First Aid Course 2006 Siw Sandell First Aid Instructor First Aid Course Patricia ruotsalainen First Aid Instructor 2011.

First Aid Course2006

Siw SandellFirst Aid Instructor

First Aid Course

Patricia ruotsalainenFirst Aid Instructor

2011

Course Outline

• Introduction • Test your First Aid

knowledge and skills

• Principals of First Aid

• Basic Human Anatomy (Bonus)

• Assess the situation• Call for help

• Unconscious victim• Airway obstruction• CPR• Shock• Bleeding &

infections• Fractures & soft

tissue injuries• Medical

emergencies

Course Outline (2)

• Assess and observe

• Initial observation of the whole scene

• Stay calm

Aim:To provide you with basic skills and knowledge in order to recognize and provide First Aid for circulatory and respiratory emergencies (CPR) and to recognize a range of common illnesses and injuries.

Learning outcome:Demonstrate• knowledge of the principals of first aid• knowledge of basic human anatomy• ability in the examination of a victim• competence in the provision of CPR• knowledge of identifying a range of common illnesses and injuries• First aid management for a range of common illnesses and injuries

Principals and priorities of First Aid

• To preserve life ____________________________

____________________________

• To prevent the injury or condition worsening ______________________________________________

___________________________________________`___

• To promote recovery________________________________________________________

Stay calm

Assess the situationSafety of First Aider

Safety of other peopleSafety of victim

Airway – Breathing Circulation

Use of bystanders to maintain SafetyDo No Harm

What has happened?

The Vital Link

Early access Early Defibrillation

Early CPR Early ACLS

Calling for help! 112

1. What has happened?

2. Where?

3. How Many?

4. Answer questions.

5. Do not hang up! Wait for the operator to tell you when to hang up.

6. Guide the helpers to the right place.

Check the victim for response

Not responding – Call 112

andOpen Airway

Check for normal breathing•Look for chest movement.•Listen to the victim‘s mouth for breath sounds.•Feel for air on your cheek.

Unconscious victim …if breathingplace in Recovery position

Recovery position

Tongue

Obstructed Airway

Unconscious victim

drug or alcohol abuse

Foreign object

like food, ice, toys, dentures, broken teeth, vomits…

Tissue damage

accident related, poisons, fights…

Obstructed airway continues…

Swelling

Respiratory infections, allergic reaction

Paralyzed airway

brain damage, damage to spinal cord,

poisoning…

Heart diseases

may collect liquid in the lungs

Obstructed Airway

Deliver 5 back slaps x 2 between the shoulder blades

Tell the victim to cough

Heimlich maneuverIf still not breathing – give abdominal thrusts

5- 6 times

First Aid for choking

1. Tell the victim to cough!

2. Deliver 5 back slaps

3. If not breathing 5 back slaps

4. If not breathing Heimlich maneuver

(abdominal thrusts) 5 – 6 times

5. Finger sweep and check breathing

6. If not breathing repeat abdominal thrusts If unconscious call for help repeat

steps 1 to 6 x 3 No CPR

Disorders of the Heart

Angina PectorisNarrowed coronary arteries

Heart AttackObstructed (clot) coronary arteries

Cardiac ArrestSudden stoppage of the heart (blood loss, suffocation, electric shock, anaphylactic shock, drug overdose, hypothermia…)

Ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) Heart fibrillates – no regular beat

Angina pectoris

Reduced blood supply to the

heart during times of stress.

Produces pain in the chest similar to that of heart attack

Watch CPR DVD

Adult Life Support

ADULT CARDIO – PULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR

30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS : 2 BREATHS

Child Life Support

CHILD CARDIO – PULMONARY RESUSCITATION – CPRunder 8 years old

Start with 5 breaths and then continue with

30 chest compressions : 2 breaths

”Every minute counts”

Clinical death: Heart stops

Biological death:Brain death

Chances of recovery

CPR must be commmenced

immidiately! The time from stoppage of the heart to

permanent death of brain tissue is aprox.

4 minutes. The avarage response time by an ambulance is

7 - 8 minutes (whole country 15-20 minutes). Someone is needed to sustain life

until the ambulance arrives!

Practice CPR

Arterieal-Venous-Capillary Bleeding

Blood volumes

Patient Total Blood

Volume

Lethal Blood loss if not replaced (rapid)

Adult male 5 – 6.6 liters 2 liters

Adolescent 3.3 – 4.5 liters 1.3 liters

Child 1.5 – 2 liters 0.5 – 0.7 liters

Infant 300+ milliliters 30–50 milliliters

First Aid for bleeding

1. Elevate above heart level

Blood flow subsides

2. Lie down the victim Prevents shock

3. Calm down Less oxygen

4. Apply pressure dressing

5. Apply indirect pressure

Not more than 10 minutes

Nosebleed

Practice pressure bandage!

What is shock?

Shock happens when…

There is a problem with your:Pump: You need to have a functioning

heart to pump blood around

Pipes: You need functioning vessels to carry the blood.

Plasma: You need adequate blood in the system. If there is a loss, there will not be adequate volume circulating.

Signs of shock

Signs Reason

Alerted mental status:•Anxiety•Restlessness•Combativeness

Brain not receiving enough oxygen

Skin:•Pale•Cold•Clammy

Body tries to correct problem by diverting blood from non-vital to vital organs (from skin to heart…)

Signs of shock continues…

Nausea and vomiting

Blood diverted from digestive system

Changes in vital signs

As body tries to pump more blood Rapid pulse (>120 = serious)

Respiration rapid (>24 =

serious)

Other signs:

Thirst, dilated pupils, sometimes cyanosis

Treatment of shock

1. Treat any cause of shock you identify.

2. Stay calm and reassure the victim

3. Lay down the victim and slightly elevate his legs.

4. Maintain normal body temperature

5. Give nothing to drink

6. Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response.

Shock continues…

Anaphylactic shock

Is a massive allergic reaction by the body’s

immune system.

Fainting

Is a self-correcting form of shock resulting from temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.

Musculoskeletal injuries

Fractures any break in a bone

Dislocation when one end of a bone making up a joint is

pulled or pushed out of place

Sprain when a ligament is torn (ankle, knee, finger…)

Strain stretching of a muscle or tendon or mild tearing

of muscle (neck, lower back…)

R I C E

R Rest the injured part

I Apply Ice

C Compress the injury

E Elevate the injured part

Medical emergencies

Do you know First Aid for

Asthma ?

Diabetes ?

Seizures ?

Priorities of Emergency CareHighest priority for Injuries:

Airway obstructionSevere breathing difficultyBurns involving the respiratory tractCardiac arrestSevere bleedingShockSpinal InjurySevere head injuryOpen chest injuriesOpen abdominal wounds

Priorities for Emergency Care

Highest priority for Medical Problems:

Heart attackStrokeHeat strokePoisoningChildbirthDiabetic emergencies

Bonus points

Read through the “Human anatomy handout and answer study questions.

You have until next week Monday to come to my office and show me your answers.

Thank you !