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Geosynthetics – a planar product manufactured from polymeric materials used with rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a human-made project, structure, or system. INTRODUCTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS
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Page 1: Geo Synthetics

Geosynthetics – a planar product

manufactured from polymeric

materials used with rock, earth, or

other geotechnical engineering

related material as an integral part

of a human-made project, structure,

or system.

INTRODUCTION TO GEOSYNTHETICS

Page 2: Geo Synthetics

Separation Filtration Reinforcement Drainage Containment

FUNCTIONS OF GEOSYNTHETICS

Page 3: Geo Synthetics

GEOSYNTHETICS DIVN.

ENV.PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE

LANDFILL ENGINEERING

COASTAL PROTECTION

ROCKFALL PROTECTION

ROADS

RAILWAYS

GROUND IMPROVEMENT

CANAL LINING

FLOOD CONTROL

OUR KEY SECTORS

Page 4: Geo Synthetics

Geogrids (Uniaxial &Biaxial)

GeotextilesWoven

Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Nonwoven

GeomembranesGeonet

OUR PRODUCT RANGE

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GabionsSteel Wire Polymer Rope

Boulder NetGARMAT

PVD

Anco Drain

OUR PRODUCT RANGE

Page 6: Geo Synthetics

PRODUCTS & THEIR APPLICATIONS

Page 7: Geo Synthetics

Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when

filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and

scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal

structures for River and Channel Protection like

Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc

Page 8: Geo Synthetics

Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore

Gabion Facia

GarmatTM

ReinforcedSoil

STEEL GABIONS

Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa

Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division

Page 9: Geo Synthetics

Reinforced Soil System with Gabion Facia, MRPL, Mangalore

Gabion Facia

GarmatTM

ReinforcedSoil

STEEL GABIONS

Gabion Retaining Wall – Lavasa

Slope Retention works at Sakleshpur – Subhramanya Road Section, South Western Railways, Mysore Division

Page 10: Geo Synthetics

STEEL GABIONS

Abutment Protection Works, JJKR Section & DKB Line, East Coast Railways

Bridge Abutment, Central Railways, Mumbai Division

Toe Protection Works – Central Railways

Page 11: Geo Synthetics

Flood Protection Works, Mula River, PuneTapi River Bank Protection under Construction using Steel Gabions, Barimata, Surat, Gujarat)

Bank Protection, Gujarat

STEEL GABIONS

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Jetty, Gujarat

Gabion Mattresses in Revetments, HCC Teesta

STEEL GABIONS

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PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater

Applications to form structures like

breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.

Page 14: Geo Synthetics

Shore Erosion - Swaminarayan Temple, Gujarat, India

POLYMER ROPE GABIONS

Groynes - Varsoli Creek, Alibaug, Maharashtra

Page 15: Geo Synthetics

POLYMER ROPE GABIONS

Revetment - Anti Erosion Sea BundMorbhagwa, Gujarat, India

Narmada Bank Protection Works, Madhi, Gujarat

Page 16: Geo Synthetics

Woven Multifilament GeotextilesUsed as Separator and filter in roads and

railways.

Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement

and Reinforced Slopes.

Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and

Bags for use in shore and bank protection works

as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.

Page 17: Geo Synthetics

Woven Geotextile - Separator (Thane, Mumbai)

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM,Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project

Filter - Woven geotextiles

Page 18: Geo Synthetics

Separator - Approach Embankment for Bridge across Vasista, Godavari at Chinchinada, A.P. (N H 5A)3

Reinforcement, Vishakapatnam Airport, Andhra Pradesh

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Page 19: Geo Synthetics

GEOTEXTILE TUBE - SHORE PROTECTION

Geotextile Tube

HWL

Geotextile Bags Woven

Geotextile

Shore Protection Works :

Shankarpur to Halda, West Bengal, India

WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Filter Material

Geotextile Bags – Toe ProtectionGeotextile Tube

Geotextile Bags

Geotextile Tube

After installation - During High Tide

Page 20: Geo Synthetics

Nonwoven GeotextilesUsed as drainage layer,

geomembrane protection

layer and filter.

Page 21: Geo Synthetics

NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Protection Layer,Doodhganga Canal Project, Kolhapur, Maharashtra

Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,Vishakapatnam

Page 22: Geo Synthetics

NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Protection Layer in Landfills, HZL, Visakhapatnam, A.P

Page 23: Geo Synthetics

Geomat (Mulch mat) Promotes micro-reinforced

vegetation and effectively

controls erosion of top soil.

