Flora of North America North of Mexico Jay A. Raveill University of Central Missouri Jay A. Raveill University of Central Missouri.

Flora of North America North of Mexico

Flora of North America North of Mexico

Jay A. Raveill

University of Central Missouri

Jay A. Raveill

University of Central Missouri

‘Single Author’ period‘Single Author’ period

• John Torrey and Asa Gray– A Flora of North

America– 1838-1845– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– Not completed

• John Torrey and Asa Gray– A Flora of North

America– 1838-1845– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– Not completed

huh.harvard.edu

huh.harvard.edu

‘Single Author’ period‘Single Author’ period

• Asa Gray (1810-1888)– Synoptical Flora

of North America– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– 1878-1897 (Watson, Robinson)

– Not completed

• Asa Gray (1810-1888)– Synoptical Flora

of North America– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– 1878-1897 (Watson, Robinson)

– Not completed

Collaborative projects

Collaborative projects

• Nathaniel Lord Britton (NY)– North American Flora– Initiated 1905– Vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi,

algae– Planned 34 volumes– Sections published as available

• Nathaniel Lord Britton (NY)– North American Flora– Initiated 1905– Vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi,

algae– Planned 34 volumes– Sections published as available

1859-19341859-1934

www.canmorealberta.com

North American FloraNorth American Flora

• Ended in 1949

• Published 94 sections

• Parts of 24 volumes

• 3 volumes completed

• Ended in 1949

• Published 94 sections

• Parts of 24 volumes

• 3 volumes completed

North American FloraNorth American Flora

• Series 2

• Started 1954

• Treatments published as available

• Numbered as received

• Geographical area more flexible

• 13 parts

• Last in 1990

• Series 2

• Started 1954

• Treatments published as available

• Numbered as received

• Geographical area more flexible

• 13 parts

• Last in 1990

Flora North AmericaFlora North America

• 1965- American Society of Plant Taxonomists established committee

• Stanwyn Shetler (US)

• Computer use for data

• Project ended in 1973 due to lack of funding

• 1965- American Society of Plant Taxonomists established committee

• Stanwyn Shetler (US)

• Computer use for data

• Project ended in 1973 due to lack of funding

Flora of North America North of Mexico

Flora of North America North of Mexico

• Initial meeting 1982

• 22 botanists from Canada and USA

• Missouri Botanical Garden– Hunt Institute for Botanical

Documentation– Carnegie Museum

• Initial meeting 1982

• 22 botanists from Canada and USA

• Missouri Botanical Garden– Hunt Institute for Botanical

Documentation– Carnegie Museum

• Vascular Vascular plantsplants

• USA, Canada, USA, Canada, Greenland, Greenland, St. Pierre and St. Pierre and Miquelon Miquelon

Run by FNA Editorial CommitteeRun by FNA Editorial Committee

Original FNA Editorial CommitteeOriginal FNA Editorial Committee

• 1982-1987• Housed at Missouri Botanical Garden• Funded by participating institutions,

American Society of Plant Taxonomist, Canadian Botanical Association

• ‘Contributors Guide’ • Applied for grants

• 1982-1987• Housed at Missouri Botanical Garden• Funded by participating institutions,

American Society of Plant Taxonomist, Canadian Botanical Association

• ‘Contributors Guide’ • Applied for grants

• 1987 external funding

• Pew Charitable Trusts

• National Science Foundation

• 1987 external funding

• Pew Charitable Trusts

• National Science Foundation

• 1990 bryophytes added to project• 1990 bryophytes added to project

http://benscheele.comhttp://benscheele.com http://arctoa.ruhttp://arctoa.ru

• Publication!– 1993

• Volume 1 – Vegetation, classifications, etc.

• Volume 2 – Ferns and gymnosperms

• Publication!– 1993

• Volume 1 – Vegetation, classifications, etc.

