Harkness2e chap05 ppt

Chapter 5: Frameworks for Health Promotion,

Disease Prevention, and Risk Reduction

Chapter Highlights• Influences on health and well-being• Role of the nurse as an

interdisciplinary team member in health promotion and prevention

• Health promotion programs• Epidemiologic models of health

promotion and public health science

Chapter Highlights (cont.)• Levels of prevention and pathogenesis• Immunizations• Screening• Behavior change theories• Ecological model and women living

with HIV/AIDS

QuestionIs the following statement true or false?International goals and directives to maintain the health of individuals, families, and communities are significant road maps for healthcare professionals.

AnswerFalseRationale: National, not international, goals and directives to maintain the health of individuals, families, and communities are significant road maps for healthcare professionals.

Health• Health—a quality, an ability to adapt

to change, or a resource to help cope with challenges and processes of daily living

• Well-being—a subjective perception of full functional ability as a human being

Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Risk Reduction as Core Activities of

Public Health• Providing essential input to

interdisciplinary programs • Evaluating health trends and risk

factors • Working with communities or specific

population groups within the community

Healthy People Initiatives• To increase quality and years of

healthy life• To eliminate any barriers to accessing

care, specifically through health disparities

Road Maps to Health Promotion• Epidemiologic model and prevention

• Levels of prevention• Primary• Secondary• Tertiary

QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Tertiary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury

AnswerFalseRationale: Secondary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury. Tertiary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end-stage of disease and injury trajectories

Levels of Prevention• Primary prevention—maximizing health and wellness

through strategies that are set in place before illness or injury is present

• Secondary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury

• Tertiary prevention—maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end-stage of disease and injury trajectories

QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Learning model—a behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion

AnswerFalseRationale: Health belief model—a behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion. Learning model—a behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose

Behavior Models• Motivational interviewing—client-

centered communication style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients and groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change

• Behavior change models—models that assist clients, groups, and communities to redirect activities toward health and wellness

Learning Model• A behavior change model

emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose

Health Belief Model• A behavior change model that

considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion

Transtheoretical Model• Precontemplation• Contemplation• Preparation• Action• Maintenance• Relapse

Theory of Reasoned Action• A behavior model that emphasizes

that individual performance of a given behavior is primarily determined by a person's intention to perform that behavior

Social Learning • A behavior change model that

considers environmental influences, personal factors, and behavior as key components of change

The Relapse Prevention Model• Negative emotional states• Lack of or limited coping skills• Decreased motivation• Stress• High-risk experiences

Ecological Model• Belief that all processes occurring

within individual people and their environment should be viewed as interdependent

Use of the Ecological Model: Evidence for Health Promotion Intervention

• Emphasize the unique developmental nature of variables that influence behaviors

• Use a multilayered understanding of influence on behaviors

• Test variables from each of the identified systems in the model to guide the assessment, development, implementation, and evaluation of targeted interventions

Use of the Ecological Model: Evidence for Health Promotion Intervention

(cont.)• Ontogenic system—personal factors• Microsystem—relationship between

women and the environment• Exosystem—formal and informal social

structures• Macroculture—values and beliefs of

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