Page 24: Geo Synthetics

GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (HZL, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh)

GARMATTM

GarmatTM Erosion Control Mat (Mahanadi Coal Fields, Talcher, Orissa)

Before After

Page 25: Geo Synthetics

Uniaxial GeogridsCharacterized by High

Strength at low strain along

the principal direction; Used

in Reinforced soil structures.

Page 26: Geo Synthetics

Tensar® Geogrid Reinforced Soil Wall System at CSEB, – Inner Side View, towards deck slab (Korba, India)

UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

RS Wall with Gabion Facia and Geogrid as reinforcement at Bellary, Karnataka)

Page 27: Geo Synthetics

Geogrid Wraparound Wall at CH. 48 KM & CH. 50 KM,Lucknow - Muzaffarpur National Highway Project

UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Page 28: Geo Synthetics

Biaxial GeogridsStructural performance by

interlocking mechanism;

Possess high aperture

stability and junction

strength; Used in ground

stabilization, pavements and

trackbed stabilization

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Installation of Tensar SSLA30 Biaxial Geogrid at ballast level (Kazipet-Ballarshah section,, South Central Railway)

Subgrade Stabilization using Tensar Biaxial Geogrids

Talasari - Udhava Major Dist. Road, PWD, Maharashtra

BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Page 30: Geo Synthetics

BIAXIAL GEOGRIDS

Ground Improvement for Tank Foundation, HPCL, Mundra, Gujarat

Page 31: Geo Synthetics

HDPE GeomembranesImpermeable sheets used as

barriers to liquid and vapors;

Finds application in landfills,

canal lining, reservoir lining,

gypsum pond lining, etc.

Page 32: Geo Synthetics

Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra

Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,Vishakapatnam

Page 33: Geo Synthetics

Reservoir Lining, Finolex Industries, Maharashtra

Doodhganga Canal Project (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Lining of Dry Gypsum Pond, Coromandal Fertilizers Ltd.,Vishakapatnam

Page 34: Geo Synthetics

HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Landfill, HZL Visakhapatnam, A.P

PCMC Landfill, Pune

Page 35: Geo Synthetics

Geosynthetic Clay LinersConsists of a continuous layer

of natural sodium bentonite

powder, sandwiched between

geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic

barrier.

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Pond lining

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GeonetsNet like structure exclusively

used for their in-plane

drainage function.

Page 38: Geo Synthetics

GeonetsGeonets are formed by a continuous extrusion of

polymeric ribs at acute angles to one another to create a three

dimensional net-like configuration. The flow capacity

of the net is determined primarily by the thickness of the ribs. Geonets comprised of two

ribs are commonly referred to as Bi-Planar Geonets.

Page 39: Geo Synthetics

Anco drain consists of hollow pipe like section or tubular

section with specially designed fleets at the bottom &

perforations all along the length of the pipe. They have adequate

treatment to corrosion

Anco drains are provided for drainage & as soil anchors. These can be used in combination with boulder net and geomat (mulch mat) provided for prevention of

surface erosion.

ANCO DRAIN

Page 40: Geo Synthetics

MRPL, Mangalore

ANCO DRAIN

Anco Drain

Anco Drain

Page 41: Geo Synthetics

Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD, wick drain, plastic board

drain)

Land reclamation projects

Construction of highways, railways, airfields and dykes

Ports and harbour construction

Development of industrial sites

Mitigation of liquefaction

Page 42: Geo Synthetics

PRODUCT & APPLICATION

Steel Wire Gabions and Mattresses Form a variety of Monolithic Structures when

filled with boulders. Find application as Retaining walls, Erosion and

scour protection works, Hydraulic / Coastal structures for River and Channel Protection like Weirs, Check Dams, Groynes, etc.

PP Rope Gabions and Mattresses Collapsible Sausages used in Underwater

Applications to form structures like breakwaters, seawalls, groynes, and aprons.

Page 43: Geo Synthetics

PRODUCT & APPLICATION

Steel Wire Rope Nets Rockfall Protection System used on high cuttings.

Woven Multifilament Geotextiles Used as Separator and filter in roads and railways. Used as reinforcement in Ground Improvement

and Reinforced Slopes. Made into Geotextile Tubes, Containers and Bags

for use in shore and bank protection works as groynes, breakwaters, sea walls, etc.