• Volume 2 – Ferns and gymnosperms

Important Features Important Features• Descriptions

• Limited synonymy

• Keys for all recognized taxa

• Parallel descriptions

• Extensive bibliography

• Descriptions

• Limited synonymy

• Keys for all recognized taxa

• Parallel descriptions

• Extensive bibliography

• Distributional information• Distributional information

VolumesVolumes

• Originally planned for 12 volumes

• Now 30 volumes– 1 general essays,1 combined

bibliography– 3 bryophytes– 5 monocots– 20 dicots

• Cronquist system

• Originally planned for 12 volumes

• Now 30 volumes– 1 general essays,1 combined

bibliography– 3 bryophytes– 5 monocots– 20 dicots

• Cronquist system

• Databases– Additional morphology– Type specimens– Habitats– Precise location of collection sites– Populations– Communities

• Consumed most original funding

• Databases– Additional morphology– Type specimens– Habitats– Precise location of collection sites– Populations– Communities

• Consumed most original funding

• 1997 – Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae

• NSF funding ran out

• 1997 – Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae

• NSF funding ran out

• Missouri Botanical Garden continued housing

• Reorganization of structure (2003)

• Some evolution ongoing

• More efficient

• Many working in parallel

• Missouri Botanical Garden continued housing

• Reorganization of structure (2003)

• Some evolution ongoing

• More efficient

• Many working in parallel

• New funding

• Some from NSF

• Chanticleer Foundation

• Other private groups

• New funding

• Some from NSF

• Chanticleer Foundation

• Other private groups

Funding

• National Science Foundation, Chanticleer Foundation• The Pew Charitable Trusts, The Caleb C. and Julia W. Dula

Foundation, The Surdna Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, ARCO Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Union Pacific, Chevron, The Edward Chase Garvey Memorial Foundation, Waste Management, Inc., The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation

FNA organizationFNA organization

• Board of Directors – governing body

• Executive Committee – operations

• VP for Business and Development – fundraising

• Board of Directors – governing body

• Executive Committee – operations

• VP for Business and Development – fundraising

Volume ProductionVolume Production

Taxon EditorTaxon Editor

Taxon

Editor

Taxon

Editor

Tech EditorTech

EditorLead

EditorLead

Editor

Editorial DirectorEditorial Director

Managing EditorManaging Editor

ArtistArtist

Manuscript FlowManuscript Flow

OUPOUP

Lead Editorial CenterLead Editorial Center

MBGMBG

Bib. & Tax.

Editors

Bib. & Tax.

Editors

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. & Tax.

Editors

Authors Authors

• Experts when possible• Many assigned in 1990s; taxon/lead

editors reconfirm assignments and find replacements if needed for orphan genera– retirements– deaths

• Priorities often not the same as those of FNA; deadlines sometimes meaningless

• Uniformity necessary

• Experts when possible• Many assigned in 1990s; taxon/lead

editors reconfirm assignments and find replacements if needed for orphan genera– retirements– deaths

• Priorities often not the same as those of FNA; deadlines sometimes meaningless

• Uniformity necessary

Microgrant ProgramMicrogrant Program

• Formally established in 2004 • Grants facilitate writing of treatments –

not research grants• $100s-$1000s• May be used for travel, supplies, etc.

• Formally established in 2004 • Grants facilitate writing of treatments –

not research grants• $100s-$1000s• May be used for travel, supplies, etc.

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. Editor

Taxon Editors Taxon Editors

• Locate authors• Facilitate submissions• Receive manuscripts• Preliminary checks• Forwards to Technical Editor• Receives regional/taxonomic reviews

• Locate authors• Facilitate submissions• Receive manuscripts• Preliminary checks• Forwards to Technical Editor• Receives regional/taxonomic reviews

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. Editor

Technical Editor Technical Editor

• Formatting• Enforces rules

– Parallelism

• Paid• Sends manuscript to regional

Regional Coordinators and Nomenclatural Editor

• Formatting• Enforces rules

– Parallelism

• Paid• Sends manuscript to regional

Regional Coordinators and Nomenclatural Editor

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. Editor

Regional Review Regional Review

• 12 regions for regional reviews• Regional Coordinators distribute

manuscripts; compile review comments

• 80+ regional reviewers have opportunity to comment on draft treatments

• 12 regions for regional reviews• Regional Coordinators distribute

manuscripts; compile review comments

• 80+ regional reviewers have opportunity to comment on draft treatments

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. Editor

Artists Artists

• Ca. 10 artists employed by project; all artwork original

• 1 in 6 species illustrated; 1 representative of each genus

• 35 – 40% of project funding for art• Art extremely popular; many reuse

requests from organizations• Artist/author communication improving

• Ca. 10 artists employed by project; all artwork original

• 1 in 6 species illustrated; 1 representative of each genus

• 35 – 40% of project funding for art• Art extremely popular; many reuse

requests from organizations• Artist/author communication improving

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. Editor

Editorial CentersEditorial Centers

• Centers coordinate production of 1 volume at a time (except MBG)

