FTTP & Voice Over IP An Brief Introduction Elizabeth Correa- System Solutions Architect .
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FTTP & Voice Over IP
An Brief IntroductionElizabeth Correa- System Solutions Architect
www.bettworld.com/ACM2007
Agenda
Fiber to the Premises Overview
VoIP Overview
Asterisk Demo
Video on Fiber to the Home
http://www.ftthcouncil.org/?t=225
Why should you care about FTTP?
FTTP networks transmission speeds of up to 100 megabits per second downstream – and almost as much upstream.As of March 2007, 1.34 million U.S. homes have direct fiber optic connections. The number of fiber-to-the-premises subscribers has doubled over each of the last two years.
Broadband Access Technologies
Passive splitter
622 Mb/s down
BPON OLT
ATM
xDSL DSLAM
155Mb/s up
Copper – up to 18 000 feet
32 subs/PONFiber – up to 60 000 feet
Fiber
ATM
Passive splitter
2.4 Gbp/s down
GPON OLT1.2 Gbp/s up
32 subs/PONFiber – up to 60 000 feet
Fiber
Ethernet
Active RT
FTTC OLT Fiber
Copper – up to 500 feet
Active RT
OLT Fiber
Copper – up to 5000 feet
FTTN
~ 40 Mbps total
~ 25 Mbps total
100+ Mbps and Video
30+ Mbps and Video
~ 7 Mbps
FTTP Architecture
PON- Passive Optical Network
A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 32.
A PON consists of an Optical Line Termination (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) near end users.
PON Technologies
Current technology used is BPON (Broadband PON) Speed: 622 (Mbit/s) down/ 155 Mbit/s up
Next technology to be used is GPON (Gigabit PON) supports enhanced security, and choice of Layer 2 protocol (GEM, Ethernet). Speed: 2,488 (Mbit/s) down/ 1,244 Mbit/s up
Passive Optical Network (PON) Details – ITU G.983
OLT(Optical
LineTerminal)
ONT(Optical Network
Terminal)Upstream1310 nm
Video(/RF)
Data(AAL5)
POTS(AAL2)
Voice & Data Voice/Data & Video
OpticalSplitter
EDFA(Erbium DopedFiber Amplifier)
1x32
OpticalCouplers(WDM)
Video“Optical DSLAM”
“Optical Modem”
DownstreamUpstream
Voice and Data
@ 622 Mbps
Video
Digital TVAnalog TV HD/VOD
550 MHz 860 MHz42 MHz
Voice and Data@ 155 to 622
Mbps
Bandwidths & Services
Questions on FTTP?
Why should you care about VoIP?
VoIP Saves Big Money
You Can be the Mack Daddy/Mommy of Cool by setting up your own “skype like” phone system with your friends
History of the PSTN
The PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) is made up of switches.
1. Human Operator (1880 American Bell Founded) (Think Andy Griffith Show)
2. Automatic exchanges called steppers (early 1900’s)
3. Digital Switch which used Stored Program Control exchange (1971)
4. Soft switches- Software switches
Erna Schneider Hoover
Patented the first programmed switch at Bell Laboratories.Prioritized processes within stored program control switching systems.The patent on the system is one of the first software patents ever issued (1971) and the principles of the system are still in use today.
PSTN Basics
SS7 Signaling is the protocol used to communicate with the Class 5 Switch.A Class 5 Switch receives the call, looks up the number in the Local Exchange Routing Guide (LERG).The Class 5 Switch then sets up the voice “bearer” traffic circuit.TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) transports the voice voice “bearer” traffic over high speed connections called trunks.
Circuit Switching
Network resources are “static.”
When data needs to be sent, a circuit is established and used till the end of the transmission .
Packet Routing
The Internet brought new ways of routing data: TCP/IP.
Every router can send a packet which ever way it sees is best.
Routers use a dynamic routing table which is constantly updated with the status of network traffic.
Shift to Packet routing
VoIP is actually just voice data broken into IP packets and sent over the a network.
But it still needs to use the same concepts as the PSTN had:SignalingBearer
Media Routing vs Signal Routing
New Signaling Protocols
The ITU-T created h.323 in 1995
The IETF created SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) in 1996
Bearer or Voice Traffic Protocol
Both h.323 and SIP can work Real Time Protocol (RTP)
Packet Routing
SIP vs h.323
H.323 was designed with a good understanding of the requirements for multimedia communication over IP networks, including audio, video, and data conferencing. It defines an entire, unified system for performing these functions, leveraging the strengths of the IETF and ITU-T protocols.
SIP
SIP was designed to setup a "session" between two points and to be a modular, flexible component of the Internet architecture.It has a loose concept of a call (that being a "session" with media streams), has no support for multimedia conferencing, and the integration of sometimes disparate standards is largely left up to each vendor.
Simple SIP Network
Set up your own VoIP Network with Asterisk
Asterisk is a PBX (Private Branch Exchange)Manages the voice calls and the connectivity between different telephone networks and protocols (PSTN, VoIP, etc...) and giving the functionalities of a PBX like automatic answer, autoreply, menus, etc.Runs on Linux, MacOSX, OpenBSD, FreeBSDWorks with SIP or h.323 for signaling and RTP for bearer traffic
Asterisk Network
Asterisk Demo
Sources
Please see bettworld.com/ACM2007 for links to sources
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