Geomat (Mulch mat) Promotes micro-reinforced vegetation and

effectively controls erosion of top soil.

Page 44: Geo Synthetics

Uniaxial Geogrids Characterized by High Strength at low strain

along the principal direction; Used in Reinforced soil structures.

Biaxial Geogrids Structural performance by interlocking

mechanism; Possess high aperture stability and junction strength; Used in ground stabilization, pavements and trackbed stabilization.

Nonwoven Geotextiles Used as drainage layer, geomembrane

protection layer and filter.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION

Page 45: Geo Synthetics

HDPE Geomembranes Impermeable sheets used as barriers to liquid

and vapors; Finds application in landfills, canal lining, reservoir lining, gypsum pond lining, etc.

Geosynthetic Clay Liners Consists of a continuous layer of natural

sodium bentonite powder, sandwiched between geotextiles; Acts as hydraulic barrier.

Geonets Net like structure exclusively used for their

in-plane drainage function.

PRODUCT & APPLICATION

Page 46: Geo Synthetics

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Properties :

Polymer Composition, Structure & Physical

Properties

Mechanical Properties

Hydraulic Properties

Survivability

Installation Practices

UV Resistance

Page 47: Geo Synthetics

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Present Scenario:• For any application, the technical specification

includes all the properties irrespective of the function to be satisfied

It is significant to specify the properties essential for the function

Eg: For Reinforcement application

It is more relevant to specify long-term strength and strength at 2% and 5% strain rather than Ultimate Strength

Page 48: Geo Synthetics

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Dictates the exact materials and processes to be used in a project

No guarantee that the best available product is delivered

They focus on the Process and not on the Final Output (Performance)

Page 49: Geo Synthetics

FUNCTIONS PROPERTIES

Separation AOS

Filtration AOS & Permittivity

Drainage AOS & In-Plane Permeability

Reinforcement Tensile Strength, Secant Modulus

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product

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Mechanism of Working Lateral Restraint thro’ Better

Confinement and Interlocking

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS

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Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS

Rib Thickness & Shape

Aperture Size & Shape

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Properties Influencing Effective Performance of the Product

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENTS

Junction Strength & Rigidity Junction Efficiency

• Aperture Rigidity

• Radial Stiffness

• Secant Modulus

Page 53: Geo Synthetics

Performance specifications describe how the finished product should perform over time

It is the bridge between design, construction quality, and long-term product performance

Specifications that use quantified quality characteristics and life cycle cost relationships correlated to product performance.

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

Page 54: Geo Synthetics

Performance Parameters – Depends on the Product and the

application

Governing FactorsEnd Result Elements:

- Bearing capacity, stability, settlements, cracking, etc.,

Functional Requirements:- Smoothness, friction, etc.,

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS (PRS)

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Critical Quality Characteristics Measurable and tied to product

performance

Prediction Tools (modelling and databases) Verified, calibrated, validated, and

made appropriate for local conditions

Life Cycle Cost Analyses (LCCA) To compare the as-designed product

section to the as-built section

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

Fundamental Requirements:

Page 56: Geo Synthetics

Improved link between Design and Construction

Improved and focused testing on characteristics related to performance

Promoting best practices to improve quality

Improving Flexibility, Efficiency and Value of the system

Benefits

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

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Adding private sector innovation

Allow contractors more freedom to implement their own procedures, choose their own equipment, and conduct site-specific process control programs

Transferring risk away from the owner

PERFORMANCE RELATED SPECIFICATIONS

Benefits

Page 58: Geo Synthetics

REFERENCES

Performance Specifications Strategic Road Map, 2004

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/construction/pssr04tc.cfm

Developing Performance Specifications - Consultation

response analysis report, January 2004

http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/3060.aspx

Page 59: Geo Synthetics

REFERENCES

INF02 Adopt Performance and Warranty

Specifications to Improve the Quality of Highway

Construction

http://cpr.ca.gov/CPR_Report/Issues_and_Recommend

ations/Chapter_4_Infrastructure/INF02.html

Page 60: Geo Synthetics

M.VenkataramanAdvisor, Geosynthetics Division,

Garware-Wall Ropes Ltd.Plot No. 11, Block D-1, M.I.D.C. Chinchwad,

Pune- 411019, India.Phone: + 91-20-30780000, 30780150

Fax: + 91-20-30780350.

Email : [email protected]

[email protected]

Website : www.garwareropes.com