• Core personnel: 1 lead editor, 1 technical editor, and support staff

• Volume production ca. 2.5 years• Lead editors orchestrate production with

input from MBG • Number of taxon editors assigned to each

volume varies according to families in volume

• Centers coordinate production of 1 volume at a time (except MBG)

• Core personnel: 1 lead editor, 1 technical editor, and support staff

• Volume production ca. 2.5 years• Lead editors orchestrate production with

input from MBG • Number of taxon editors assigned to each

volume varies according to families in volume

FNAA Editorial CentersFNAA Editorial Centers

• Mulitple editorial centers– Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation

(CM)– University of Kansas (KANU)– Missouri Botanical Garden (MO)– Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophyte Center– Université de Montréal (MT)– California Academy of Sciences (CAS)– Illinois Natural History Survey (ILLS)

• Mulitple editorial centers– Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation

(CM)– University of Kansas (KANU)– Missouri Botanical Garden (MO)– Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophyte Center– Université de Montréal (MT)– California Academy of Sciences (CAS)– Illinois Natural History Survey (ILLS)

Volume Production

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Author

Taxon Editor

Taxon Editor

Tech Editor

Lead Editor

Editorial Director

Managing Editor

Artist

Manuscript Flow

OUP

Regional Coordinator

Regional Reviewer

Lead Editorial Center

MBG

Taxon Reviewer

Bib. Editor

Final ProductionFinal Production

• Missouri Botanical Garden– Paid people– Maps– Incorporate art plates– Indexing– Formatting– Send to Oxford University Press for

printing

• Missouri Botanical Garden– Paid people– Maps– Incorporate art plates– Indexing– Formatting– Send to Oxford University Press for

printing

Production Schedule

Volume 8Volume 8 20052005         20062006       2007 2007    

20 families / 129 genera /20 families / 129 genera /765 species765 species J-MJ-M A-JA-J J-SJ-S O-DO-D J-MJ-M A-JA-J J-SJ-S O-DO-D J-MJ-M A-JA-J J-SJ-S

Status Check MeetingsStatus Check Meetings      **   **      **   ** **  

Manuscript PreparationManuscript Preparation              

Submission Benchmarks (%)Submission Benchmarks (%)   2020 2020 3030 5050 8080 100100

Taxon & Tech Edits/ReviewsTaxon & Tech Edits/Reviews           

ArtArt                  

Indexing and StylesIndexing and Styles              

Map ProductionMap Production                  

Author & Final Reviews Author & Final Reviews         

Composition (23 start points)Composition (23 start points)                 

Published VolumesPublished Volumes

YearYear Topic/Taxa Topic/Taxa

19931993 1 – Introduction; 2 – Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms1 – Introduction; 2 – Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms

19971997 3 – Magnoliidae & Hamamelidae3 – Magnoliidae & Hamamelidae

20002000 22 – Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) & 22 – Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) & ZingiberidaeZingiberidae

20022002 23 – Commelinidae (in part), Cyperaceae; 26 – Liliidae23 – Commelinidae (in part), Cyperaceae; 26 – Liliidae

20032003 4 – Caryophyllidae I; 25 – Commelinidae, Poaceae II4 – Caryophyllidae I; 25 – Commelinidae, Poaceae II

20052005 5 – Caryophyllidae II 5 – Caryophyllidae II

20062006 19, 20, 21 – Asteraceae I, II & III19, 20, 21 – Asteraceae I, II & III

20072007 24 – Commelinidae, Poaceae I; 27 – Bryophytes I 24 – Commelinidae, Poaceae I; 27 – Bryophytes I

• 2006 some Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II changes incorporated

• 2006 some Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II changes incorporated

Published Volumes

YearYear Topic/Taxa Topic/Taxa

20092009 8 – 19 families, e.g. Ericaceae, 8 – 19 families, e.g. Ericaceae, Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae

