Flora of North America North of Mexico Jay A. Raveill University of Central Missouri
Dec 27, 2015
Flora of North America North of Mexico
Flora of North America North of Mexico
Jay A. Raveill
University of Central Missouri
Jay A. Raveill
University of Central Missouri
‘Single Author’ period‘Single Author’ period
• John Torrey and Asa Gray– A Flora of North
America– 1838-1845– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– Not completed
• John Torrey and Asa Gray– A Flora of North
America– 1838-1845– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– Not completed
huh.harvard.edu
huh.harvard.edu
‘Single Author’ period‘Single Author’ period
• Asa Gray (1810-1888)– Synoptical Flora
of North America– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– 1878-1897 (Watson, Robinson)
– Not completed
• Asa Gray (1810-1888)– Synoptical Flora
of North America– Vascular plants– 2 volumes– 1878-1897 (Watson, Robinson)
– Not completed
Collaborative projects
Collaborative projects
• Nathaniel Lord Britton (NY)– North American Flora– Initiated 1905– Vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi,
algae– Planned 34 volumes– Sections published as available
• Nathaniel Lord Britton (NY)– North American Flora– Initiated 1905– Vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi,
algae– Planned 34 volumes– Sections published as available
1859-19341859-1934
www.canmorealberta.com
North American FloraNorth American Flora
• Ended in 1949
• Published 94 sections
• Parts of 24 volumes
• 3 volumes completed
• Ended in 1949
• Published 94 sections
• Parts of 24 volumes
• 3 volumes completed
North American FloraNorth American Flora
• Series 2
• Started 1954
• Treatments published as available
• Numbered as received
• Geographical area more flexible
• 13 parts
• Last in 1990
• Series 2
• Started 1954
• Treatments published as available
• Numbered as received
• Geographical area more flexible
• 13 parts
• Last in 1990
Flora North AmericaFlora North America
• 1965- American Society of Plant Taxonomists established committee
• Stanwyn Shetler (US)
• Computer use for data
• Project ended in 1973 due to lack of funding
• 1965- American Society of Plant Taxonomists established committee
• Stanwyn Shetler (US)
• Computer use for data
• Project ended in 1973 due to lack of funding
Flora of North America North of Mexico
Flora of North America North of Mexico
• Initial meeting 1982
• 22 botanists from Canada and USA
• Missouri Botanical Garden– Hunt Institute for Botanical
Documentation– Carnegie Museum
• Initial meeting 1982
• 22 botanists from Canada and USA
• Missouri Botanical Garden– Hunt Institute for Botanical
Documentation– Carnegie Museum
• Vascular Vascular plantsplants
• USA, Canada, USA, Canada, Greenland, Greenland, St. Pierre and St. Pierre and Miquelon Miquelon
Run by FNA Editorial CommitteeRun by FNA Editorial Committee
Original FNA Editorial CommitteeOriginal FNA Editorial Committee
• 1982-1987• Housed at Missouri Botanical Garden• Funded by participating institutions,
American Society of Plant Taxonomist, Canadian Botanical Association
• ‘Contributors Guide’ • Applied for grants
• 1982-1987• Housed at Missouri Botanical Garden• Funded by participating institutions,
American Society of Plant Taxonomist, Canadian Botanical Association
• ‘Contributors Guide’ • Applied for grants
• 1987 external funding
• Pew Charitable Trusts
• National Science Foundation
• 1987 external funding
• Pew Charitable Trusts
• National Science Foundation
• 1990 bryophytes added to project• 1990 bryophytes added to project
http://benscheele.comhttp://benscheele.com http://arctoa.ruhttp://arctoa.ru
• Publication!– 1993
• Volume 1 – Vegetation, classifications, etc.
• Volume 2 – Ferns and gymnosperms
• Publication!– 1993
• Volume 1 – Vegetation, classifications, etc.
