H:\athoc\publ\heidelb\eures_1.ppt 1 Workshop MTM `99 Moving to Mobility Broadband Hybrid Fibre Radio (HFR) Access Networks: Concepts and Evolutions by.

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Workshop MTM `99Moving to Mobility

Broadband Hybrid Fibre Radio (HFR)

Access Networks: Concepts and Evolutions

by

Dietrich Boettle and Hansjörg Haisch

Alcatel Corporate Research Center

EURESCOM in Heidelberg February 25, 1999


Overall Network View

Core AccessAccess

ISDN

Internet

WDM

SDH/ATM

Twisted Pair(POTS,ISDN)

Twisted Pair(X DSL)

FTTX

User terminals

Hybrid Fibre Coax

Hybrid Fibre Radio

satelliteearth

stationsatellitereceiver

BS

mobileTerminal

User terminals

T

T


Market forWireless Local

Loop/HFR

1997: 1 million subscribers


2002: 50% annually growth

source: Study by Strategic Group

ref. Telecoms Today,Sept. 17, 1998



2002: 50% annually growth

source: Study by Strategic Group

ref. Telecoms Today,Sept. 17, 1998

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 year2002

1

8

10

12

18

20million

subscribersworld-wide


Today´s situation

• Base stations connected to core networkvia STM-N lines

• Local termination of digital line segment, mux-demux, modem function, RF part

• No equipment sharing, even for distributiveservices

• Channel/service upgrade or reconfiguration requires action in the field Modulator/

Demod.

Modulatorbank


(in $ millions)

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

1000

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

Large Business

Medium Business

Small Business

Residential

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

(in $ millions)

2500

Residential

Large Business

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Medium Business

Small Business

Every access technology has to carry residential telephony cost effectively.

Total U.S. telephony revenues U.S. Long distance revenues, telephony

The role of residential telephony services


If the access system provides a broadcast capacity of~ 900 Mbit/s an attractive set of video services can be offered.

10

% ofviewing

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

302010

Number ofchannels

TV broadcast

20 TV broadcast channelsare sufficient to get95% viewership.

1

2

3

4

2 5 15 50 200

Buy rate,movies permonth

channels

Pay-TV services

To get a target buy rate of 4 moviesper month and per customerNVOD with 15-30 minutes staggering and

System needs for advanced video services ?


1. Minutes online per sessionDon't know / No response

> 60

31-60

16-30

6-15

3-5

< 2

3 %

23 %

25 %

31 %

12 %

3 %

< 3 %

Less than once a month

Once or twice a month

Once or twice a week

Every other day

Every day

More than once a day

2 %

13 %

37 %

22 %

7 %

18 %

2. Frequency of use

Mean:35 minutesper session

Mean:Per day 62 usersout of 100 areon-line

Source: Int. Data Corp.

Data communication on broadband access systems (1)Characteristics of WWW usage today


9590

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Phone

Pay TV

NVODPPV(1)

Specializedchannels

Info. Classifiedadds

Homeshopping

Homebanking

Interactiveprograms

Games

Residentialservice revenuesin the US,year 2003 (B$)

(1) PPV: Pay per ViewSource: BCG Analysis

PC's 9.1 % 170 Mio.

TV-Sets 58.4 % 1.200 Mio

Telephones/ lines 32.5 % 630 Mio.

Mix of Voice + Video / Audio + Data is mandatory

Terminals worldwide:

Internet

Vid

eoV

oice

Da

ta

Which residential service will be needed ?


Source: MTA-EMCI

*Local telephony/Long distance/Cable/Cellular/Internet/Paging

All services*

Cellular / Paging

Local telephony / Paging

Long distance / Paging

Local telephony / Long distance / Paging

Cable / Internet

Long distance / Internet

Local telephony / Internet

Local telephony / Long distance / Cellular

Local telephony / Cellular

Long distance / Cellular

Local telephony / Long distance / Cable

Long distance / Cable

Local telephony / Cable

Local telephony / Long distance

24 %

26 %

26 %

26 %

28 %

28 %

31 %

32 %

32 %

35 %

36 %

40 %

46 %

51 %

55 %

Preferences for service bundling

1

1985

1.2

2.2

3.2

1990 1995 2000

Communications subscriptionsper U.S. household

The expected mix of services needs flexible access technologies.

Trends towards flexible service mix


Basic architecture ofBroadband Wireless Local Loop system and traffic

1200/300 Mbit/s 160/300 Mbit/s

Headendswitch

Remoteantenna

unitFeeder system

10 ... 25 km Traffic per sector: - Residential 300 Mbit/s 40 Mbit/s

- Business traffic 75 Mbit/s 75 Mbit/s

+ 400 Mbit/s broadcast

90°

Assumption:- Subscriber density: 1000 per km - Cell radius: 2 km yielding 3000 homes per sector

2

Broadcast traffic: 400 Mbit/s 0

Individual traffic , residential/business:


Which feeder technology for BWLL ?

Between headend and base station we will have :

Traffic: Up to 2 Gbit/s per cell sector !