20092009 7 – 11 families, e.g. Brassicaceae and 7 – 11 families, e.g. Brassicaceae and SalicaceaeSalicaceae

Ca. 850 people have contributed to first 16 volumesCa. 850 people have contributed to first 16 volumes

StatisticsVol. Spp. number Pages Year

1 na 372 1993

2 557 475 1993

3 741 590 1997

4 652 559 2003

5 739 655 2005

7 682 797 2009

8 923 608 2009

19-20-21 2413 1861 2006

22 423 352 2000

23 843 608 2002

24-25 1373 1694 2003, 2007

26 908 723 2002

27 704 713 2007

Total FNA 10958 10007

• Available on-line– www.fna.org– www.efloras.org

Next Volumes

In production

Year Vol. Taxon Center Gen %

2010 9 Rosaceae Can. 75 100

2010 6 Malvales/Cucurbitales

Hunt 97 91+

2010 10-11 Fabales/Myrtales

MO 207 67

2010 28 Bryophytes 2

MO-Bryo

208 84+

Centers

Vol. Center Year Gen. %

12 Illinois 2012 115 71

13 Canada 2011 152 6

14 Hunt 2012 98 13

15 MO 2010+ 73 4

16 MO? 2011 99 31

17 Kansas 2011 93 13

18 Calif. Acad. 2012 128 2

29 B-MO 2011 121 17

30 Hunt & MO 2012 NA

After 2013After 2013

• Live approach to eFNA

• IT committee considering mechanisms for updating and maintaining Flora into the future

– revisions– recircumscriptions– atlas component– better access to content– interactive tools

• Live approach to eFNA

• IT committee considering mechanisms for updating and maintaining Flora into the future

– revisions– recircumscriptions– atlas component– better access to content– interactive tools

Volumes 10 & 11

Volumes 10 & 11

• 13 families

• Fabaceae

• Onagraceae

• Lythraceae

• Polygalaceae

• 13 families

• Fabaceae

• Onagraceae

• Lythraceae

• Polygalaceae

www.sbs.utexas.eduwww.sbs.utexas.edu

missouriplants.commissouriplants.com

FabaceaeFabaceae

• Taxon editors– Michael Vincent,

Miami (Ohio) University

– Jay Raveill, University of Central Missouri

• Taxon editors– Michael Vincent,

Miami (Ohio) University

– Jay Raveill, University of Central Missouri

www.types-of-flowers.orgwww.types-of-flowers.org

FabaceaeFabaceae

• Received (end of May)– 64% of genera– 78% of species

• Extensive editing and reviews still to do

• Large genera a challenge to keep descriptions parallel

• Received (end of May)– 64% of genera– 78% of species

• Extensive editing and reviews still to do

• Large genera a challenge to keep descriptions parallel

FabaceaeFabaceae

• Order and circumscription of genera following Legumes of the World (mostly)– 28 tribes– 149 genera– 1443 species– 60+ author

• Order and circumscription of genera following Legumes of the World (mostly)– 28 tribes– 149 genera– 1443 species– 60+ author

www.kew.orgwww.kew.org

FabaceaeFabaceae

• Caesalpinoides• 18 genera• 96 species

• Caesalpinoides• 18 genera• 96 species

Cercis canadense www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages

Cercis canadense www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages

FabaceaeFabaceae

• MimosoidesMimosoides• 22 genera22 genera• 108 species108 species

Desmanthusillinoensis

www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages

FabaceaeFabaceae

• Papilionoids• 109 genera• 1249 species

• Papilionoids• 109 genera• 1249 species

duke.eduduke.edu

Astragalus• 354 species354 species• Loco weeds, milkvetchLoco weeds, milkvetch

Missouriplants.com conps.com

blog.ltc.arizona.edu

calphotos.berkeley.edu

www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages

uvalde.tamu.eduwww.wnps.org

lh5.ggpht.com

www.fs.fed.us

tchester.org

www.maltawildplants.com

LupinusLupinus

• 154 species154 species

www.statesymbolsusa.org

www.naturehills.com

TrifoliumTrifolium

• CloverClover

• 95 species95 species

www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages

DaleaDalea

• 58 species58 species

missouriplants.org

DesmodiumDesmodium

• 46 species46 species

missouriplants.org

LathyrusLathyrus

41 species41 species