Transcript
QUALITY ASSESMENT AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
(QUALITY ASSURANCE)
What is QUALITY?
• a measure of excellence or state of being free of errors
• meeting the standards that are already predetermined.
Why aim QUALITY in health laboratories?
Reliable / QUALITY results: - improves the decision making capacity of the clinicians as well as public health physicians.
Poor quality results :
leads to inappropriate action over treatment
or over investigation lack of treatment
or inadequate investigations
I. Quality Concepts and Terminology Transition
II. Management of Quality
I. Quality Concepts and Terminology Transition
A. Quality Control ( Internal & External)
B. Quality Assurance
C. Total Quality Management (TQM) & Continous Quality Improvement (CQI)
D. Quality Assessment & Improvement (QA&I)
• a management system for initiating and coordinating:
Quality developmentquality maintenance quality improvement
QUALITY CONTROL
VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS
To achieve twin objectives of:
• Economical production• customer satisfaction
QUALITY CONTROL
• “activities directed toward monitoring the individual elements of care” (e.g. intrument and test procedures)
• Relies on quantitative statistical methods that focus on the final product
• Relies on standards and techniques that measure the quality of the product in isolation from the needs of the customer or patient.
• integral component of quality assurance and is the aggregate of processes and techniques to detect, reduce, and correct deficiencies in an analytical process.
OBJECTIVES OF QC
• to provide products which are dependable, satisfactory and economical
• to ensure economic production of products of uniform quality acceptable to the customer
• Aims to preventing the defects rather than detecting the defects
QUALITY CONTROL
Internal quality control (IQC)
External quality assessment scheme (EQAS)
Internal quality control (IQC)
• appropriate measures taken during day-to-day activities
“to control all possible variables that can influence the outcome of laboratory results”
• a continuous process that operated concurrently with analysis.
External quality assessment scheme (EQAS)
• Aims to analyze the accuracy of the entire testing process from receipt of sample and testing of sample to reporting of results ,also known as proficiency testing
• ensure comparability of results among laboratories
• carried out retrospectively and is conducted by an independent agency.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Quality Assurance• A program in which the overall activities conducted by the
institution are directed toward assuring the quality of the products and services provided.
• Integrates the principles of continous quality improvement (CQI) and total quality management (TQM) into the regulatory process for both moderate and high complexity testing sites.
• Monitors the outcomes or indicators of care.
• Point out that true indicator of a quality service was patient care
• pre-analytical , analytical, post-analytical.
• pre-analytical - patient preparation, specimen collection and processing, technical training, equipment maintenance
• analytical - reagents, apparatus, test method, test procedure, skill in interpretation
• post-analytical - specimen disposal
Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control
Quality Assurance
An overall management plan to guarantee theintegrity of data
Quality Control
A series of analytical measurements used to assess the quality of the analytical data
(The “tools”) (The “system”)
Total Quality Management (TQM)
• A quality management program that includes each component :
customerproducerssuppliers
in the creation process, from the acquisition of supplies to active follow up after the product or service has been received by a delighted customer.
Total Quality Management (TQM) & Continous Quality Improvement (CQI)
• Models for the general management of the laboratory and developing performance appraisal instruments.
• Replacement for QA because of its emphasis on satisfying the needs of the customer.
Quality Assessment and Improvement (QA&I)
A quality management program that focuses on the success of the organization in designing and achieving set goals and objectives
II. Management of Quality
A. The philosophy of qualityB. Operational SystemsC. Quality Management Programs
The Philosophy of Quality
• the attitude of people within the organization towards its work and customers by means of professionalism for the interest of service
• When the requirements are fully met based on quality policies and procedures
• is tied with care and commitment in giving quality service spare headed by top leaders of the organization and is demonstrated how managers spent their time, give attention and supervision.
• Quality pointed to operational quality system and quality management programs
Operational Systems
• represents the actual practices taking place- e.g. not good intentions, wishes or future plans.
• In laboratory / clinical setting:ensure the smooth and continuous flow in the delivery of high quality service.
From Patients Needs :to patient Needs
Service Assessment Physical Utilization
Service Requisition
Specimen Collection
Results Assessment
Information Report
Service Assessment
Analytical process
Quality Management Programs
• addresses specific issues and goals
• Plans for ensuring compliance or bringing about change
• Represents the final results of all efforts and are the actual practices taking place.
• Include the specialized functions that are part of the technical operations of the lab
Others:
• PM or preventive maintenance• Policy and procedure manuals in writing and review• Staff orientation, CPE, and personnel development• Participation in PT 9 proficiency testing )• Trouble shooting procedures• Laboratory accreditation, inspection and licensure
top related