverter
TDM
TDMA
QPSK
QPSK
IFupconverter
IFupconverter
Classical feeder concept for HFR-systems with SDH
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Fibre withmm-wave signal(25...63 GHz)
Fibre withRF-signal(some GHz)
1. Intermediate frequency transport
2. mm-wave signal transport
Photodiode
UpconverterGHz to
mm-wave
Filter
Block diagram of remote antenna unit:
For both options Alcatel has developed system concepts,key components and realized field experiments.
Basic mm-wave feeder concepts for HFR-systems
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Limitations with classical laser transmitters
3 dB
1 dB
mm-wavepowerpenalty
Fib
re l
ink
len
gth
, km
0
0,5
1,0
Frequency, GHz
Severe feeder length limitation due to chromatic dispersion exists
20 40 60
Photonic transport of mm-wave signals (1)
(Double Sideband Modulation)
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Optical mm-wave Source based on heterodyne principle
Overcome of fibre length limitation by single sideband spectrum
Optical Filter
DFBLaser
Carrier generation fm = 29.875 GHz
Filter Control
MZM 2
Bias control
Dataat subcarrier frequency f= 2GHz
MZM 1
Isolator OpticalAmplifier
Monitor coupler 1
Monitor coupler 2
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Error ratetest set
Modulator
60 GHzphotonicsource
Opticalamplifiers
Remoteantenna unit
SubscriberAccess node
Data Demodulator
mm-wavereceiver
46 km InstalledDeutsche Telekom fibre
Fibresplitter1:16
Data140 Mbit/s
Fibre distribution network
Fibresplitter1:16
Uncorrected bit error rate better than 10-9 measured at 140 Mbit/s !
Radio cell
60 GHz Hybrid-Fibre-mm-Wave field experiment
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Fully integrated 60 GHz fibre optic base station transmitter
GaAsMMICamplifier
Lens
Fibre input
Planar60 GHzantenna
GaAsMMICpreamplifier
60 GHz InGaAsphotodiode
5 cm(2 inch)
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Photonic transport of mm-wave signals
Photonic transport of 60 GHz signals over up to 111km fibre has been demonstrated.
Degradation due to phase induced intensity noise and chromatic dispersion
Experiment over 46,65 and 111km installed fibre
Signal spectrumat 60 GHz
Noise degradationover frequency and span length
PIIN
, [d
B/H
z]
SM-fibre, 1550nm
-125
-120
-115
-110
-105
-100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Frequency [GHz]
PII
N,
[dB
/Hz]
111km
64.8km
46.2km
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Digitised Feeder
Example
HFC upstream band digitisation:
5 ... 65 MHz 2,5 Gbit/s30 carriers QPSK Digital Combiner Option (Traffic Concentr.)11 bit A/D Converter
Overcome of analog signal degradation by digitised feeder
Analog/digitalSubcarrierSignal
A
D
E
O
D
A
Fibre
O
E
Coax
Radio
Analog Drop„Digitised Feeder“
Signal regenerable „unlimited span“
Digitalbaseband
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Summary
• Strong demand for BWLL as a part of a heterogeneous access network
• Initial driving force are business users, residential market later
• Base station system to be dense, flexible, reliable
• Fibre feeder mandatory to simple BS, evolving from base band via IF to RF
• Digitisation of feeder to introduce signal regeneration without sacrificing benefits of HFR concept
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