• Volume 2 – Ferns and gymnosperms
Important Features Important Features• Descriptions
• Limited synonymy
• Keys for all recognized taxa
• Parallel descriptions
• Extensive bibliography
• Descriptions
• Limited synonymy
• Keys for all recognized taxa
• Parallel descriptions
• Extensive bibliography
• Distributional information• Distributional information
VolumesVolumes
• Originally planned for 12 volumes
• Now 30 volumes– 1 general essays,1 combined
bibliography– 3 bryophytes– 5 monocots– 20 dicots
• Cronquist system
• Originally planned for 12 volumes
• Now 30 volumes– 1 general essays,1 combined
bibliography– 3 bryophytes– 5 monocots– 20 dicots
• Cronquist system
• Databases– Additional morphology– Type specimens– Habitats– Precise location of collection sites– Populations– Communities
• Consumed most original funding
• Databases– Additional morphology– Type specimens– Habitats– Precise location of collection sites– Populations– Communities
• Consumed most original funding
• 1997 – Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae
• NSF funding ran out
• 1997 – Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae
• NSF funding ran out
• Missouri Botanical Garden continued housing
• Reorganization of structure (2003)
• Some evolution ongoing
• More efficient
• Many working in parallel
• Missouri Botanical Garden continued housing
• Reorganization of structure (2003)
• Some evolution ongoing
• More efficient
• Many working in parallel
• New funding
• Some from NSF
• Chanticleer Foundation
• Other private groups
• New funding
• Some from NSF
• Chanticleer Foundation
• Other private groups
Funding
• National Science Foundation, Chanticleer Foundation• The Pew Charitable Trusts, The Caleb C. and Julia W. Dula
Foundation, The Surdna Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, ARCO Foundation, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Union Pacific, Chevron, The Edward Chase Garvey Memorial Foundation, Waste Management, Inc., The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, The Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
FNA organizationFNA organization
• Board of Directors – governing body
• Executive Committee – operations
• VP for Business and Development – fundraising
• Board of Directors – governing body
• Executive Committee – operations
• VP for Business and Development – fundraising
Volume ProductionVolume Production
Taxon EditorTaxon Editor
Taxon
Editor
Taxon
Editor
Tech EditorTech
EditorLead
EditorLead
Editor
Editorial DirectorEditorial Director
Managing EditorManaging Editor
ArtistArtist
Manuscript FlowManuscript Flow
OUPOUP
Lead Editorial CenterLead Editorial Center
MBGMBG
Bib. & Tax.
Editors
Bib. & Tax.
Editors
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. & Tax.
Editors
Authors Authors
• Experts when possible• Many assigned in 1990s; taxon/lead
editors reconfirm assignments and find replacements if needed for orphan genera– retirements– deaths
• Priorities often not the same as those of FNA; deadlines sometimes meaningless
• Uniformity necessary
• Experts when possible• Many assigned in 1990s; taxon/lead
editors reconfirm assignments and find replacements if needed for orphan genera– retirements– deaths
• Priorities often not the same as those of FNA; deadlines sometimes meaningless
• Uniformity necessary
Microgrant ProgramMicrogrant Program
• Formally established in 2004 • Grants facilitate writing of treatments –
not research grants• $100s-$1000s• May be used for travel, supplies, etc.
• Formally established in 2004 • Grants facilitate writing of treatments –
not research grants• $100s-$1000s• May be used for travel, supplies, etc.
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. Editor
Taxon Editors Taxon Editors
• Locate authors• Facilitate submissions• Receive manuscripts• Preliminary checks• Forwards to Technical Editor• Receives regional/taxonomic reviews
• Locate authors• Facilitate submissions• Receive manuscripts• Preliminary checks• Forwards to Technical Editor• Receives regional/taxonomic reviews
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. Editor
Technical Editor Technical Editor
• Formatting• Enforces rules
– Parallelism
• Paid• Sends manuscript to regional
Regional Coordinators and Nomenclatural Editor
• Formatting• Enforces rules
– Parallelism
• Paid• Sends manuscript to regional