Distance: More than 10 km, up to 100 km

System availability: Very high: > 99.996 %

Only fibre optic transport is feasible


Exemplary Signal Spectrum at 42 GHz

Downlink

Uplink

1,3 GHz 1,3 GHz

A

AB

B

200 MHz 200 MHz

40,5 43,3 43,542,0

• MVDS band extended to 43,5 GHz

• Uplink bandwidth extended to 400 MHz

• Two subbands A and B

• Downlink band B is guard band for subband A

• Polarisation diversity allows 4 x 90° sectors with 2 subbands

• High frequency reuse factor possible with simple modulation

f/GHz


Block diagram of remote antenna unit: Antennas forSectors

1 - 4

EO

Flexible

demux

+ mux

TDM

TDMA

STM1

Demux

QPSK

QPSK

mm-waveup-conv.for DVB

mm-waveup / downconverter

QPSK

QPSK

n x 155 Mbit/s

4 x STM1 MPEGMP-TS

2.5 Gbit/sSDH

STM 16 OC 48

1

6

Too big, too complex, too unflexible, not future proof

n x 30/2 Mbit/s

n x 2 Mbit/sIF

upconverter

IFupconverter

TDM

TDMA

QPSK

QPSK

IFupconverter

IFupconverter

TDM

TDMA

QPSK

QPSK

IFupconverter

IFupconverter

Classical feeder concept for HFR-systems with SDH


Fibre withmm-wave signal(25...63 GHz)

Fibre withRF-signal(some GHz)

1. Intermediate frequency transport

2. mm-wave signal transport

Photodiode

UpconverterGHz to

mm-wave

Filter

Block diagram of remote antenna unit:

For both options Alcatel has developed system concepts,key components and realized field experiments.

Basic mm-wave feeder concepts for HFR-systems


Limitations with classical laser transmitters

3 dB

1 dB

mm-wavepowerpenalty

Fib

re l

ink

len

gth

, km

0

0,5

1,0

Frequency, GHz

Severe feeder length limitation due to chromatic dispersion exists

20 40 60

Photonic transport of mm-wave signals (1)

(Double Sideband Modulation)


Optical mm-wave Source based on heterodyne principle

Overcome of fibre length limitation by single sideband spectrum

Optical Filter

DFBLaser

Carrier generation fm = 29.875 GHz

Filter Control

MZM 2

Bias control

Dataat subcarrier frequency f= 2GHz

MZM 1

Isolator OpticalAmplifier

Monitor coupler 1

Monitor coupler 2


Error ratetest set

Modulator

60 GHzphotonicsource

Opticalamplifiers

Remoteantenna unit

SubscriberAccess node

Data Demodulator

mm-wavereceiver

46 km InstalledDeutsche Telekom fibre

Fibresplitter1:16

Data140 Mbit/s

Fibre distribution network

Fibresplitter1:16

Uncorrected bit error rate better than 10-9 measured at 140 Mbit/s !

Radio cell

60 GHz Hybrid-Fibre-mm-Wave field experiment


Fully integrated 60 GHz fibre optic base station transmitter

GaAsMMICamplifier

Lens

Fibre input

Planar60 GHzantenna

GaAsMMICpreamplifier

60 GHz InGaAsphotodiode

5 cm(2 inch)


Photonic transport of mm-wave signals

Photonic transport of 60 GHz signals over up to 111km fibre has been demonstrated.

Degradation due to phase induced intensity noise and chromatic dispersion

Experiment over 46,65 and 111km installed fibre

Signal spectrumat 60 GHz

Noise degradationover frequency and span length

PIIN

, [d

B/H

z]

SM-fibre, 1550nm

-125

-120

-115

-110

-105

-100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Frequency [GHz]

PII

N,

[dB

/Hz]

111km

64.8km

46.2km


Digitised Feeder

Example

HFC upstream band digitisation:

5 ... 65 MHz 2,5 Gbit/s30 carriers QPSK Digital Combiner Option (Traffic Concentr.)11 bit A/D Converter

Overcome of analog signal degradation by digitised feeder

Analog/digitalSubcarrierSignal

A

D

E

O

D

A

Fibre

O

E

Coax

Radio

Analog Drop„Digitised Feeder“

Signal regenerable „unlimited span“

Digitalbaseband


Summary

• Strong demand for BWLL as a part of a heterogeneous access network

• Initial driving force are business users, residential market later

• Base station system to be dense, flexible, reliable

• Fibre feeder mandatory to simple BS, evolving from base band via IF to RF

• Digitisation of feeder to introduce signal regeneration without sacrificing benefits of HFR concept

H:\athoc\publ\heidelb\eures_1.ppt 1 Workshop MTM `99 Moving to Mobility Broadband Hybrid Fibre Radio (HFR) Access Networks: Concepts and Evolutions by.

Documents

feasible slide

sdh slide

subscribers worldwide

modulator bank slide

flexible service mix

mbits business traffic

mbits broadcast

simple modulation fghz