Groups Terms and Titles… GROUP 1. 2 OR MORE PEOPLE 2. WHO INTERACT 3. SHARE EXPECTATIONS 4. AND POSSESS A SENSE OF COMMON IDENTITY.

Groups

Terms and Titles…

GROUP

1. 2 OR MORE PEOPLE

2. WHO INTERACT

3. SHARE EXPECTATIONS

4. AND POSSESS A SENSE OF COMMON IDENTITY

SOCIAL CATEGORY

CLASSIFY PEOPLE WITH A COMMON TRAIT OR A COMMON STATUS

SMOKERS DRIVERS TEENS BLONDES MALES/FEMALES

ORGANIZATION OF GROUPS

FORMAL = TAKE A FORM, GOALS AND ACTIVITIES ARE DEFINED

INFORMAL = NO OFFICIAL RULES

SIZE

DYAD = TWO MEMBERS

TRIAD = THREE MEMBERS

SMALL GROUP = 4-15 MEMBERS

LARGE GROUP = 16 MEMBERS OR MORE

PRIMARY GROUP

A SMALL, INFORMAL GROUP WHO INTERACT FOR A LONG TIME ON A DIRECT AND PERSONAL BASIS

INVOLVES ENTIRE PERSONALITY PERSON ORIENTED FAMILY

SECONDARY GROUP

A GROUP WHO INTERACT FOR A SPECIAL PURPOSE

INVOLVES AN ASPECT OF PERSONALITY

IMPERSONAL AND TEMPORARY A PERSON CAN EASILY BE

REPLACED GOAL ORIENTED

IN GROUP

THE GROUP A PERSON BELONGS TO AND IDENTIFIES WITH

SYMBOLS SEPARATE THEM POSITIVE SELF IMAGE OTHERS MAY HAVE A NEGATIVE

IMAGE COMPETE

OUT GROUP

A GROUP A PERSON DOES NOT BELONG TO OR IDENTIFY WITH

REFERENCE GROUP

A GROUP WITH WHOM A PERSON IDENTIFIES WITH AND WHOSE ATTITUDES AND VALUES THEY ADOPT

PEER GROUPS CLUBS OCCUPATIONS GANGS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

Rules and Socialization

Socialization is the process of learning society’s rules

Norms are social rules or standards The Three types of Norms include: Folkways- simple everyday customs Mores- serious rules Laws- Norms made and enforced by the

government of a society. Laws usually apply to mores.

Following the Norms Positive sanctions

are rewards that one gets for following the norms of a society

Negative Sanctions are punishments that are applied to a person who breaks the norms

The Parts of Social Structure

Social structure is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction

A status is a socially defined position in a group or in a society. Each status has attacked to it one or more roles.

A role is the behavior- the rights and obligations- expected of someone occupying a particular status.

Status

Status is a way of defining the relationships among individuals in a society in terms of their rights and obligations.

Statuses can be either ascribed or achieved.

Ascribed and Achieved Statuses

An ascribed status is assigned according to standards that are beyond a person’s control such as age group, gender ( or sex) or race.

An achieved status is acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge, or ability. Achieved statuses are acquired on the basis of a person’s direct effort, often through competition.

One’s master status is the status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his or her social identity.

Owned

Roles

Roles are the kinds of behavior that a person is supposed to exhibit (show) in a particular group or society. A person may have several roles at one time such as: friend, student, son, employee

Role expectations are socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role

Role performance is the actual role behavior

Role Conflict and Role Strain

Role conflict occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status

Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status.