Transcript
Geosynthetics – a planar product
manufactured from polymeric
materials used with rock, earth, or
other geotechnical engineering
related material as an integral part
of a human-made project, structure,
or system.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS
Separation Filtration Reinforcement Drainage Containment
FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS
GEOSYNTHETICS DIVN.
ENV.PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE
LANDFILL ENGINEERING
COASTAL PROTECTION
ROCKFALL PROTECTION
ROADS
RAILWAYS
GROUND IMPROVEMENT
CANAL LINING
FLOOD CONTROL
OUR KEY SECTORS
Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial)
GeotextilesWoven
Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Nonwoven
GeomembranesGeonet
OUR PRODUCT RANGE
GabionsSteel Wire Polymer Rope
Boulder NetGARMAT
PVD
Anco Drain
OUR PRODUCT RANGE
PRODUCTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS
Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when
filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and
scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal
structures for River and Channel Protection like
Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc
Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore
Gabion Facia
GarmatTM
ReinforcedSoil
STEEL GABIONS
Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa
Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division
Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore
Gabion Facia
GarmatTM
ReinforcedSoil
STEEL GABIONS
Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa
Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division
STEEL GABIONS
Abutment Protection Works, JJKR Section & DKB Line, East Coast Railways
Bridge Abutment, Central Railways, Mumbai Division
Toe Protection Works – Central Railways
Flood Protection Works, Mula River, PuneTapi River Bank Protection under Construction using Steel Gabions, Barimata, Surat, Gujarat)
Bank Protection, Gujarat
STEEL GABIONS
Jetty, Gujarat
Gabion Mattresses in Revetments, HCC Teesta
STEEL GABIONS
PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater
Applications to form structures like
breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.
Shore Erosion - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat, India
POLYMER ROPE GABIONS
Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra
POLYMER ROPE GABIONS
Revetment - Anti Erosion Sea BundMorbhagwa, Gujarat, India
Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat
Woven Multifilament GeotextilesUsed as Separator and filter in roads and
railways.
Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement
and Reinforced Slopes.
Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and
Bags for use in shore and bank protection works
as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.
Woven Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai)
WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM,Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project
Filter - Woven geotextiles
Separator - Approach Embankment for Bridge across Vasista, Godavari at Chinchinada, A.P. (N H 5A)3
Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh
WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
GEOTEXTILE TUBE - SHORE PROTECTION
Geotextile Tube
HWL
Geotextile Bags Woven
Geotextile
Shore Protection Works :
Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India
WOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Filter Material
Geotextile Bags – Toe ProtectionGeotextile Tube
Geotextile Bags
Geotextile Tube
After installation - During High Tide
Nonwoven GeotextilesUsed as drainage layer,
geomembrane protection
layer and filter.
NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Protection Layer,Doodhganga Canal Project, Kolhapur, Maharashtra
Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,Vishakapatnam
NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES
Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P
Geomat (Mulch mat) Promotes micro-reinforced
vegetation and effectively
controls erosion of top soil.
GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (HZL, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh)
GARMATTM
GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa)
Before After
Uniaxial GeogridsCharacterized by High
Strength at low strain along
the principal direction; Used
in Reinforced soil structures.
Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB, – Inner Side View, towards deck slab (Korba, India)
UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
RS Wall with Gabion Facia and Geogrid as reinforcement at Bellary, Karnataka)
Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM,Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project
UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
Biaxial GeogridsStructural performance by
interlocking mechanism;
Possess high aperture
stability and junction
strength; Used in ground
stabilization, pavements and
trackbed stabilization
Installation of Tensar SSLA30 Biaxial Geogrid at ballast level (Kazipet-Ballarshah section,, South Central Railway)
Subgrade Stabilization using Tensar Biaxial Geogrids
Talasari - Udhava Major Dist. Road, PWD, Maharashtra
BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS
Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat
HDPE GeomembranesImpermeable sheets used as
barriers to liquid and vapors;
Finds application in landfills,
canal lining, reservoir lining,
gypsum pond lining, etc.
Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra
Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)
HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,Vishakapatnam
Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra
Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)
HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,Vishakapatnam
HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P
PCMC Landfill, Pune
Geosynthetic Clay LinersConsists of a continuous layer
of natural sodium bentonite
powder, sandwiched between
geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic
barrier.
Pond lining
GeonetsNet like structure exclusively
used for their in-plane
drainage function.
GeonetsGeonets are formed by a continuous extrusion of
polymeric ribs at acute angles to one another to create a three
dimensional net-like configuration. The flow capacity
of the net is determined primarily by the thickness of the ribs. Geonets comprised of two
ribs are commonly referred to as Bi-Planar Geonets.
