Global Involvements and World War I, 1902 – 1920 Chapter 22.
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Transcript
2
Readings
• Pp. 663-671• Pp.671-683• Pp. 684-694• Also, make sure you
have read
Company K excerpts• “Our Boys” article• “Influenza, 1918”
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Introduction
• Jane Addams– Urged increased food
production– Fought for lower infant
mortality rates– Organized Women’s
International League– 1931 Nobel Peace Prize
4
Defining America’s World Role, 1902-1914
• Events of the 1890’s signaled America’s growing involvement in World affairs
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The “Open Door”: Competing for the China Market
• Open Door– Textile investments– Railroad construction
• Boxer Rebellion– Harmonious Righteous
Fists– Secretary of State John
Hay– “informal empire”– 250,00o international army
• Open Door notes– 1900 Sec. Hay
• 467 million X 1.25 perShirt
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The Panama Canal: Hardball Diplomacy
• 1879 French company• 1888 bankrupt• 1902 sold to US 40 million• Colombia? NO!• “Greedy little Anthropoids”
• Philippe Bunau-Varilla• New York Hotel revolution
• Nov. 3, 1903• US warship• 10 miles in perpetuity
• Walter Reed– Army Medical Corps
– Yellow Fever– Gorgas
• Panama Canal– 1906– 1914– Colombia gave in– 1921 $25 million
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Roosevelt Asserts U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia
• Roosevelt– Venezuela
– Great Britain, Germany, Italy
– Dominican Republic– “Roosevelt Corollary”
to the Monroe Doc.– “wrongdoing”
– “Talk Softly but carry a big stick!”
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Great White Fleet• San Francisco Board of
Education– No Asians in schools!
• “Yellow Peril”– California journalists
• “While Peril”– Japanese journalists
• 16 gleaming battleships• Japan and Russia cut us
out of China!• Oh, if the first Roosevelt had only known!
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Taft Asserts US Power
• Revolt against Adolfo Diaz in Nicaragua
• Taft sends marines who stay until 1933
• Russia attacks and invades Manchuria
• Russo-Japanese War• Japan sunk Russian fleet 1904
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War in Europe"Rule Britannia"
"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:"Britons never will be slaves."
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The Coming of War
• "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier"
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The Perils of Neutrality
• Britain loses the Battle of Jutland.
• Britain declares North Sea a “war zone.”
• Germany declares waters off the coast of Britain a “war zone.”
• President Wilson: “Americans are to stay neutral in thought and in actions.”
• American banks loan $27 million to Germany
• American banks loan $4.3 billion to allies.
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Presidential Election of 1916
• “He kept us OUT of War”
Wilson defeats Charles Evans Hughes of New York, a Republican. Roosevelt roars, “The only difference in the two is the mustache—cowards.”
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The United States Enters the War
• Wilson is elected in November.
• Russia is disabled from the war.
• Germany resumes “unrestricted U-boat warfare.”
• Czar is arrested. Democratic government comes to power in Russia. Yea, right!
• U-boats sink 5 American ships.
• Zimmerman Telegram to Germany’s ambassador to Mexico is intercepted.
• “Help us, and get back your lost territories.”
• April 2, 1917 Joint resolution to Congress. “Let us go and make the world safe for democracy.”
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Mobilizing at Home, Fighting in France, 1917-1918
• Casualties– Allied 70% casualties– US 8% in 19 months
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Raising, Training and Testing an Army
• Selective Service Act (May 1917)
• Commission on Training Camp Activities
• American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
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Organizing the Economy for War
• War Industries Board– Fuel Administration– Food Administration
• “Meatless Mondays”• Wheatless Wednesdays• “Serve Beans By All Means”
• Harriot Stanton Blatch
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British Russian and American
Allies
General Earl Haig, “Butcher Haig” as some came to call him for 2 million British casualties
King George V, Black Jack Pershing, Czar Nicholas II
Notice anything abut George V and Nicholas?Voice of Nicholas II, last Czar of Russia
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With the Expeditionary Force in France
• As early as 1916 American volunteers jointed a French air unit known as the Lafayette Escadrille (squadron).
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Alabama Military Installations
Maxwell Field, Lieutenant Maxwell, Red Cross, Fort McClellan, Ft Rucker
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Flanders Fields
• In the Trenches recreation
"In Flanders Fields"
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With the AEF
“A German bullet is cleaner than a whore.”
“For God’s sake don’t show this to the President, he’ll stop the war.”
German spring 1918 offensives along the Aisne River and Marne
Harlem Hellfighters
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Joyous Armistice, Bitter Aftermath, 1918-1920
• 11th Hour
• Of the 11th Day
• Of the 11th Month
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCEWrrkJ82M
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