Groups Terms and Titles…
Mar 27, 2015
Groups
Terms and Titles…
GROUP
1. 2 OR MORE PEOPLE
2. WHO INTERACT
3. SHARE EXPECTATIONS
4. AND POSSESS A SENSE OF COMMON IDENTITY
SOCIAL CATEGORY
CLASSIFY PEOPLE WITH A COMMON TRAIT OR A COMMON STATUS
SMOKERS DRIVERS TEENS BLONDES MALES/FEMALES
ORGANIZATION OF GROUPS
FORMAL = TAKE A FORM, GOALS AND ACTIVITIES ARE DEFINED
INFORMAL = NO OFFICIAL RULES
SIZE
DYAD = TWO MEMBERS
TRIAD = THREE MEMBERS
SMALL GROUP = 4-15 MEMBERS
LARGE GROUP = 16 MEMBERS OR MORE
PRIMARY GROUP
A SMALL, INFORMAL GROUP WHO INTERACT FOR A LONG TIME ON A DIRECT AND PERSONAL BASIS
INVOLVES ENTIRE PERSONALITY PERSON ORIENTED FAMILY
SECONDARY GROUP
A GROUP WHO INTERACT FOR A SPECIAL PURPOSE
INVOLVES AN ASPECT OF PERSONALITY
IMPERSONAL AND TEMPORARY A PERSON CAN EASILY BE
REPLACED GOAL ORIENTED
IN GROUP
THE GROUP A PERSON BELONGS TO AND IDENTIFIES WITH
SYMBOLS SEPARATE THEM POSITIVE SELF IMAGE OTHERS MAY HAVE A NEGATIVE
IMAGE COMPETE
OUT GROUP
A GROUP A PERSON DOES NOT BELONG TO OR IDENTIFY WITH
REFERENCE GROUP
A GROUP WITH WHOM A PERSON IDENTIFIES WITH AND WHOSE ATTITUDES AND VALUES THEY ADOPT
PEER GROUPS CLUBS OCCUPATIONS GANGS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE
Rules and Socialization
Socialization is the process of learning society’s rules
Norms are social rules or standards The Three types of Norms include: Folkways- simple everyday customs Mores- serious rules Laws- Norms made and enforced by the
government of a society. Laws usually apply to mores.
Following the Norms Positive sanctions
are rewards that one gets for following the norms of a society
Negative Sanctions are punishments that are applied to a person who breaks the norms
The Parts of Social Structure
Social structure is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction
A status is a socially defined position in a group or in a society. Each status has attacked to it one or more roles.
A role is the behavior- the rights and obligations- expected of someone occupying a particular status.
Status
Status is a way of defining the relationships among individuals in a society in terms of their rights and obligations.
Statuses can be either ascribed or achieved.
Ascribed and Achieved Statuses
An ascribed status is assigned according to standards that are beyond a person’s control such as age group, gender ( or sex) or race.
An achieved status is acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge, or ability. Achieved statuses are acquired on the basis of a person’s direct effort, often through competition.
One’s master status is the status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his or her social identity.
Owned
Roles
Roles are the kinds of behavior that a person is supposed to exhibit (show) in a particular group or society. A person may have several roles at one time such as: friend, student, son, employee
Role expectations are socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role
Role performance is the actual role behavior
Role Conflict and Role Strain
Role conflict occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status
Role strain occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status.