FMD IN THE SUDAN Country Report...FMD in The Sudan • Endemic • the first record was in 1903 (Eisa and Rweyemamu, 1977) • Four FMD serotypes of the seven were reported in the

FMD IN THE SUDAN

Country Report

Dr. MOHAMMED HABIELA.

Central veterinary research Laboratoires

Foot and mouth disease Unit

Sudan

Sudan

Introduction

• Sudan is the biggest country in Africa and the second largest

country in Africa in livestock population. Total livestock is

estimated as for 2007 as follows:

• Cattle: 41,138,000

• Sheep: 50,651,000

• Goats 42,938,000

• Camels: 4,238,000

• Poultry: 40,624,000

• About 80% of 30 M inhabitants wildlife of all types are

associated with animals either directly or indirectly

FMDV Unit at CVRL Sudan:

• FMD Lab at CVRL belongs to the Ministry of Science and

Technology- Sudan.

• FMD Unit had established and began its tasks (FMD Diagnosis

and research) in the early eighties, but halted in early nineties.

• Recently, the Unit has been regenerated and started working by

2006.

• The new unit is supplied with FMD diagnostic and research

capabilities.

• The Unit is small , relatively, consists of rooms for serology(

LPBE& 3ABC-E), Cell culture, and for virus isolation and

identification (Ag ELISA) beside Kitchen and offices.

• The FDM Units’ manpower ( Researchers, Technicians and

Workers)

FMD in The Sudan

• Endemic

• the first record was in 1903 (Eisa and Rweyemamu, 1977)

• Four FMD serotypes of the seven were reported in the

country: O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 (Anon 1980; Abu Elzein,

1983).

• Serotype O was firstly isolated (Anon, 1938) then Serotype

SAT1 and Serotype A and lastly Serotype SAT2 (Abu Elzein,

1983).

Recent activities: Serosurveillance

Prevalence of FMDV serotypes in different animal species, Sudan-1987.

Prevalence of FMDV serotypes in different animal species, Sudan-2008.

Molecular Epidemiology:

• The First molecular study on FMD isolates from Sudan (1974-

2008) was carried out last Year, Habiela et al. (submitted):

• The study showed that serotype O was the most frequently

recovered FMDV serotype in the Sudanese samples

• Generally: Isolates of

• O: EA-3 topotype/ WA topotype

• A:G-IV genotype of the AFRICA topotype/G-VII

• SAT2:topotype XIII / topotype VII

• SAT1: No outbreaks since 1976

Reported and confirmed FMDV

events in 2008-2009

Sample ID (WRL code) Location, State SpeciesSample

typeCollection Date

Serotype (Ag-ELISA

SUD/1/2008 Gezira state Cattle EPI 4/2/08 SAT2

SUD/2/2008 Gezira state Cattle EPI 4/2/08 SAT2

SUD/3/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O

SUD/4/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O

SUD/5/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O

SUD/6/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O

SUD/8/2008 Gezira state Cattle EPI 9/5/08 O

Phylogeny of Serotype SAT2 Sudan 2008 :

Serotype O Sudan 2008 Phylogeny:

Current risk

• In Sudan, FMD outbreaks occur annually.

• All susceptible animals (livestock) in the country are in danger (

free animal movement/ No vaccination programs)

• hot spots ( most endemic regions within the country and of free

animal movement) need complete and constant attentions (

Monitoring/ Vaccination).

Challenges /constrains to control FMD in the

Sudan:

• A very big country (1,000,000 quarter mile plus 9

neighboring countries ).

• Favorable Veterinary Services (veterinarians Vs No. of

Livestock , monitoring of current /ongoing outbreaks)

• Financial support (FMD outbreaks, Researches,

Vaccination,….)

• Vaccination (costs, Local or imported?)/ Quarantine?

(Transhumance ,Conflicts / instability )

• FMD unit- CVRL (Lab?/ Diagnosis/ researches)

what type of support/action is

desired from the East African Network

in next 2 years?

• Contribution in FMD control ( regional and international, (GF-

TADs)

• Coactive efforts/ Networking ( Committee ( AU-IBAR, FAO,)

/early warning/ website/ continuous meetings ( annual/ every two

years )

• Sharing information on FMD research activities ( monthly/ yearly

report)

• conjoined researches/control programs ( vaccination, monitoring of

animal movements across the borders/ outbreaks near the borders)

• Funding (AU-IBAR, FAO, EU…)

Acknowledgement