Regional Coordinators and Nomenclatural Editor
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. Editor
Regional Review Regional Review
• 12 regions for regional reviews• Regional Coordinators distribute
manuscripts; compile review comments
• 80+ regional reviewers have opportunity to comment on draft treatments
• 12 regions for regional reviews• Regional Coordinators distribute
manuscripts; compile review comments
• 80+ regional reviewers have opportunity to comment on draft treatments
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. Editor
Artists Artists
• Ca. 10 artists employed by project; all artwork original
• 1 in 6 species illustrated; 1 representative of each genus
• 35 – 40% of project funding for art• Art extremely popular; many reuse
requests from organizations• Artist/author communication improving
• Ca. 10 artists employed by project; all artwork original
• 1 in 6 species illustrated; 1 representative of each genus
• 35 – 40% of project funding for art• Art extremely popular; many reuse
requests from organizations• Artist/author communication improving
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. Editor
Editorial CentersEditorial Centers
• Centers coordinate production of 1 volume at a time (except MBG)
• Core personnel: 1 lead editor, 1 technical editor, and support staff
• Volume production ca. 2.5 years• Lead editors orchestrate production with
input from MBG • Number of taxon editors assigned to each
volume varies according to families in volume
• Centers coordinate production of 1 volume at a time (except MBG)
• Core personnel: 1 lead editor, 1 technical editor, and support staff
• Volume production ca. 2.5 years• Lead editors orchestrate production with
input from MBG • Number of taxon editors assigned to each
volume varies according to families in volume
FNAA Editorial CentersFNAA Editorial Centers
• Mulitple editorial centers– Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation
(CM)– University of Kansas (KANU)– Missouri Botanical Garden (MO)– Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophyte Center– Université de Montréal (MT)– California Academy of Sciences (CAS)– Illinois Natural History Survey (ILLS)
• Mulitple editorial centers– Hunt Institute of Botanical Documentation
(CM)– University of Kansas (KANU)– Missouri Botanical Garden (MO)– Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophyte Center– Université de Montréal (MT)– California Academy of Sciences (CAS)– Illinois Natural History Survey (ILLS)
Volume Production
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Author
Taxon Editor
Taxon Editor
Tech Editor
Lead Editor
Editorial Director
Managing Editor
Artist
Manuscript Flow
OUP
Regional Coordinator
Regional Reviewer
Lead Editorial Center
MBG
Taxon Reviewer
Bib. Editor
Final ProductionFinal Production
• Missouri Botanical Garden– Paid people– Maps– Incorporate art plates– Indexing– Formatting– Send to Oxford University Press for
printing
• Missouri Botanical Garden– Paid people– Maps– Incorporate art plates– Indexing– Formatting– Send to Oxford University Press for
printing
Production Schedule
Volume 8Volume 8 20052005 20062006 2007 2007
20 families / 129 genera /20 families / 129 genera /765 species765 species J-MJ-M A-JA-J J-SJ-S O-DO-D J-MJ-M A-JA-J J-SJ-S O-DO-D J-MJ-M A-JA-J J-SJ-S
Status Check MeetingsStatus Check Meetings ** ** ** ** **
Manuscript PreparationManuscript Preparation
Submission Benchmarks (%)Submission Benchmarks (%) 2020 2020 3030 5050 8080 100100
Taxon & Tech Edits/ReviewsTaxon & Tech Edits/Reviews
ArtArt
Indexing and StylesIndexing and Styles
Map ProductionMap Production
Author & Final Reviews Author & Final Reviews
Composition (23 start points)Composition (23 start points)
Published VolumesPublished Volumes
YearYear Topic/Taxa Topic/Taxa
19931993 1 – Introduction; 2 – Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms1 – Introduction; 2 – Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms
19971997 3 – Magnoliidae & Hamamelidae3 – Magnoliidae & Hamamelidae
20002000 22 – Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) & 22 – Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part) & ZingiberidaeZingiberidae
20022002 23 – Commelinidae (in part), Cyperaceae; 26 – Liliidae23 – Commelinidae (in part), Cyperaceae; 26 – Liliidae
20032003 4 – Caryophyllidae I; 25 – Commelinidae, Poaceae II4 – Caryophyllidae I; 25 – Commelinidae, Poaceae II