Anco drain consists of hollow pipe like section or tubular
section with specially designed fleets at the bottom &
perforations all along the length of the pipe. They have adequate
treatment to corrosion
Anco drains are provided for drainage & as soil anchors. These can be used in combination with boulder net and geomat (mulch mat) provided for prevention of
surface erosion.
ANCO DRAIN
MRPL, Mangalore
ANCO DRAIN
Anco Drain
Anco Drain
Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD, wick drain, plastic board
drain)
Land reclamation projects
Construction of highways, railways, airfields and dykes
Ports and harbour construction
Development of industrial sites
Mitigation of liquefaction
PRODUCT & APPLICATION
Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when
filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and
scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal structures for River and Channel Protection like Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc.
PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater
Applications to form structures like breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.
PRODUCT & APPLICATION
Steel Wire Rope Nets Rockfall Protection System used on high cuttings.
Woven Multifilament Geotextiles Used as Separator and filter in roads and railways. Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement
and Reinforced Slopes. Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and Bags
for use in shore and bank protection works as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.
Geomat (Mulch mat) Promotes micro-reinforced vegetation and
effectively controls erosion of top soil.
Uniaxial Geogrids Characterized by High Strength at low strain
along the principal direction; Used in Reinforced soil structures.
Biaxial Geogrids Structural performance by interlocking
mechanism; Possess high aperture stability and junction strength; Used in ground stabilization, pavements and trackbed stabilization.
Nonwoven Geotextiles Used as drainage layer, geomembrane
protection layer and filter.
PRODUCT & APPLICATION
HDPE Geomembranes Impermeable sheets used as barriers to liquid
and vapors; Finds application in landfills, canal lining, reservoir lining, gypsum pond lining, etc.
Geosynthetic Clay Liners Consists of a continuous layer of natural
sodium bentonite powder, sandwiched between geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic barrier.
Geonets Net like structure exclusively used for their
in-plane drainage function.
PRODUCT & APPLICATION
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Properties :
Polymer Composition, Structure & Physical
Properties
Mechanical Properties
Hydraulic Properties
Survivability
Installation Practices
UV Resistance
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Present Scenario:• For any application, the technical specification
includes all the properties irrespective of the function to be satisfied
It is significant to specify the properties essential for the function
Eg: For Reinforcement application
It is more relevant to specify long-term strength and strength at 2% and 5% strain rather than Ultimate Strength
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Dictates the exact materials and processes to be used in a project
No guarantee that the best available product is delivered
They focus on the Process and not on the Final Output (Performance)
FUNCTIONS PROPERTIES
Separation AOS
Filtration AOS & Permittivity
Drainage AOS & In-Plane Permeability
Reinforcement Tensile Strength, Secant Modulus
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
Mechanism of Working Lateral Restraint thro’ Better
Confinement and Interlocking
GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS
Rib Thickness & Shape
Aperture Size & Shape
Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product
GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS
Junction Strength & Rigidity Junction Efficiency
• Aperture Rigidity
• Radial Stiffness
• Secant Modulus
Performance specifications describe how the finished product should perform over time
It is the bridge between design, construction quality, and long-term product performance
Specifications that use quantified quality characteristics and life cycle cost relationships correlated to product performance.
PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)
Performance Parameters – Depends on the Product and the
application
Governing FactorsEnd Result Elements:
- Bearing capacity, stability, settlements, cracking, etc.,
Functional Requirements:- Smoothness, friction, etc.,
PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)
Critical Quality Characteristics Measurable and tied to product
performance
Prediction Tools (modelling and databases) Verified, calibrated, validated, and
made appropriate for local conditions
Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA) To compare the as-designed product
section to the as-built section
PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Fundamental Requirements:
Improved link between Design and Construction
Improved and focused testing on characteristics related to performance
Promoting best practices to improve quality
Improving Flexibility, Efficiency and Value of the system
Benefits
PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Adding private sector innovation
Allow contractors more freedom to implement their own procedures, choose their own equipment, and conduct site-specific process control programs
Transferring risk away from the owner
PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS
Benefits
REFERENCES
Performance Specifications Strategic Road Map, 2004
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/pssr04tc.cfm
Developing Performance Specifications - Consultation
response analysis report, January 2004
http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/3060.aspx
REFERENCES
INF02 Adopt Performance and Warranty
Specifications to Improve the Quality of Highway
Construction
http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommend
ations/Chapter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html
M.VenkataramanAdvisor, Geosynthetics Division,
Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd.Plot No. 11, Block D-1, M.I.D.C. Chinchwad,
Pune- 411019, India.Phone: + 91-20-30780000, 30780150
Fax: + 91-20-30780350.
Email : geo@garwareropes.com
mvenkatraman@garwareropes.com
Website : www.garwareropes.com
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