Global Involvements and World War I, 1902 – 1920 Chapter 22.

Global Involvements and World War I,

1902 – 1920

Chapter 22

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Readings

• Pp. 663-671• Pp.671-683• Pp. 684-694• Also, make sure you

have read

Company K excerpts• “Our Boys” article• “Influenza, 1918”

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Introduction

• Jane Addams– Urged increased food

production– Fought for lower infant

mortality rates– Organized Women’s

International League– 1931 Nobel Peace Prize

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Defining America’s World Role, 1902-1914

• Events of the 1890’s signaled America’s growing involvement in World affairs

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The “Open Door”: Competing for the China Market

• Open Door– Textile investments– Railroad construction

• Boxer Rebellion– Harmonious Righteous

Fists– Secretary of State John

Hay– “informal empire”– 250,00o international army

• Open Door notes– 1900 Sec. Hay

• 467 million X 1.25 perShirt

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The Panama Canal: Hardball Diplomacy

• 1879 French company• 1888 bankrupt• 1902 sold to US 40 million• Colombia? NO!• “Greedy little Anthropoids”

• Philippe Bunau-Varilla• New York Hotel revolution

• Nov. 3, 1903• US warship• 10 miles in perpetuity

• Walter Reed– Army Medical Corps

– Yellow Fever– Gorgas

• Panama Canal– 1906– 1914– Colombia gave in– 1921 $25 million

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Roosevelt Asserts U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia

• Roosevelt– Venezuela

– Great Britain, Germany, Italy

– Dominican Republic– “Roosevelt Corollary”

to the Monroe Doc.– “wrongdoing”

– “Talk Softly but carry a big stick!”

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Great White Fleet• San Francisco Board of

Education– No Asians in schools!

• “Yellow Peril”– California journalists

• “While Peril”– Japanese journalists

• 16 gleaming battleships• Japan and Russia cut us

out of China!• Oh, if the first Roosevelt had only known!

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Taft Asserts US Power

• Revolt against Adolfo Diaz in Nicaragua

• Taft sends marines who stay until 1933

• Russia attacks and invades Manchuria

• Russo-Japanese War• Japan sunk Russian fleet 1904

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Map 22.1: U.S. Hegemony in the Caribbean and Latin America

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Wilson and Latin America

• John J. Pershing• “Black Jack”

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War in Europe"Rule Britannia"

"Rule, Britannia! rule the waves:"Britons never will be slaves."

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The Coming of War

• "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier"

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The Perils of Neutrality

• Britain loses the Battle of Jutland.

• Britain declares North Sea a “war zone.”

• Germany declares waters off the coast of Britain a “war zone.”

• President Wilson: “Americans are to stay neutral in thought and in actions.”

• American banks loan $27 million to Germany

• American banks loan $4.3 billion to allies.

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Lusitania

May 7, 1915

Sunk off the coast of Ireland

128 Americans killed

Secretly carrying munitions

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Presidential Election of 1916

• “He kept us OUT of War”

Wilson defeats Charles Evans Hughes of New York, a Republican. Roosevelt roars, “The only difference in the two is the mustache—cowards.”

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The United States Enters the War

• Wilson is elected in November.

• Russia is disabled from the war.

• Germany resumes “unrestricted U-boat warfare.”

• Czar is arrested. Democratic government comes to power in Russia. Yea, right!

• U-boats sink 5 American ships.

• Zimmerman Telegram to Germany’s ambassador to Mexico is intercepted.

• “Help us, and get back your lost territories.”

• April 2, 1917 Joint resolution to Congress. “Let us go and make the world safe for democracy.”

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Mobilizing at Home, Fighting in France, 1917-1918

• Casualties– Allied 70% casualties– US 8% in 19 months

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Raising, Training and Testing an Army

• Selective Service Act (May 1917)

• Commission on Training Camp Activities

• American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

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Organizing the Economy for War

• War Industries Board– Fuel Administration– Food Administration

• “Meatless Mondays”• Wheatless Wednesdays• “Serve Beans By All Means”

• Harriot Stanton Blatch

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Personalities

Kaiser Wilhelm Count Alfred von

Schlieffen

Paul von Hindenburg

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French Allies

French general

Victor Michel French general Ferdinand Foch

French general

Joseph Joffre

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British Russian and American

Allies

General Earl Haig, “Butcher Haig” as some came to call him for 2 million British casualties

King George V, Black Jack Pershing, Czar Nicholas II

Notice anything abut George V and Nicholas?Voice of Nicholas II, last Czar of Russia

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With the Expeditionary Force in France

• As early as 1916 American volunteers jointed a French air unit known as the Lafayette Escadrille (squadron).

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World War I Artillery

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Necessary Elements of War

Maxim gun, U-boats, German anti-aircraft,

gas masks and British whistles

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With the Expeditionary Force, continued…

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Alabamians who served

Corporal Sidney Manning,

Manning Memorial,

Major General Robert Lee Bullard

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Alabama Military Installations

Maxwell Field, Lieutenant Maxwell, Red Cross, Fort McClellan, Ft Rucker

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Map 22.2: The United States on the Western Front, 1918

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WWI Aircraft

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WWI Aircraft

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World War I Posters

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Flanders Fields

• In the Trenches recreation

"In Flanders Fields"

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With the AEF

“A German bullet is cleaner than a whore.”

“For God’s sake don’t show this to the President, he’ll stop the war.”

German spring 1918 offensives along the Aisne River and Marne

Harlem Hellfighters

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Turning the Tide

MUD

St. Mihiel

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Chateau-Thierry

• 3 US army and marine divisions stopped Germans here.

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Belleau Wood

• 1 division 27,000 men and 1,000 officers

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Rheims

• Turning point of war• German attack failed• Counter attack overwhelmed

Germans.

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Promoting War and Suppressing Dissent

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Advertising the War

• Committee on Public Information

• The Marne, Edith Wharton

• New Republic

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Wartime Intolerance and Dissent

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Phonograph, Popular Music and Home Front Morale

• Make sure and read pp. 680-681

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Suppressing Dissent

• Espionage Act

• Sedition Amendment

• Schenck v. United States

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Suppressing Dissent by Law

• Espionage Act

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Economic and Social Trends in Wartime America

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Boom Times in Industry and Agriculture

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Blacks Migrate Northward

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Women in Wartime

• 19th Amendment

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Public-Health Crisis: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic

• Spanish Flu

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Figure 22.1: Death Rate from Influenza and Pneumonia, 1900–1960

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The War and Progressivism

• 18th Amendment

• War Labor Board

• Bureau of War Risk Insurance

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Joyous Armistice, Bitter Aftermath, 1918-1920

• 11th Hour

• Of the 11th Day

• Of the 11th Month

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCEWrrkJ82M

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Wilson’s 14 Points: the Armistice

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The Versailles Peace Conference,1919

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Fight over the League of Nations

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Racism and Red Scare, 1919-1920

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Election of 1920

• Warren G. Harding

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Conclusion