20052005 5 – Caryophyllidae II 5 – Caryophyllidae II
20062006 19, 20, 21 – Asteraceae I, II & III19, 20, 21 – Asteraceae I, II & III
20072007 24 – Commelinidae, Poaceae I; 27 – Bryophytes I 24 – Commelinidae, Poaceae I; 27 – Bryophytes I
• 2006 some Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II changes incorporated
• 2006 some Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II changes incorporated
Published Volumes
YearYear Topic/Taxa Topic/Taxa
20092009 8 – 19 families, e.g. Ericaceae, 8 – 19 families, e.g. Ericaceae, Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae
20092009 7 – 11 families, e.g. Brassicaceae and 7 – 11 families, e.g. Brassicaceae and SalicaceaeSalicaceae
Ca. 850 people have contributed to first 16 volumesCa. 850 people have contributed to first 16 volumes
StatisticsVol. Spp. number Pages Year
1 na 372 1993
2 557 475 1993
3 741 590 1997
4 652 559 2003
5 739 655 2005
7 682 797 2009
8 923 608 2009
19-20-21 2413 1861 2006
22 423 352 2000
23 843 608 2002
24-25 1373 1694 2003, 2007
26 908 723 2002
27 704 713 2007
Total FNA 10958 10007
• Available on-line– www.fna.org– www.efloras.org
Next Volumes
In production
Year Vol. Taxon Center Gen %
2010 9 Rosaceae Can. 75 100
2010 6 Malvales/Cucurbitales
Hunt 97 91+
2010 10-11 Fabales/Myrtales
MO 207 67
2010 28 Bryophytes 2
MO-Bryo
208 84+
Centers
Vol. Center Year Gen. %
12 Illinois 2012 115 71
13 Canada 2011 152 6
14 Hunt 2012 98 13
15 MO 2010+ 73 4
16 MO? 2011 99 31
17 Kansas 2011 93 13
18 Calif. Acad. 2012 128 2
29 B-MO 2011 121 17
30 Hunt & MO 2012 NA
After 2013After 2013
• Live approach to eFNA
• IT committee considering mechanisms for updating and maintaining Flora into the future
– revisions– recircumscriptions– atlas component– better access to content– interactive tools
• Live approach to eFNA
• IT committee considering mechanisms for updating and maintaining Flora into the future
– revisions– recircumscriptions– atlas component– better access to content– interactive tools
Volumes 10 & 11
Volumes 10 & 11
• 13 families
• Fabaceae
• Onagraceae
• Lythraceae
• Polygalaceae
• 13 families
• Fabaceae
• Onagraceae
• Lythraceae
• Polygalaceae
www.sbs.utexas.eduwww.sbs.utexas.edu
missouriplants.commissouriplants.com
FabaceaeFabaceae
• Taxon editors– Michael Vincent,
Miami (Ohio) University
– Jay Raveill, University of Central Missouri
• Taxon editors– Michael Vincent,
Miami (Ohio) University
– Jay Raveill, University of Central Missouri
www.types-of-flowers.orgwww.types-of-flowers.org
FabaceaeFabaceae
• Received (end of May)– 64% of genera– 78% of species
• Extensive editing and reviews still to do
• Large genera a challenge to keep descriptions parallel
• Received (end of May)– 64% of genera– 78% of species
• Extensive editing and reviews still to do
• Large genera a challenge to keep descriptions parallel
FabaceaeFabaceae
• Order and circumscription of genera following Legumes of the World (mostly)– 28 tribes– 149 genera– 1443 species– 60+ author
• Order and circumscription of genera following Legumes of the World (mostly)– 28 tribes– 149 genera– 1443 species– 60+ author
www.kew.orgwww.kew.org
FabaceaeFabaceae
• Caesalpinoides• 18 genera• 96 species
• Caesalpinoides• 18 genera• 96 species
Cercis canadense www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages
Cercis canadense www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages
FabaceaeFabaceae
• MimosoidesMimosoides• 22 genera22 genera• 108 species108 species
Desmanthusillinoensis
www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages
FabaceaeFabaceae
• Papilionoids• 109 genera• 1249 species
• Papilionoids• 109 genera• 1249 species
duke.eduduke.edu
Astragalus• 354 species354 species• Loco weeds, milkvetchLoco weeds, milkvetch
Missouriplants.com conps.com
blog.ltc.arizona.edu
calphotos.berkeley.edu
www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages
uvalde.tamu.eduwww.wnps.org
lh5.ggpht.com
www.fs.fed.us
tchester.org
www.maltawildplants.com
LupinusLupinus
• 154 species154 species
www.statesymbolsusa.org
www.naturehills.com
TrifoliumTrifolium
• CloverClover
• 95 species95 species
www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages
DaleaDalea
• 58 species58 species
missouriplants.org
DesmodiumDesmodium
• 46 species46 species
missouriplants.org
LathyrusLathyrus
41 species41 species