First Aid Course 2006 Siw Sandell First Aid Instructor First Aid Course Patricia ruotsalainen First Aid Instructor 2011
Mar 30, 2015
First Aid Course2006
Siw SandellFirst Aid Instructor
First Aid Course
Patricia ruotsalainenFirst Aid Instructor
2011
Course Outline
• Introduction • Test your First Aid
knowledge and skills
• Principals of First Aid
• Basic Human Anatomy (Bonus)
• Assess the situation• Call for help
• Unconscious victim• Airway obstruction• CPR• Shock• Bleeding &
infections• Fractures & soft
tissue injuries• Medical
emergencies
Course Outline (2)
• Assess and observe
• Initial observation of the whole scene
• Stay calm
Aim:To provide you with basic skills and knowledge in order to recognize and provide First Aid for circulatory and respiratory emergencies (CPR) and to recognize a range of common illnesses and injuries.
Learning outcome:Demonstrate• knowledge of the principals of first aid• knowledge of basic human anatomy• ability in the examination of a victim• competence in the provision of CPR• knowledge of identifying a range of common illnesses and injuries• First aid management for a range of common illnesses and injuries
Principals and priorities of First Aid
• To preserve life ____________________________
____________________________
• To prevent the injury or condition worsening ______________________________________________
___________________________________________`___
• To promote recovery________________________________________________________
Stay calm
Assess the situationSafety of First Aider
Safety of other peopleSafety of victim
Airway – Breathing Circulation
Use of bystanders to maintain SafetyDo No Harm
What has happened?
The Vital Link
Early access Early Defibrillation
Early CPR Early ACLS
Calling for help! 112
1. What has happened?
2. Where?
3. How Many?
4. Answer questions.
5. Do not hang up! Wait for the operator to tell you when to hang up.
6. Guide the helpers to the right place.
Check the victim for response
Not responding – Call 112
andOpen Airway
Check for normal breathing•Look for chest movement.•Listen to the victim‘s mouth for breath sounds.•Feel for air on your cheek.
Unconscious victim …if breathingplace in Recovery position
Recovery position
Tongue
Obstructed Airway
Unconscious victim
drug or alcohol abuse
Foreign object
like food, ice, toys, dentures, broken teeth, vomits…
Tissue damage
accident related, poisons, fights…
Obstructed airway continues…
Swelling
Respiratory infections, allergic reaction
Paralyzed airway
brain damage, damage to spinal cord,
poisoning…
Heart diseases
may collect liquid in the lungs
Obstructed Airway
Deliver 5 back slaps x 2 between the shoulder blades
Tell the victim to cough
Heimlich maneuverIf still not breathing – give abdominal thrusts
5- 6 times
First Aid for choking
1. Tell the victim to cough!
2. Deliver 5 back slaps
3. If not breathing 5 back slaps
4. If not breathing Heimlich maneuver
(abdominal thrusts) 5 – 6 times
5. Finger sweep and check breathing
6. If not breathing repeat abdominal thrusts If unconscious call for help repeat
steps 1 to 6 x 3 No CPR
Disorders of the Heart
Angina PectorisNarrowed coronary arteries
Heart AttackObstructed (clot) coronary arteries
Cardiac ArrestSudden stoppage of the heart (blood loss, suffocation, electric shock, anaphylactic shock, drug overdose, hypothermia…)
Ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) Heart fibrillates – no regular beat
Angina pectoris
Reduced blood supply to the
heart during times of stress.
Produces pain in the chest similar to that of heart attack
Watch CPR DVD
Adult Life Support
ADULT CARDIO – PULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS : 2 BREATHS
Child Life Support
CHILD CARDIO – PULMONARY RESUSCITATION – CPRunder 8 years old
Start with 5 breaths and then continue with
30 chest compressions : 2 breaths
”Every minute counts”
Clinical death: Heart stops
Biological death:Brain death
Chances of recovery
CPR must be commmenced
immidiately! The time from stoppage of the heart to
permanent death of brain tissue is aprox.
4 minutes. The avarage response time by an ambulance is
7 - 8 minutes (whole country 15-20 minutes). Someone is needed to sustain life
until the ambulance arrives!
Practice CPR
Arterieal-Venous-Capillary Bleeding
Blood volumes
Patient Total Blood
Volume
Lethal Blood loss if not replaced (rapid)
Adult male 5 – 6.6 liters 2 liters
Adolescent 3.3 – 4.5 liters 1.3 liters
Child 1.5 – 2 liters 0.5 – 0.7 liters
Infant 300+ milliliters 30–50 milliliters
First Aid for bleeding
1. Elevate above heart level
Blood flow subsides
2. Lie down the victim Prevents shock
3. Calm down Less oxygen
4. Apply pressure dressing
5. Apply indirect pressure
Not more than 10 minutes
Nosebleed
Practice pressure bandage!
What is shock?
Shock happens when…
There is a problem with your:Pump: You need to have a functioning
heart to pump blood around
Pipes: You need functioning vessels to carry the blood.
Plasma: You need adequate blood in the system. If there is a loss, there will not be adequate volume circulating.
Signs of shock
Signs Reason
Alerted mental status:•Anxiety•Restlessness•Combativeness
Brain not receiving enough oxygen
Skin:•Pale•Cold•Clammy
Body tries to correct problem by diverting blood from non-vital to vital organs (from skin to heart…)
Signs of shock continues…
Nausea and vomiting
Blood diverted from digestive system
Changes in vital signs
As body tries to pump more blood Rapid pulse (>120 = serious)
Respiration rapid (>24 =
serious)
Other signs:
Thirst, dilated pupils, sometimes cyanosis
Treatment of shock
1. Treat any cause of shock you identify.
2. Stay calm and reassure the victim
3. Lay down the victim and slightly elevate his legs.
4. Maintain normal body temperature
5. Give nothing to drink
6. Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response.
Shock continues…
Anaphylactic shock
Is a massive allergic reaction by the body’s
immune system.
Fainting
Is a self-correcting form of shock resulting from temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.
Musculoskeletal injuries
Fractures any break in a bone
Dislocation when one end of a bone making up a joint is
pulled or pushed out of place
Sprain when a ligament is torn (ankle, knee, finger…)
Strain stretching of a muscle or tendon or mild tearing
of muscle (neck, lower back…)
R I C E
R Rest the injured part
I Apply Ice
C Compress the injury
E Elevate the injured part
Medical emergencies
Do you know First Aid for
Asthma ?
Diabetes ?
Seizures ?
Priorities of Emergency CareHighest priority for Injuries:
Airway obstructionSevere breathing difficultyBurns involving the respiratory tractCardiac arrestSevere bleedingShockSpinal InjurySevere head injuryOpen chest injuriesOpen abdominal wounds
Priorities for Emergency Care
Highest priority for Medical Problems:
Heart attackStrokeHeat strokePoisoningChildbirthDiabetic emergencies
Bonus points
Read through the “Human anatomy handout and answer study questions.
You have until next week Monday to come to my office and show me your answers.
Thank you !